Predictive value of bilirubin and serum γ-glutamyltranspeptidase levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients with acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease is a major complication of diabetes mellitus(DM).Type-2 DM(T2DM)is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events and mortality,while serum biomarkers may facilitate the prediction of these outcomes.Early differential diagnosis of T2DM complicated with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)plays an important role in controlling disease progression and improving safety.AIM To investigate the correlation of serum bilirubin andγ-glutamyltranspeptidase(γ-GGT)with major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)in T2DM patients with ACS.METHODS The clinical data of inpatients from January 2022 to December 2022 were analyzed retrospectively.According to different conditions,they were divided into the T2DM complicated with ACS group(T2DM+ACS,n=96),simple T2DM group(T2DM,n=85),and simple ACS group(ACS,n=90).The clinical data and laboratory indices were compared among the three groups,and the correlations of serum total bilirubin(TBIL)levels and serumγ-GGT levels with other indices were discussed.T2DM+ACS patients received a 90-day follow-up after discharge and were divided into event(n=15)and nonevent(n=81)groups according to the occurrence of MACEs;Univariate and multivariate analyses were further used to screen the independent influencing factors of MACEs in patients.RESULTS The T2DM+ACS group showed higherγ-GGT,total cholesterol,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c)and lower TBIL and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels than the T2DM and ACS groups(P<0.05).Based on univariate analysis,the event and nonevent groups were significantly different in age(t=3.3612,P=0.0011),TBIL level(t=3.0742,P=0.0028),γ-GGT level(t=2.6887,P=0.0085),LDL-C level(t=2.0816,P=0.0401),HbA1c level(t=2.7862,P=0.0065)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LEVF)levels(t=3.2047,P=0.0018).Multivariate logistic regression analysis further identified that TBIL level and LEVF level were protective factor for MACEs,and age andγ-GGT level were risk factors(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Serum TBIL levels are decreased andγ-GGT levels are increased in T2DM+ACS patients,and the two indices are significantly negatively correlated.TBIL andγ-GGT are independent influencing factors for MACEs in such patients.

Study of the Fibriolytic Inhibition and Clinical Prognosis in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients Complicated with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Objectives To study the status of fibrinolytic inhibition in patients of acute coronary syndrome(ACS) complicated with type II diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and to evaluate the effect of fibrinolytic inhibition to the clinical prognosis. Methods Type II diabetes mellitus was defined by ADA 1997/WHO 1998 criteria. The subjects were divided into treatment groups that included 39 patients of ACS with 20 cases of acute myocardiac infarction (AMI), 36 patients of ACS + NIDOM with 20 cases of AMI. Twenty cases of healthy people were randomized to control group. The plasma level of tissue type plas-minogen activator (t - PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor type - 1 (PAI - 1) and plasma D - dimer were detected by using elisa technique. The index of statue in fibrinolysis was detected with the plasma level of D -dimer and the rate of PAI - 1/D - dimer in percentage. This index was used to evaluate the fibrinolytic inhibition and the clinical outcome in all the patients with AMI in treatment groups. The clinical outcome in patients with AMI consisted of the rate of reperfusion, the incidences of re - infarction, severi-ous arrhythmia, pump failure and death in the early period of AMI. Results The plasma level of PAI - 1 and D - dimer was higher in the two treatment groups than that in the control group ( P < 0. 01). The plasma level of PAI - 1 significantly higher in ACS + NIDDM patients than that in ACS ( P < 0. 05), but the plasma level of D - dimer raised from basic level was significantly lower in ACS + NIDDM than that in ACS ( P < 0. 05) . The rate of PAI - 1 /D - dimer in percentage was significantly higher in ACS + NIDDM than that in ACS or in control group ( P < 0. 01). For AMI patients in two treatment groups, the rate of reperfusion after the thrombolytic therapy was significantly lower in ACS + NIDDM than that in ACS( P < 0. 01) . The rate of incidences in pump failure was significantly higher in ACS + NIDDM than that in ACS too ( P < 0. 05). The morbidity of severious arrhythmia, re - infarction and the mortality were also higher in ACS + NIDDM; however the difference was not significant (P<0. 05) . Conclusions The plasma level of D - dimer combined with the rate of PAI - 1 /D - dimer in percentage could be used to be the evidence and the index to evaluate the status of fibrinolytic inhibition in patients of ACS + NIDDM, and could be used to evaluate the effect of the fibrinolytic inhibition to the outcome of treatment and clinical prognosis in ACS patient.

