Magnetic resonance imaging combined with serum endolipin and galactagoglobin-3 to diagnose cerebral infarction in the elderly with diabetes mellitus

BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)combined with serum endothelin and galactagoglobin-3(Gal-3)can improve the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus complicated with cerebral infarction.AIM To analyze the clinical value of MRI combined with serum endolipin and Gal-3 for the diagnosis of cerebral infarction in the elderly with diabetes mellitus.METHODS One hundred and fifty patients with acute cerebral infarction hospitalized between January 2021 and December 2023 were divided into two groups according to comorbid diabetes mellitus,including 62 and 88 cases in the diabetic and nondiabetic cerebral infarction groups.Serum samples were collected to detect the expression of serum endolipoxins,and Gal-3,and cranial MRI was performed at admission.Differences between the two groups were compared to analyze the diagnostic value of these parameters.RESULTS Serum endolipin and Gal-3 expression were higher in the diabetic cerebral infarction group(P<0.05).The arterial wall area,vessel area,normalized wall index,and lumen stenosis rate were higher in the diabetic cerebral infarction group,while the rate of arterial lumen moderate and severe stenosis was 48.39% higher(36.36%,P<0.05).The percentage of large(29.03%)and multiple infarcts(33.87%)in the diabetic cerebral infarction group was higher(13.64% and 20.45%),and the incidence rate of lacunar infarcts was lower(37.10%vs 65.91%)(P<0.05).The total incidence of arterial plaque in patients in the diabetic cerebral infarction group was 96.77% higher(69.32%),while the incidence of necrotic lipid core plaque was 58.06%higher(26.14%)(P<0.05).Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnosis utility of these techniques.MRI in combination with serum endoglin and Gal-3 had the highest area under the curve,the Yoden index,sensitivity and specificity(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The expression of serum endolipin and Gal-3 in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus with cerebral infarction showed an elevated trend,and the degree of luminal stenosis was severe.MRI predominantly revealed large and multiple infarct foci.This combined index examination can improve the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus combined with cerebral infarction.

Detection and significance of blood rheology and coagulation function index in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with cerebral infarction

Objective: To investigate the level of blood rheology and coagulation function in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cerebral infarction and its significance. Methods: A total of 81 elderly patients with T2DM and cerebral infarction were selected as the observation group, 80 cases of T2DM patients without cerebral infarction were selected as T2DM group, and 80 healthy elderly people as control group. According to the Adama classification, the patients in the observation group were divided into three groups: lacunar infarction group (n=28), small infarction group (n=39) and large infarction group (n=14). The blood rheology and coagulation function indexes levels among the groups were compared. Results: The single factor variance analysis showed that the differences of the high shear whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, low shear whole blood viscosity, APTT, PT, FIB and D-D levels among the control group were significant, T2DM group and observation group were statistically significant. Compared with the control group, the high shear whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, low shear whole blood viscosity, FIB and D-D levels in the T2DM group and observation group were significantly increased, PT and APTT were decreased sharply, and in the observation group high shear whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, low shear whole blood viscosity, FIB and D-D levels were significantly higher than that of T2DM group APTT, and PT were significantly lower than those of T2DM group. Lacunar infarction group, small infarction group and large infarction group with increased infarct size, with high shear whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, low shear whole blood viscosity, FIB and D-D levels were significantly increased, while APTT and PT were significantly decreased. Conclusion: T2DM and cerebral infarction patients with abnormal blood rheology and coagulation function, the index examination has important clinical value for cerebral infarction area evaluation.

Heart rate is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes: The diabetes heart study

