Candlenut （Aleurites moluccana） is an important woody oil plant in the tropi-cal and subtropical regions. In the present study, characteristics of fruit development and changes of kernel components in candl...Candlenut （Aleurites moluccana） is an important woody oil plant in the tropi-cal and subtropical regions. In the present study, characteristics of fruit development and changes of kernel components in candlenut during its fruiting season were investigated. It indicate that in southern China the growth and development period of candlenut fruit is from March to September. The period of rapid fruit growth occurs in late March to mid-May. Proteins and fats of mature nuts are accumulated in a critical period during the mid to late fruit development cycle. The optimal period for harvest is mid-August to late September. During fruit development, seed moisture content showed a trend of gradual decrease; it dropped from the initial 96.1% at the early stages of development to 16.9% at maturity. Sol-uble protein and sugar content showed a gradual increase during the initial and mid devel-opment period; it peaked in July and then decreased gradually. Starch content showed a rapid increase and accumulation during the initial and mid development period; it peaked in June, and then rapidly dropped. However, fat content increased continuously as the fruit developed and matured, and the maximum rate of lipid accumulation occurred in the mid-dle stage of fruit development. The preliminary conclusion of this study laid a foundation for making full use of candlenut fruit, especially as biofuels.展开更多
Lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.),which belongs to the large Asteraceae(Compositae)family,breeds by sexual reproduction and produces seeds.Actually,lettuce seeds are achenes,which are defined as fruits.However,few studies ha...Lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.),which belongs to the large Asteraceae(Compositae)family,breeds by sexual reproduction and produces seeds.Actually,lettuce seeds are achenes,which are defined as fruits.However,few studies have described the morphological characteristics of the lettuce achenes,and genes essential for achene development are largely unknown in lettuce.To investigate the gene activity during achene development and determine the possible mechanisms that influence achene development in lettuce,we performed a time-course transcriptome analysis of lettuce achenes.A total of 27,390 expressed genes were detected at the five achene development stages.We investigated the gene expression patterns during achene development and identified the enriched biological processes at the corresponding stages.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses revealed a variety of transcriptomic similarities and differences at different achene development stages.Further,transcription factors and phytohormones were found to play important roles during achene development.Finally,we proposed a working model to illustrate the gene expression modules and possible molecular mechanisms underlying achene development.Our time-course transcriptome data also provide a foundation for future functional studies to reveal the genetic control of achene development in lettuce.展开更多
Invertase （INV） hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose, thereby playing key roles in primary metabolism and plant development. Based on their pH optima and sub-cellular locations, INVs are categorized into cel...Invertase （INV） hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose, thereby playing key roles in primary metabolism and plant development. Based on their pH optima and sub-cellular locations, INVs are categorized into cell wall, cytoplasmic, and vacuolar subgroups, abbreviated as CWlN, CIN, and VlN, respectively. The broad importance and implications of INVs in plant development and crop productivity have attracted enormous interest to examine INV function and regulation from multiple perspectives. Here, we review some exciting advances in this area over the last two decades, focusing on （1） new or emerging roles of INV in plant development and regulation at the post-translational level through interaction with inhibitors, （2） cross-talk between INV-mediated sugar signaling and hormonal control of development, and （3） sugar- and INV-mediated responses to drought and heat stresses and their impact on seed and fruit set. Finally, we discuss major questions arising from this new progress and outline future directions for unraveling mechanisms underlying INV-mediated plant development and their potential applications in plant biotechnology and agriculture.展开更多
文摘Candlenut （Aleurites moluccana） is an important woody oil plant in the tropi-cal and subtropical regions. In the present study, characteristics of fruit development and changes of kernel components in candlenut during its fruiting season were investigated. It indicate that in southern China the growth and development period of candlenut fruit is from March to September. The period of rapid fruit growth occurs in late March to mid-May. Proteins and fats of mature nuts are accumulated in a critical period during the mid to late fruit development cycle. The optimal period for harvest is mid-August to late September. During fruit development, seed moisture content showed a trend of gradual decrease; it dropped from the initial 96.1% at the early stages of development to 16.9% at maturity. Sol-uble protein and sugar content showed a gradual increase during the initial and mid devel-opment period; it peaked in July and then decreased gradually. Starch content showed a rapid increase and accumulation during the initial and mid development period; it peaked in June, and then rapidly dropped. However, fat content increased continuously as the fruit developed and matured, and the maximum rate of lipid accumulation occurred in the mid-dle stage of fruit development. The preliminary conclusion of this study laid a foundation for making full use of candlenut fruit, especially as biofuels.
基金supported by grants from the Beijing Leafy Vegetables Innovation Team of Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(Grant no.BAIC07-2020)the Construction of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects(Grant no.CEFF-PXM2019_014207_000032)。
文摘Lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.),which belongs to the large Asteraceae(Compositae)family,breeds by sexual reproduction and produces seeds.Actually,lettuce seeds are achenes,which are defined as fruits.However,few studies have described the morphological characteristics of the lettuce achenes,and genes essential for achene development are largely unknown in lettuce.To investigate the gene activity during achene development and determine the possible mechanisms that influence achene development in lettuce,we performed a time-course transcriptome analysis of lettuce achenes.A total of 27,390 expressed genes were detected at the five achene development stages.We investigated the gene expression patterns during achene development and identified the enriched biological processes at the corresponding stages.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses revealed a variety of transcriptomic similarities and differences at different achene development stages.Further,transcription factors and phytohormones were found to play important roles during achene development.Finally,we proposed a working model to illustrate the gene expression modules and possible molecular mechanisms underlying achene development.Our time-course transcriptome data also provide a foundation for future functional studies to reveal the genetic control of achene development in lettuce.
文摘Invertase （INV） hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose, thereby playing key roles in primary metabolism and plant development. Based on their pH optima and sub-cellular locations, INVs are categorized into cell wall, cytoplasmic, and vacuolar subgroups, abbreviated as CWlN, CIN, and VlN, respectively. The broad importance and implications of INVs in plant development and crop productivity have attracted enormous interest to examine INV function and regulation from multiple perspectives. Here, we review some exciting advances in this area over the last two decades, focusing on （1） new or emerging roles of INV in plant development and regulation at the post-translational level through interaction with inhibitors, （2） cross-talk between INV-mediated sugar signaling and hormonal control of development, and （3） sugar- and INV-mediated responses to drought and heat stresses and their impact on seed and fruit set. Finally, we discuss major questions arising from this new progress and outline future directions for unraveling mechanisms underlying INV-mediated plant development and their potential applications in plant biotechnology and agriculture.