Clinical characteristics,GRACE score,TIMI score and prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with acute coronary syndrome

Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)with acute coronary syndrome(ACS),the global registry of acute coronary events(GRACE)score,the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction(TIMI)score and clinical prognosis.Method:The study was a retrospective one-center observational study,continuous inclusion of 600 ACS patients diagnosed by coronary angiography in our hospital from October 2018 to July 2019.Collect general clinical data,laboratory examination results,imaging data and interventional treatment data of all patients.Were divided into:T2DM with ACS group(group DA)and non-T2DM with ACS(group NDA)according to whether or not they were associated with T2DM.According to the GRACE、TIMI score,the two groups were divided into high risk group,middle risk group and low risk group.All patients underwent coronary angiography to calculate the number of vascular lesions and Gensini scores.Design questionnaire,after discharge to 2 groups of patients by telephone or outpatient follow-up average of 10 months,statistics of the occurrence of MACE events.Result:Among the 600 patients included in the study,362 were male(60.3%)and 238 were female(39.7%)with mean age(64.7±10.3)years.The baseline data showed that the G、TG、UA、CR levels were higher in the DA group than in the NDA group;the proportion of men was lower than in the NDA group.The results of coronary angiography showed that the Gensini score of DA group was higher than that of NDA group,and the proportion of single lesion was lower than that of NDA group.The binary Logistic regression analysis suggested that age and CRP were independent risk factors for MACE events in patients with T2DM.GRACE risk stratification showed that the proportion of high risk group in DA group was significantly higher than that in NDA group,and there was no significant difference between low and middle risk group.TIMI risk stratification showed that the proportion of high risk group in DA group was significantly higher than that in NDA group,while the proportion of low and middle risk group was lower than that in NDA group.The ROC curve shows that the area(AUC)below the ROC curve that GRACE、TIMI score predicted the occurrence of MACE events in patients with T2DM and ACS was 0.707 and 0.586.Conclusion:Patients with T2DM and ACS had higher clinical risk stratification than without T2DM.GRACE score compared with the TIMI score had better predictive value for the occurrence of MACE events after discharge of T2DM with ACS patients.

Interplay of serum biomarkers bilirubin andγ-glutamyltranspeptidase in predicting cardiovascular complications in type-2 diabetes mellitus

This editorial synthesizes insights from a series of studies examining the interplay between metabolic and oxidative stress biomarkers in cardiovascular disease(CVD),focusing particularly on type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and acute coronary syndrome(ACS).The central piece of this synthesis is a study that investigates the balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant systems in the body through the analysis of serum bilirubin andγ-glutamyltranspeptidase(γ-GGT)levels in T2DM patients with ACS.This study highlights serum bilirubin as a protective antioxidant factor,while elevatedγ-GGT levels indicate increased oxidative stress and correlate with major adverse cardiovascular events.Complementary to this,other research contributions revealγ-GGT’s role as a risk factor in ACS,its association with cardiovascular mortality in broader populations,and its link to metabolic syndrome,further elucidating the metabolic dysregulation in CVDs.The collective findings from these studies underscore the critical roles ofγ-GGT and serum bilirubin in cardiovascular health,especially in the context of T2DM and ACS.By providing a balanced view of the body’s oxidative and antioxidative mechanisms,these insights suggest potential pathways for targeted interventions and improved prognostic assessments in patients with T2DM and ACS.This synthesis not only corroborates the pivotal role ofγ-GGT in cardiovascular pathology but also introduces the protective potential of antioxidants like bilirubin,illuminating the complex interplay between T2DM and heart disease.These studies collectively underscore the critical roles of serum bilirubin andγ-GGT as biomarkers in cardiovascular health,particularly in T2DM and ACS contexts,offering insights into the body’s oxidative and antioxidative mechanisms.This synthesis of research supports the potential of these biomarkers in guiding therapeutic strategies and improving prognostic assessments for patients with T2DM and some CVD.