AIM To assess the association of resting heart rate with allcause and cardiovascular disease(CVD) mortality in the Diabetes Heart Study(DHS).METHODS Out of a total of 1443 participants recruited into the DHS, 1315 participants with type 2 diabetes who were free of atrial fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia during the baseline exam were included in this analysis. Heart rate was collected from baseline resting electrocardiogram and mortality(all-cause and CVD) was obtained from state and national death registry. Kaplan-Meier(K-M) and Cox proportional hazard analyses were used to assess the association.RESULTS The mean age, body mass index(BMI) and systolic blood pressure(SBP) of the cohort were 61.4 ± 9.2 years, 32.0 ± 6.6 kg/m2, and 139.4 ± 19.4 mmHg respectively. Fiftysix percent were females, 85% were whites, 15% were blacks, 18% were smokers. The mean ± SD heart rate was 69.8(11.9) beats per minute(bpm). After a median follow-up time of 8.5 years(maximum follow-up time is 14.0 years), 258 participants were deceased. In K-M analysis, participants with heart rate above the median had a significantly higher event rate compared with those below the median(log-rank P = 0.0223). A one standard deviation increase in heart rate was associated with allcause mortality in unadjusted(hazard ratio 1.16, 95%CI: 1.03-1.31) and adjusted(hazard ratio 1.20, 95%CI: 1.05-1.37) models. Similar results were obtained with CVD mortality as the outcome of interest.CONCLUSION Heart rate is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality in this population with type 2 diabetes. In this study, a 1-SD increase in heart rate was associated with a 20% increase in risk suggesting that additional prognostic information may be gleaned from this ubiquitously collected vital sign.

The Prognostic Value of Red Cell Distribution Width in Critically Ill Cerebral Infarction Patients:A Retrospective Cohort Study

Objective:Red blood cell distribution width(RDW)has been utilized as a prognostic indicator for mortality risk assessment in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular patients.Nevertheless,the prognostic significance of RDW in critically ill patients with cerebral infarction is yet to be investigated.The objective of this study is to examine the association between RDW and the risk of all-cause mortality in cerebral infarction patients admitted to the intensive care unit(ICU).Method:A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV 2.2(MIMIC-IV)intensive care dataset for data analysis.The main results were the all-cause mortality rates at 3 and 12 months of follow-up.Cumulative curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method,and Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to examine the relationship between RDW and mortality rates in critically ill cerebral infarction patients.Results:The findings indicate that RDW serves as a significant prognostic factor for mortality risk in critically ill stroke patients,specifically at the 3 and 12-month follow-up periods.The observed correlation between increasing RDW levels and higher mortality rates among cerebral infarction patients further supports the potential utility of RDW as a predictive indicator.Conclusion:RDW emerges as an independent predictor of mortality risk during the 3 and 12-month follow-up periods for critically ill patients with cerebral infarction.

Bilateral cerebral infarction in diabetic ketoacidosis and bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Diabetic ketoacidosis(DKA)is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).Very rarely does DKA lead to cerebral edema,and it is even rarer for it to result in cerebral infarction.Bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion(BICAO)is also rare and can cause fatal stroke.Moreover,case reports about acute cerebral infarction throughout both internal carotid arteries with simultaneous BICAO are very scarce.In this study,we present a patient with BICAO,T1DM,hypertension,and hyperlipidemia,who had a catastrophic bilateral cerebral infarction after a DKA episode.We briefly introduce BICAO and the mechanisms by which DKA results in cerebral infarction.CASE SUMMARY A 41-year-old woman presented with ischemic stroke that took place 3 mo prior over the left corona radiata,bilateral frontal lobe,and parietal lobe with right hemiplegia and Broca’s aphasia.She had a history of hypertension for 5 years,hyperlipidemia for 4 years,hyperthyroidism for 3 years,and T1DM for 31 years.The first brain magnetic resonance imaging not only revealed the aforementioned ischemic lesions but also bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion.She was admitted to our ward for rehabilitation due to prior stroke sequalae.DKA took place on hospital day 2.On hospital day 6,she had a new massive infarction over the bilateral anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery territory.After weeks of aggressive treatment,she remained in a coma and on mechanical ventilation due to respiratory failure.After discussion with her family,compassionate extubation was performed on hospital day 29 and she died.CONCLUSION DKA can lead to cerebral infarction due to several mechanisms.In people with existing BICAO and several stroke risk factors such as hypertension, T1DM,hyperlipidemia, DKA has the potential to cause more serious ischemic strokes.