Intravascular Profile of Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetic Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: Results of the Saudi Coronary Athero-Thrombotic Disease (SAUDICAT)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We sought to establish for the first time in Saudi Arabia an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) profile of DM patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Patients and methods: We retrospectively analyzed 210 IVUS studies in 181 patients hospitalized in King Salman Heart Centre for ACS. IVUS was performed to guide percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) of borderline moderate lesions. Results: Mean age was 58 ± 10 years, 78% (n = 163) of IVUS studies were performed in men. There were 71% (n = 128) patients with DM. ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was the most common clinical presentation (47%, n = 88 patients). As compared to non-DM, the intermediate lesions of DM patients had a significantly larger IVUS plaque volume (267 ± 174 mm3 versus 193 ± 111 mm3, p Conclusion: IVUS demonstrates longer lesions to be treated in DM patients with ACS in Saudi Arabia, however no difference in average plaque burden or remodelling index. These findings are likely to impact our understanding of optimal PCI strategies in DM patients.

Atypical presentation of acute and chronic coronary artery disease in diabetics

In patients with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease is the principal cause of mortality and chest pain is the most frequent symptom in patients with stable and acute coronary artery disease. However, there is little knowledge concerning the pervasiveness of uncommon presentations in diabetics. The symptomatology of acute coronary syndrome, which comprises both pain and non-pain symptoms, may be affected by traditional risk factors such as age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Such atypical symptoms may range from silent myocardial ischemia to a wide spectrum of non-chest pain symptoms. Worldwide, few studies have highlighted this under-investigated subject, and this aspect of ischemic heart disease has also been under-evaluated in the major clinical trials. The results of these studies are highly diverse which makes definitive conclusions regarding the spectrum of atypical presentation of acute and even stable chronic coronay artery disease difficult to confirm. This may have a significant impact on the morbidity and mortality of coronary artery disease in diabetics. In this up-to-date review we will try to analyze the most recent studies on the atypical presentations in both acute and chronic ischemic heart disease which may give some emphasis to this under-investigated topic.

不同年龄糖尿病合并急性冠状动脉综合征患者多支血管病变不完全血运重建的预后分析

目的探讨不同年龄糖尿病合并急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)冠状动脉多支血管病变(multivessel disease,MVD)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)不完全血运重建(incomplete revascularization,IR)对预后的影响。方法回顾性分析郑州人民医院2011年1月至2019年12月行PCI的ACS冠状动脉MVD合并糖尿病患者IR的连续资料,依据年龄分为三组:A组:非老年组(306例),年龄38~59(52.37±7.44)岁;B组:老年组(204例),年龄60~79(71.89±8.79)岁;C组:高龄老年组(137例),年龄82~94岁(86.87±5.77)。分析36个月主要终点(全因死亡、心源性死亡、心肌梗死)和主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE,心源性死亡、心肌梗死、再次血运重建、支架内血栓和脑卒中)的发生率。结果C组完全性血运重建(CR)率显著低于B组和A组(40.17%vs.52.22%vs.50.96%,P<0.001)。三组全因死亡(C、B、A组分别为:18.25%vs.10.29%vs.10.46%,P=0.043)、心源性死亡(16.79%vs.9.31%vs.6.86%,P=0.005)、心肌梗死(15.33%vs.8.33%vs.0.65%,P<0.001)有统计学意义。三组主要不良心脑血管事件(major adverse cardiacand cerebrovascular events,MACCE)发生率(56.20%vs.41.67%vs.19.28%,P<0.001)、再次血运重建率(18.98%vs.20.10%vs.8.50%,P<0.001)、心绞痛复发率(24.09%vs.30.39%vs.19.61%,P=0.020)有显著性差异。C组脑卒中的发生率和再次住院率显著高于B组和A组(P<0.05)。结论高龄老年ACS合并糖尿病患者冠状动脉血管病变复杂,选择IR术后MACCE发生率显著高于非老年组和老年组患者。

Evaluation of the prognostic ability of serum uric acid for elderly acute coronary syndrome patients with diabetes mellitus:a prospective cohort study