Effect of Acupuncture on Plasmic Levels of Insulin,Glucagon and Hypercoagulability in NIDDM Complicated by Acute Cerebral Infarction

Twenty-one cases of acute cerebral infarction secondary to NIDDM were treated with acupuncture and conventional therapy, and compared with 16 cases treated with conventional therapy alone. The results showed that acupuncture was more effective in reducing insulin and glucagon levels (P

Exacerbated VEGF up-regulation accompanies diabetes-aggravated hemorrhage in mice after experimental cerebral ischemia and delayed reperfusion

Reperfusion therapy is the preferred treatment for ischemic stroke,but is hindered by its short treatment window,especially in patients with diabetes whose reperfusion after prolonged ischemia is often accompanied by exacerbated hemorrhage.The mechanisms underlying exacerbated hemorrhage are not fully understood.This study aimed to identify this mechanism by inducing prolonged 2-hour transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion in diabetic Ins2Akita/+mice to mimic patients with diabetes undergoing delayed mechanical thrombectomy.The results showed that at as early as 2 hours after reperfusion,Ins2Akita/+mice exhibited rapid development of neurological deficits,increased infarct and hemorrhagic transformation,together with exacerbated down-regulation of tight-junction protein ZO-1 and upregulation of blood-brain barrier-disrupting matrix metallopeptidase 2 and matrix metallopeptidase 9 when compared with normoglycemic Ins2+/+mice.This indicated that diabetes led to the rapid compromise of vessel integrity immediately after reperfusion,and consequently earlier death and further aggravation of hemorrhagic transformation 22 hours after reperfusion.This observation was associated with earlier and stronger up-regulation of pro-angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and its downstream phospho-Erk1/2 at 2 hours after reperfusion,which was suggestive of premature angiogenesis induced by early VEGF up-regulation,resulting in rapid vessel disintegration in diabetic stroke.Endoplasmic reticulum stress-related pro-apoptotic C/EBP homologous protein was overexpressed in challenged Ins2Akita/+mice,which suggests that the exacerbated VEGF up-regulation may be caused by overwhelming endoplasmic reticulum stress under diabetic conditions.In conclusion,the results mimicked complications in patients with diabetes undergoing delayed mechanical thrombectomy,and diabetes-induced accelerated VEGF up-regulation is likely to underlie exacerbated hemorrhagic transformation.Thus,suppression of the VEGF pathway could be a potential approach to allow reperfusion therapy in patients with diabetic stroke beyond the current treatment window.Experiments were approved by the Committee on the Use of Live Animals in Teaching and Research of the University of Hong Kong[CULATR 3834-15(approval date January 5,2016);3977-16(approval date April 13,2016);and 4666-18(approval date March 29,2018)].

C反应蛋白/白蛋白比值对2型糖尿病合并急性心肌梗死患者远期不良心脑血管事件的预测价值研究

背景急性心肌梗死(AMI)是威胁全球公众健康的主要原因之一。虽然已有相应的再灌注治疗策略,但AMI相关的主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCEs)仍然是全世界人口死亡的原因之一。尤其合并糖尿病的AMI患者,因冠状动脉病变复杂,病变程度严重,尽早发现和判断该部分患者远期预后相对困难,因此寻找相对简便、易获得的实验室指标,有利于为2型糖尿病(T2DM)合并AMI患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后MACCEs的预测提供依据。目的探讨血清C反应蛋白(CRP)/白蛋白(Alb)比值(CAR)对T2DM合并AMI患者PCI术后远期MACCEs的预测价值。方法纳入2014—2019年就诊于宁夏医科大学总医院心血管内科1683例T2DM合并AMI患者为研究对象,收集患者的一般临床资料与检查结果。对所有患者进行电话或门诊随访,以全因死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、再发不稳定型心绞痛、非致死性脑卒中、新发心力衰竭或心力衰竭加重再入院、再次血运重建作为MACCEs。根据患者随访期间是否发生MACCEs分为MACCEs组(508例)和非MACCEs组(1175例)。采用单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析探讨T2DM合并AMI患者MACCEs事件的影响因素。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制患者的生存曲线,生存曲线的比较采用Log-rank检验。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析CAR对T2DM合并AMI患者远期发生MACCEs的预测效能,使用净重分类改善指标(NRI)和综合判别指数(IDI)评价CAR对T2DM合并AMI患者预后评估的改善效果。结果1683例患者中508例(30.18%)患者发生MACCEs。多因素Logistic回归分析显示高血压病[OR(95%CI)=1.994(1.142~3.483)]、冠状动脉植入支架长度[OR(95%CI)=1.031(1.002~1.062)]、CRP[OR(95%CI)=0.950(0.915~0.986)]、Alb[OR(95%CI)=0.933(0.880~0.989)]及CAR[OR(95%CI)=5.582(1.705~18.277)]是T2DM合并AMI患者PCI术后发生MACCEs的影响因素(P<0.05)。根据CAR中位表达水平(0.86),将患者分为CAR<0.86组和CAR≥0.86组,Log-rank检验结果显示,CAR≥0.86组MACCEs发生率高于CAR<0.86组(52.68%与22.92%;χ^(2)=65.65,P<0.001)。ROC曲线显示CAR预测T2DM合并AMI患者发生MACCEs的ROC曲线下面积为0.728(95%CI=0.702~0.754),最佳截断值为0.576,灵敏度为0.617,特异度为0.747。在基线模型基础上,与CRP、Alb相比,CAR能明显改善对患者发生MACCEs的预测效果(NRI=0.377,IDI=0.166,C指数=0.690;P<0.05)。结论CAR是T2DM合并AMI患者PCI术后远期MACCEs发生风险的有效预测指标。