Objective:This study evaluated the prognostic power of serum uric acid(UA)in predicting adverse events in elderly acute coronary syndrome(ACS)patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods:The analysis involved 718 ACS patients>80 years old whose general clinical data and baseline blood biochemical indicators were collected prospectively from January 2006 to December 2012.These patients were classified into two groups based on DM status,and then followed up after discharge.The Kaplan-Meier method was used for major adverse cardiac event(MACE)rates and all-cause mortality.Multivariate Cox regression was performed to analyze the relationship between UA level and long-term clinical prognosis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were analyzed to predict the cutoff value of UA in elderly ACS patients with DM.There were 242 and 476 patients in the DM and non-DM(NDM)groups,respectively,and the follow-up time after discharge was 40‒120 months(median,63 months;interquartile range,51‒74 months).Results:The all-cause mortality,cardiac mortality,and MACE rates in both DM and NDM patients were higher than those in the control group(P=0.001).All-cause mortalities,cardiac mortalities,and MACE rates in DM patients with moderate and high UA levels were significantly higher than those in the NDM group(P=0.001).Long-term survival rates decreased significantly with increased UA levels in the ACS groups(P=0.001).UA(odds ratio(OR)=2.106,95%confidence interval(CI)=1.244‒3.568,P=0.006)was found to be an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and MACE in elderly ACS patients with DM.The cutoff value of UA was 353.6μmol/L(sensitivity,67.4%;specificity,65.7%).Conclusions:Serum UA level is a strong independent predictor of long-term all-cause death and MACE in elderly ACS patients with DM.

冠心丹参滴丸对急性冠脉综合征合并2型糖尿病病人PCI术后生活质量及血瘀证计分的影响

目的:观察冠心丹参滴丸对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)病人经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后生活质量及血瘀证计分的影响。方法:在我国40所医疗中心纳入2012年2月—2015年12月行PCI治疗的ACS合并T2DM病人,以是否使用冠心丹参滴丸为暴露因素,分为冠心丹参滴丸组和常规治疗组。常规治疗组根据指南推荐进行常规西药治疗,冠心丹参滴丸组在常规西药治疗基础上加用冠心丹参滴丸每次0.4 g,每日3次,疗程为12个月。以西雅图心绞痛量表(SAQ)评分及血瘀证计分为疗效评价指标,采用广义估计方程(GEE)进行统计学分析。结果:650例病人完成了随访,其中冠心丹参滴丸组340例、常规治疗组310例。与常规治疗组比较,冠心丹参滴丸组在治疗第12个月时SAQ总分增加(P<0.05),治疗第6个月、第12个月时血瘀证计分明显下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:冠心丹参滴丸可改善ACS合并T2DM病人PCI后SAQ评分,降低血瘀证计分,提高病人生活质量。

血清PCSK9、ICAM-1与ACS合并糖尿病患者PCI术后心肌损伤及预后的关系

目的探讨血清前蛋白转化酶枯草溶菌素9(PCSK9)、细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)与急性冠脉综合征(ACS)合并糖尿病患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术后心肌损伤及预后的关系。方法将2020年1月至2022年3月该院收治的58例ACS合并糖尿病患者纳入研究。患者行PCI手术后,根据是否发生心肌损伤,分为心肌损伤组(n=24)和心肌未损伤组(n=34)。对患者术后进行12个月的随访,根据是否发生主要不良心血管事件(MACE)分为预后不良组(n=20)和预后良好组(n=38)。比较不同组别的患者血清PCSK9、ICAM-1水平;采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估血清PCSK9、ICAM-1水平对ACS合并糖尿病患者PCI术后心肌损伤及预后不良的预测价值。结果心肌损伤组患者血清PCSK9、ICAM-1水平高于心肌未损伤组(P<0.05)。预后不良组患者血清PCSK9、ICAM-1水平高于预后良好组(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清PCSK9联合血清ICAM-1的预测价值最高,其用于预测ACS合并糖尿病患者PCI术后心肌损伤及预后不良的曲线下面积(AUC)最大,分别为0.865和0.820。结论血清PCSK9、ICAM-1水平与ACS合并糖尿病患者PCI术后心肌损伤及预后密切相关,两者联合检测对患者心肌损伤及预后不良的预测价值最高。

Comparative effects of rosuvastatin and atorvastatin on the risk of new-onset diabetes mellitus in patients with acute coronary syndrome receiving percutaneous coronary intervention:a retrospective cohort study

Background:Statins are frequently prescribed to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality by lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.However,the use of statins leads to an increased incidence of new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus(NODM).Our study aims to compare the effect of rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin on NODM in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS)who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)within 18 months of follow-up.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with ACS who underwent PCI and were treated with rosuvastatin or atorvastatin between June 2012 and June 2017.The survival functions between the 2 groups were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test with NODM as the endpoint.Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs)for the risk factors of NODM.Results:In total,220 patients received rosuvastatin and 168 atorvastatin.The cumulative incidence of NODM in the rosuvastatin group was lower but did not reach statistical significance,compared with that in the atorvastatin group(7.27%vs.12.50%,respectively;log-rank P=0.08).Using Cox proportional hazards models,baseline fasting blood glucose level was associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of NODM(HR:4.56;95%CI:2.83–7.36;P<0.01).Conclusion:Long-term use of moderate rosuvastatin had a similar incidence of NODM compared with atorvastatin in patients with ACS receiving PCI.

高龄老年急性冠脉综合征合并糖尿病患者不同血运重建的预后分析

目的探讨高龄老年糖尿病合并急性冠脉综合征(ACS)多支血管病变(MVD)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)完全(CR)及不完全血运重建(IR)方式对预后的影响。方法回顾性分析2012年6月至2019年12月期间于河南中医药大学附属郑州人民医院接受PCI治疗的糖尿病ACS合并MVD高龄老年患者229例,根据患者接受PCI血运重建方式分为:CR组(92例)和IR组(137例)。分析3年随访主要终点事件(全因死亡、心源性死亡、心肌梗死);次要终点事件为主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)的复合终点事件。结果3年随访期内主要终点事件:IR组全因死亡(18.25%vs.8.69%,P=0.044)、心源性死亡(16.79%vs.7.61%,P=0.044)、心肌梗死(8.33%vs.5.43%,P=0.021),显著高于CR组;次要终点事件:IR组总MACCE事件(56.20%vs.21.73%,P=0.000)、缺血驱动的再次血运重建(18.98%vs.2.24%,P=0.001)、心绞痛复发率(24.09%vs.7.61%,P=0.001)和再次住院率(91.97%vs.13.13%,P=0.000)显著高于CR组。结论高龄老年ACS合并糖尿病MVD患者CR可减少术后MACCE发生率。

残余胆固醇对急性冠脉综合征合并/不合并糖尿病患者远期预后的影响

目的 探究残余胆固醇对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)合并或不合并糖尿病患者远期预后的影响。方法 纳入2017年1月—2019年6月于成都市11家医院就诊的ACS患者,根据是否合并糖尿病分为非糖尿病组和糖尿病组。再根据残余胆固醇水平(临界值0.8 mmol/L)分为残余胆固醇<0.8 mmol/L和残余胆固醇≥0.8 mmol/L两个亚组。进行随访,观察其主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE),包括全因死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、非致死性脑卒中和再次血运重建事件的发生率。分别在非糖尿病和糖尿病患者中,比较残余胆固醇<0.8 mmol/L和残余胆固醇≥0.8 mmol/L两组在随访期间MACCE发生率。结果 本研究纳入ACS患者1 568例:非糖尿病患者1 162例,其中残余胆固醇<0.8 mmol/L组954例,残余胆固醇≥0.8 mmol/L组208例;糖尿病患者406例,其中残余胆固醇<0.8 mmol/L组311例,残余胆固醇≥0.8 mmol/L组95例。中位随访时间为14个月(8个月,21个月)。多因素Cox回归分析显示:非糖尿病患者中,残余胆固醇≥0.8 mmol/L是ACS患者MACCE发生的独立预测因子(HR=1.786,95%CI 1.031~3.094,P=0.039);在糖尿病患者中,残余胆固醇≥0.8 mmol/L不是ACS患者MACCE发生的独立预测因子(HR=0.962,95%CI 0.486~1.904,P=0.912)。结论 残余胆固醇是ACS不合并糖尿病患者远期不良预后的独立预测因子,并不是ACS合并糖尿病患者远期不良预后的独立预测因子。