汉黄芩素干预糖尿病脑梗死模型大鼠的神经损伤

背景:汉黄芩素是黄芩根中提取的一种黄酮类化合物,既往研究表明汉黄芩素对脑缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用,还能降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖及其并发症,但其在糖尿病脑梗死中的作用及机制还不清楚。目的:探究汉黄芩素对糖尿病脑梗死大鼠神经损伤的影响,并探究其作用机制。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为6组:对照组、模型组、汉黄芩素低、中、高剂量组和汉黄芩素高剂量+RhoA激活剂组,每组10只。除对照组外,其余组通过腹腔注射链脲佐菌素和大脑中动脉闭塞法构建糖尿病脑梗死大鼠模型,汉黄芩素低、中、高剂量组分别灌胃10,20,40 mg/kg汉黄芩素,汉黄芩素高剂量+RhoA激活剂组灌胃40 mg/kg汉黄芩素并腹腔注射10 mg/kg溶血磷脂酸,对照组和模型组给予等量生理盐水,1次/d,连续7 d。末次给药结束后,各组大鼠进行神经功能缺损评分,检测血糖水平,TTC染色检测脑梗死体积,苏木精-伊红染色观察脑组织病理变化,ELISA试剂盒检测脑组织中肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素6和丙二醛、超氧化物歧化酶水平,Western blot检测脑组织中RhoA、ROCK2蛋白表达。结果与结论:(1)与对照组相比,模型组大鼠神经元结构严重受损,细胞坏死、变性;神经功能缺损评分、血糖水平、脑梗死体积升高(P<0.05);脑组织中肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素6、丙二醛水平升高(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶水平下降(P<0.05);脑组织中RhoA、ROCK2蛋白表达升高(P<0.05);(2)与模型组相比,汉黄芩素低、中、高剂量组神经元损伤改善,细胞变性和坏死减少;神经功能缺损评分、血糖水平、脑梗死体积下降(P<0.05);脑组织中肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素6、丙二醛水平下降(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶水平升高(P<0.05);脑组织中RhoA、ROCK2蛋白表达下降(P<0.05);(3)与汉黄芩素高剂量组相比,汉黄芩素高剂量+RhoA激活剂组明显抑制糖尿病脑梗死大鼠上述指标的改善(P<0.05)。结果表明:汉黄芩素能够改善糖尿病脑梗死大鼠血糖水平,减轻脑梗死和神经损伤,其作用机制可能与抑制RhoA/ROCK信号通路有关。