2型糖尿病合并急性冠状动脉综合征病人C反应蛋白与白蛋白比值同冠状动脉病变程度的相关性

目的:探讨2型糖尿病合并急性冠状动脉综合征病人C反应蛋白(CRP)与白蛋白(ALB)比值同冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。方法:选取2型糖尿病合并急性冠状动脉综合征病人90例作为观察组,另选取同期2型糖尿病病人90例作为对照组,对比2组病人的临床资料,分析2型糖尿病合并急性冠状动脉综合征病人冠状动脉病变程度的影响因素,采用Pearson相关性分析CRP/ALB与2型糖尿病合并急性冠状动脉综合征病人冠状动脉病变程度的相关性。结果:观察组病人CRP、CRP/ALB高于对照组(P<0.01),而ALB则低于对照组(P<0.01)。单因素分析结果显示,观察组中轻度组与中重度组病人CRP、ALB、CRP/ALB、血糖控制、高血压及高血脂等差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。logistic回归分析结果显示,CRP、ALB、CRP/ALB、血糖控制不佳、高血压及高血脂等为2型糖尿病合并急性冠状动脉综合征病人中重度冠状动脉病变的危险因素(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,CRP、CRP/ALB与2型糖尿病合并急性冠状动脉综合征病人冠状动脉病变程度呈正相关关系(P<0.01),ALB与其冠状动脉病变程度呈负相关关系(P<0.01)。结论:CRP/ALB与2型糖尿病合并急性冠状动脉综合征病人冠状动脉病变程度密切相关,其能够较好地反映病人冠状动脉病变程度。

急性冠脉综合征合并2型糖尿病患者PCI术后一年非计划再入院预测模型构建

目的 研究分析急性冠脉综合征合并2型糖尿病患者PCI术后一年内再入院的影响因素,并构建临床预测模型。方法 收集2019年1月~2022年1月就诊于西京医院心血管内科的急性冠脉综合征合并2型糖尿病,且行PCI后顺利出院患者的病历资料。依据患者在出院后一年内是否因主要不良心血管事件再入院分为再入院组和未再入院组。多因素Logistic回归分析患者再入院的影响因素,并构建预测模型。结果 多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄(OR=1.064, 95%CI:1.059~1.096)、住院天数(OR=1.109, 95%CI:1.053~1.169)、糖尿病史>20年(OR=2.005, 95%CI:1.346~2.959)、胱抑素C(OR=1.699, 95%CI:1.299~2.239)、射血分数(OR=0.975, 95%CI:0.958~0.992)、多血管病变(OR=1.744, 95%CI:1.270~2.422)和ST/T波改变(OR=1.920, 95%CI:1.419~2.612),是急性冠脉综合征合并2型糖尿病患者PCI术后一年内再入院的影响因素。基于多因素Logistic回归分析结果构建急性冠脉综合征合并2型糖尿病患者PCI术后一年内再入院的风险预测列线图模型,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.787 4(95%CI:0.759 7~0.815 2)。结论 年龄、住院天数、糖尿病史>20年、胱抑素C、射血分数、多血管病变和ST/T波改变是急性冠脉综合征合并2型糖尿病患者PCI术后一年内再入院的危险因素。临床预测模型评价显示具有较好的区分度和校准度,可作为临床早期预测再入院风险的工具。

血浆脂蛋白a载脂蛋白A-I/载脂蛋白B比值在急性冠脉综合征合并2型糖尿病患者多支病变及严重冠状动脉病变中的预测价值

目的分析急性冠脉综合征(ACS)合并2型糖尿病患者血浆脂蛋白a[lipoprotein(a),Lp(a)]及载脂蛋白A-I/载脂蛋白B(apolipoprotein A-I/apolipoprotein B,ApoA-I/ApoB)比值变化与临床特点。方法选取自2022年1月至2023年3月进行治疗的ACS患者213例,观察组(74例)为ACS合并2型糖尿病患者,对照组(139例)为单纯ACS患者,对2组Lp(a)及ApoA-I/ApoB比值进行分析。结果观察组体质指数及有高血压史构成比均高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组中多支病变组Lp(a)水平高于单支病变组及双支病变组(P<0.05),多支病变组ApoA-I/ApoB比值低于单支病变组及多支病变组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组多支病变组Lp(a)水平高于单支病变组及双支病变组,ApoA-I/ApoB比值低于单支病变组及多支病变组(P<0.05)。观察组Gensini积分亚组中高分组Lp(a)水平高于低分组,ApoA-I/ApoB比值低于低分组(P<0.05)。对照组Gensini积分亚组中低分组与高分组Lp(a)水平与ApoA-I/ApoB比值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组GRACE评分亚组中高危组ApoA-I/ApoB比值低于低危组及中危组,Lp(a)值高于低危组及中危组(P<0.05),观察组及对照组组中的低危险以及中危组ApoA-I/ApoB比值、Lp(a)值差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果表明Lp(a)水平升高为ACS合并2型糖尿病患者多支冠状动脉病变的危险因素,ApoA-I/ApoB比值升高均为ACS合并2型糖尿病患者多支冠状动脉病变及冠状动脉狭窄程度的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论检测Lp(a)水平及ApoA-I/ApoB比值能够为临床预测ACS患者合并2型糖尿病多支与严重冠状动脉病变提供指导。

Predictive value of HbA1c level for in-hospital acute coronary syndrome patients with diabetes

Background Diabetes mellitus （DM） is the major risk factor of coronary artery disease （CAD）, and the control status of blood sugar has direct effect on the prognosis of CAD. HbAlc is the important parameter reflect- ing control status of blood sugar, however, it is unclear about the value of in-hospital HbAlc in patients with a- cute coronary syndrome （ACS）. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 236 in-hospital diabetic patients with ACS. Patients were stratified into two groups according to HbAlc level when admission （Well con- trolled group （HbAlc ~〈7.0%） and High HbAlc group （HbAlc 〉 7.0%）; major adverse cardiovascular events （MACE） group and Non-MACE group）. In-hospital MACE and mortality were set as the observation target. Results 282 patients （112 in Well controlled group and 170 in High HbAlc group） were enrolled, of which 146 （51.77%）, 63 （23.34%）, and 73 （25.89%） patients respectively had unstable angina （UA）, non-ST-seg- ment elevation myocardial infarction （NSTEM[）, and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction （STEMI）. In- hospital all-cause mortality and in-hospital MACE were both similar in Well controlled group and High HbAlc group （6.25% vs. 7.06% and 15.18% vs. 16.47%, P 〉 0.05）. In MACEs, cardiac death （4.46% vs. 5.29%）, recurrent myocardial infarction （2.68% vs. 2.94%）, hemorrhage events （5.35% vs. 5.29%）, malignant arrhyth- mia （6.25% vs. 5.29%）, cardiac shock （4.46% vs. 4.12%）, acute heart failure （8.93% vs. 10.0%）, revascu- larization （4.46% vs. 5.29%） were also all similar in both two groups. In addition, there were no significant dif- ference in HbAlc level between MACE group and Non-MACE group. Single-factor logistic regression analysis showed that HbAlc was not a risk factor for in-hospital MACE （P 〉 0.05）. Conclusion The present study suggests that admission HbAlc is not the risk factor of in-hospital MACE in ACS patients with diabetes.