2019年至2022年河南省许昌市居民心脑血管疾病监测情况分析

目的分析2019年至2022年河南省许昌市居民心脑血管疾病监测结果,了解该地区居民心脑血管疾病发生与死亡情况,为该地区疾病防控策略的优化与完善提供科学指导。方法自全国死因监测系统中获取2019年至2022年河南省许昌市居民心脑血管疾病死亡个案、人口死亡数据,统计并整理各年份心脑血管疾病发病情况与死亡情况,并根据当地统计局人口资料获取2019年至2022年当地人口数据,计算该地区各年份心脑血管疾病发病率与死亡率,分析该地区不同性别、年龄与死亡原因的心脑血管疾病患者的构成情况。结果2022年河南省许昌市居民心脑血管疾病发病率高于2019年、2020年及2021年,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2022年死亡率高于2020年、2021年,低于2019年,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2019年至2022年,河南省许昌市居民心脑血管疾病的患病类型主要为:脑梗死、脑出血、自发性心肌梗死、继发性心肌梗死、心脏性猝死等;2022年,心绞痛、蛛网膜下腔出血、脑梗死等疾病发生率显著高于2019年,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);河南省许昌市心脑血管疾病死亡患者中,男性患者占比均高于女性患者,年龄主要集中在60岁以上,且各年份≥80岁患者的心脑血管疾病死亡率明显高于<40岁患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);直接导致此类患者死亡的疾病主要为:心肌梗死、脑梗死、脑出血、猝死等,其中,各年份因心肌梗死而发生死亡者占比均超过40%,因脑梗死而发生死亡者占比均超过24%,因脑出血而发生死亡者占比约20%。结论2019年至2022年河南省许昌市居民心脑血管疾病的发病率与死亡率均呈现出一定上升趋势,且患者的年龄越高,发生死亡的风险相对更高,死亡原因主要为心肌梗死、脑梗死及脑出血。有关部门未来仍需加强对当地心脑血管疾病的监测与防治,尽快完善相关防控措施,尽可能实现此类疾病的早发现、早诊断与早治疗,为居民提供更多安全保障。

达格列净对急性心肌梗死合并糖尿病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后糖代谢和心功能的影响

目的探究达格列净对急性心肌梗死合并糖尿病患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)后糖代谢、心功能及再入院率的影响。方法将108例急性心肌梗死合并2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字法将其分为观察组(55例)和对照组(53例)。对照组于PCI术后常规给予抗血小板药物及降糖药物治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上给予达格列净治疗。于治疗3个月后,比较2组治疗疗效及再入院率、血管再狭窄率、心脏不良事件发生率;观察2组患者治疗前后心功能指标[N端B型脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide,NT-proBNP)、左室射血分数(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,LVEDD)]、糖代谢指标[空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2-hours postprandial blood glucose,2 hPBG)和糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbAlc)]和炎症因子[髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)、白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)]。结果观察组、对照组的治疗总有效率分别为92.73%、81.13%,2组比较差异无统计学意义。治疗后,观察组NTproBNP水平低于对照组[(237.31±20.59)pg·mL^(-1) vs.(251.68±21.17)pg·mL^(-1)],LVEF值大于对照组[(58.04%±3.12%)vs.(56.97%±3.65%)],LVEDD值小于对照组[(52.70±5.09)mm vs.(55.05±4.37)mm,P<0.05];FBG、2 hPBG水平和HbAlc值均低于对照组[(5.14±0.69)mmol·L^(-1) vs.(5.68±0.71)mmol·L^(-1),(8.01±1.65)mmol·L^(-1) vs.(8.79±1.39)mmol·L^(-1),(6.45%±0.69%)vs(.7.04%±0.81%),P<0.05];MPO、IL-6和TNF-α水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);再入院率低于对照组(1.82%vs.11.32%,P<0.05);2组患者血管再狭窄率及心脏不良事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义(0 vs.7.55%,3.64%vs.13.21%,P>0.05)。结论达格列净可降低急性心肌梗死合并糖尿病患者PCI后血糖水平及再入院率,且可改善患者的心功能。