斑点追踪分层应变技术评估急性冠状动脉综合征合并糖尿病患者左室心肌分层应变及其与甘油三酯葡萄糖指数的相关性

目的应用斑点追踪分层应变技术评价急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)合并糖尿病(DM)患者左室心肌分层应变,分析甘油三酯葡萄糖(TyG)指数与分层应变参数的相关性。方法选取我院ACS并行冠状动脉造影的患者76例,根据是否合并DM分为单纯ACS组和ACS合并DM组,每组各38例,另选同期健康体检者22例为对照组。应用常规超声心动图测量左室射血分数(LVEF)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD);斑点追踪分层应变技术分别测量左室心内膜下、中层、心外膜下心肌整体纵向应变(GLSendo、GLSmid、GLSepi);实验室检查获取TyG指数,比较各组上述参数的差异。采用Pearson相关分析法、岭回归分析法分析TyG指数与GLSendo、GLSmid、GLSepi的相关性;同时分析观察者间和观察者内测量心肌分层应变参数的一致性。结果与单纯ACS组和对照组比较,ACS合并DM组TyG指数明显升高(均P<0.05)。与对照组比较,单纯ACS组GLSendo及ACS合并DM组LVEF、LVEDD、GLSendo、GLSmid、GLSepi均减低(均P<0.05);与单纯ACS组比较,ACS合并DM组LVEDD、GLSendo、GLSmid、GLSepi均减低(均P<0.05)。相关性分析和岭回归分析显示TyG指数与GLSendo、GLSmid、GLSepi均呈正相关,回归方程为:Y=0.432+0.185X1+0.321X2+0.456X3,Y为TyG指数,X1、X2、X3分别为GLSendo、GLSmid、GLSepi。一致性分析显示,观察者间和观察者内测量GLSendo、GLSmid、GLSepi的一致性均良好(组内相关系数均>0.8)。结论应用斑点追踪分层应变技术可以定量评估ACS合并DM患者左室心肌分层应变,且TyG指数与分层应变参数具有相关性。

急性冠脉综合征合并2型糖尿病患者冠脉病变与中性粒细胞与高密度脂蛋白比值、单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白比值的相关性研究

目的:探讨急性冠脉综合征(acute coronary syndrome,ACS)合并2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者冠状动脉病变程度与中性粒细胞与高密度脂蛋白比值(neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein ratio,NHR)、单核细胞与高密度脂蛋白比值(monocyte to high-density lipoprotein ratio,MHR)的相关性。方法:选取2019年6月-2021年6月于包头市中心医院住院经冠状动脉造影确诊为ACS合并T2DM患者(151例),并按照冠脉病变程度将ACS合并T2DM组分为轻度组(Gensini评分≤40分)(69例)和重度组(Gensini评分>40分)(82例)。结果:NHR、MHR在重度组中高于轻度组,差异有统计学意义,ACS合并T2DM组MNR、NHR与Gensini评分呈正相关。多因素Logistic分析发现NHR升高是ACS合并T2DM冠脉病变严重程度的危险因素。绘制ROC曲线NHR预测ACS合并T2DM患者冠脉病变程度的最佳值为5.276,灵敏度是61.0%,特异度是94.2%,曲线下面积为0.726。结论:ACS合并T2DM患者冠脉病变程度与NHR、MHR呈正相关。

不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀治疗急性冠脉综合征合并T2DM的效果

目的探究不同剂量瑞舒伐他汀应用于急性冠脉综合征(ACS)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)的治疗效果。方法选取ACS合并T2DM患者156例,按照随机数字表法随机均分为观察组和对照组,对照组给予常规药物瑞舒伐他汀治疗(剂量为10 mg/晚),观察组在对照组常规治疗基础上给予瑞舒伐他汀治疗(剂量为20 mg/晚);于服药前、服药后4周时检测两组患者总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及肌酐水平,统计患者血脂达标率,并计算肾小球滤过率(eGFR);于服药前,服药后1周、2周、4周时,应用酶联免疫吸附法测定血管细胞黏附分子1(VCAM-1)、细胞间黏附分子1(ICAM-1)和凝血酶原激活物抑制物(PAI-1)水平;治疗后定期随访12周,记录两组患者心肾不良事件并发症发生情况。结果两组患者服药前血脂水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后4周时,观察组TC、TG、LDL-C水平均低于对照组,观察组血脂达标率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者服药后4周时,eGFR水平较服药前降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);服药前与服药后4周时,两组患者eGFR水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);服药后1周、2周、4周时,观察组VCAM-1、ICAM-1、PAI-1水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组心肾不良事件并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论20 mg剂量瑞舒伐他汀相较于10 mg用药治疗ACS合并T2DM可提高血脂达标率,减少心肾不良事件发生。