社区获得性肺炎合并糖尿病患者的临床特征和死亡危险因素分析

目的 探讨社区获得性肺炎(community-acquired pneumonia,CAP)合并糖尿病(diabetes mellitus,DM)患者的临床特征和住院期间死亡的危险因素。方法 回顾性收集昆明医科大学第二附属医院2018年1月至2022年1月住院治疗的566例CAP患者资料,根据患者是否合并糖尿病分为单纯CAP组(n=478),CAP合并糖尿病(CAP+DM)组(n=88),再根据患者住院期间是否死亡将CAP+DM组(n=88)分为存活组(n=69)和死亡组(n=19)。分别比较不同分组患者的临床资料和入院时的实验室化验指标,采用Cox回归分析筛选CAP+DM组患者住院期间死亡的危险因素,绘制受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评估危险因素对住院期间死亡的预测价值。结果 与单纯CAP组比较,CAP+DM组患者在年龄、合并高血压、冠心病、CURB-65评分、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)、降钙素原(procalcitonin,PCT)、白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、前白蛋白(prealbumin,PA)、葡萄糖(glucose,GLU)、血清钾(potassium,K)、钙(calcium,Ca)、磷(phosphorus,P)、镁(magnesium,Mg)、乳酸(lactic acid,Lac),无创通气时间、入住ICU率及病死率比较上,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05);与存活组比较,死亡组患者在CURB-65评分、NLR、CRP、PCT、GIU、ALB、PA、血清铁(iron,Fe)、Ca、无创通气时间、入住ICU率比较上,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。Cox回归分析显示,NLR水平升高、PA水平下降是CAP合并糖尿病患者住院期间死亡的危险因素(P <0.05)。PA截断值为91 mg/L时,预测合并糖尿病的CAP患者住院期间死亡的曲线下面积(area under curve,AUC)、灵敏度和特异度分别为0.849,84.2%、81.2%。结论 CAP合并糖尿病的患者较单纯的CAP患者病情更严重,预后更差,PA对这类患者的预后具有良好的预测价值,应早期检测并积极干预,以降低患者的住院病死率。

Admission Glucose and In-hospital Mortality after Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients with or without Diabetes： A Cross-sectional Study

Background：Hyperglycemia on admission has been found to elevate risk for mortality and adverse clinical events after acute myocardial infarction （AMI）,but there are evidences that the relationship of blood glucose and mortality may differ between diabetic and nondiabetic patients.Prior studies in China have provided mixed results and are limited by statistical power.Here,we used data from a large,nationally representative sample of patients hospitalized with AMI in China in 2001,2006,and 2011 to assess if admission glucose is of prognostic value in China and if this relationship differs depending on the presence or absence of diabetes.Methods：Using a nationally representative sample of patients with AMI in China in 2001,2006,and 2011,we categorized patients according to their glucose levels at admission （〈3.9,3.9-7.7,7.8-11.0,and ≥11.1 mmol/L） and compared in-hospital mortality across these admission glucose categories,stratified by diabetes status.Among diabetic and nondiabetic patients,separately,we employed logistic regression to assess the differences in outcomes across admission glucose levels while adjusting for the same covariates.Results：Compared to patients with euglycemia （5.8%）,patients with moderate hyperglycemia （13.1%,odds ratio [OR] =2.44,95% confidence interval [CI,2.08-2.86]）,severe hyperglycemia （21.5%,OR =4.42,95% CI [3.78-5.18]）,and hypoglycemia （13.8%,OR =2.59,95% CI [1.68-4.00]）,all had higher crude in-hospital mortality after AMI regardless of the presence of recognized diabetes mellitus.After adjustment for patients＆#39; characteristics and clinical status,however,the relationship between admission glucose and in-hospital mortality was different for diabetic and nondiabetic patients （P for interaction =0.045）.Among diabetic patients,hypoglycemia （OR =3.02,95% CI [1.20-7.63]）,moderate hyperglycemia （OR =1.75,95% CI [1.04-2.92]）,and severe hyperglycemia （OR =2.97,95% CI [1.87-4.71]） remained associated with elevated risk for mortality,but among nondiabetic patients,only patients with moderate hyperglycemia （OR =2.34,95% CI [1.93-2.84]） and severe hyperglycemia （OR =3.92,95% CI [3.04-5.04]） were at elevated mortality risk and not hypoglycemia （OR =1.12,95% CI [0.60-2.08]）.This relationship was consistent across different study years （P for interaction =0.900）.Conclusions：The relationship between admission glucose and in-hospital mortality differs for diabetic and nondiabetic patients.Hypoglycemia was a bad prognostic marker among diabetic patients alone.The study results could be used to guide risk assessment among AMI patients using admission glucose.Trial Registration：www.clinicaltrials.gov,NCT01624883;https：// clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01624883.

综合护理对脑梗死合并糖尿病患者的护理效能分析

目的分析脑梗死并糖尿病实施综合护理的影响。方法选取2022年12月—2023年12月兰陵县人民医院收治的72例脑梗死合并糖尿病患者为研究对象,以奇偶数分为两组,各36例,普通组为传统护理,综合组为综合护理,比较两组护理效能、不良情绪评分、血糖指标、护理满意率。结果施护后,两组护理效能评分高于施护前,且综合组高于普通组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。施护后,两组不良情绪评分均降低,且综合组低于普通组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。施护后,两组血糖指标均降低,且综合组低于普通组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。综合组护理满意率为97.22%,高于普通组的77.78%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.222,P<0.05)。结论综合护理对提升自我效能有正面影响,可减轻情绪问题,使患者血糖得到控制,利于稳定脑梗死合并糖尿病患者的病情,提高护理满意率。

从“补虚泻实,燮理阴阳”探讨中药靶向线粒体稳态改善糖尿病合并脑梗死的机制

糖尿病合并脑梗死是糖尿病严重血管并发症,线粒体可能是糖尿病合并脑梗死的治疗新靶点。线粒体稳态与中医“气血阴阳”密切相关。线粒体是细胞“动力工厂”,为人体生命活动提供能量,与中医学“气血”功能具有相似性。线粒体动力学包括分裂、融合和自噬,其对立制约、互根互用、动态平衡的特点是中医学“阴阳”理论微观化的体现。脑为髓海,是元神之府,是新陈代谢的主要调节者,线粒体为大脑供能,并调节人体胰岛素分泌。线粒体稳态失衡与“消渴病中风”病机相符合,消渴日久,气阴亏虚,人体线粒体能量代谢不足;瘀毒阻于脑络,缺血侧脑组织细胞存在受损线粒体和离子潴留等病理产物的堆积,人体气血阴阳失调,虚实夹杂,线粒体稳态失衡。宜以“补虚泻实,燮理阴阳”为基本治则,滋阴益气、活血解毒、改善线粒体稳态。益气活血类中药单体及复方可靶向线粒体质量控制,维护线粒体稳态,改善糖尿病合并脑梗死。

急性脑梗死患者急救成功率的影响因素分析

目的:探讨影响急性脑梗死(ACI)患者急救成功率的相关因素.方法:选择2018年7月至2022年7月于本院治疗的115例ACI患者为研究对象.根据溶栓治疗后的生存状况将其分为急救失败组(n=20)和急救成功组(n=95).调查患者的临床资料,经单因素、多因素Logistic回归分析方法对影响ACI患者急救成功率的因素进行分析.结果:115例ACI患者中急救成功95例,急救成功率为82.61%.急救成功组和急救失败组的发病至溶栓时间、神经功能缺损程度、合并糖尿病比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).多因素Logistic回归分析显示,发病至溶栓时间≥4.5h、重度神经功能缺损、合并糖尿病,均是影响ACI患者急救成功率的独立危险因素(P<0.05).结论:ACI患者急救成功率的影响因素包括发病至溶栓时间≥4.5h、重度神经功能缺损、合并糖尿病.

尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者的效果

目的:观察尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者的效果。方法:选取2021年6月至2023年1月该院收治的120例2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组各60例。两组均给予常规降糖治疗,在此基础上,对照组给予依达拉奉治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合尤瑞克林治疗。比较两组临床疗效、治疗前后糖脂代谢指标[空腹血糖(FPG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)]水平、炎性因子[白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1(sVCAM-1)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)]水平、血管内皮指标[血栓素B2(TXB2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、内皮素(ET-1)]水平及不良反应发生率。结果:观察组治疗总有效率为93.33%,高于对照组的75.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组FPG、TC、TG水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组IL-6、sVCAM-1、hs-CRP水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组TXB2、VEGF、ET-1水平均低于治疗前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:尤瑞克林联合依达拉奉治疗2型糖尿病合并急性脑梗死患者,可提高临床疗效,改善糖脂代谢指标水平,减轻机体炎症反应,降低血管内皮指标水平,效果优于单纯依达拉奉治疗。

急性脑梗死老年患者轻度认知障碍发生的影响因素

目的:探讨老年急性脑梗死(ACI)患者轻度认知障碍(MCI)发生情况及影响因素.方法:选取2023年1月至2024年1月本院收治的106例老年ACI患者为研究对象.依据简易智力状态(MMSE)评分,将其分为MCI组(n=22)与无MCI组(n=84).收集两组患者临床资料,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归法分析老年ACI患者发生MCI的影响因素.结果:本研究纳入的106例老年ACI患者中,发生MCI者为22例,MCI发生率为20.75%(22/106).两组患者年龄,合并糖尿病、原发性高血压及高脂血症占比比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄,合并原发性高血压、糖尿病及高脂血症,均是导致老年ACI患者发生MCI的独立危险因素(OR>1,P<0.05).结论:年龄、合并原发性高血压、合并糖尿病及高脂血症是老年ACI患者MCI发生的独立危险因素,应重点关注高龄和合并基础疾病患者,并尽早制定对症治疗措施,降低ACI患者MCI发生率.

入院前使用二甲双胍对糖尿病合并脓毒症患者临床结局的影响

背景越来越多的证据表明,入院前使用二甲双胍可降低糖尿病合并脓毒症患者的死亡率,然而,二甲双胍对糖尿病合并脓毒症患者临床结局的影响仍存在争议,因此,有必要对现有研究进行系统回顾和荟萃分析,进一步评估二甲双胍是否有利于改善糖尿病合并脓毒症患者死亡率等临床结局。目的系统评价入院前使用二甲双胍对糖尿病合并脓毒症患者死亡率、初始血浆乳酸水平和器官功能障碍等的影响。方法计算机检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、Scopus、中国生物医学文献服务系统、万方数据知识服务平台、中国知网以及其他数据库中二甲双胍对糖尿病合并脓毒症患者临床结局影响的相关中、英文文献,试验组(MET组)为入院前使用二甲双胍的糖尿病合并脓毒症的成年患者,对照组(NM组)为入院前未使用二甲双胍的糖尿病合并脓毒症的成年患者,检索时限为数据库建立至2023-03-15。由2名研究人员筛选、提取数据及评价文献质量后,采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果本研究共纳入12篇文献,共12320例糖尿病合并脓毒症患者,纳入文献的纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表(NOS)评分为7~8分。Meta分析结果显示:MET组患者死亡率(OR=0.61,95%CI=0.46~0.80,P<0.001)、血管升压药的使用率(OR=0.83,95%CI=0.69~0.98,P=0.03)低于NM组;MET组与NM组患者初始血浆乳酸水平(MD=0.31,95%CI=-0.12~0.75,P=0.16)、血清肌酐水平(MD=-0.81,95%CI=-0.48~0.13,P=0.25)、初始血糖水平(MD=32.94,95%CI=-10.12~76.01,P=0.13)、机械通气(OR=0.90,95%CI=0.77~1.06,P=0.23)比较,差异无统计学意义。结论入院前使用二甲双胍可以降低糖尿病合并脓毒症患者的死亡率,并可减少相应患者血管升压药的使用率,为二甲双胍可降低糖尿病合并脓毒症患者死亡率提供了全新的证据。但对于糖尿病合并脓毒症患者能否降低脓毒症严重程度评分以及减少去甲肾上腺素最大剂量仍有待进一步的研究。

急性脑梗死伴2型糖尿病的临床及治疗进展

急性脑梗死与糖尿病均是临床常见疾病,二者息息相关,常伴随发生,近年来其共病率呈现逐年上升趋势,因而日益受到医学界重视。高血糖不仅增加急性脑梗死的发病率,而且加剧脑损伤症状,极不利于患者预后。对急性脑梗死伴2型糖尿病临床及治疗的研究将有助于病情评估、治疗方案优化。本文就急性脑梗死伴2型糖尿病的发病机制、临床特征及治疗进展作一综述,旨在为临床提供参考。