In this editorial,we comment on the article by Liu et al.Based on our analysis of a case report,we consider that early screening and recognition of primary nasal tuberculosis are crucial for patients undergoing treatm...In this editorial,we comment on the article by Liu et al.Based on our analysis of a case report,we consider that early screening and recognition of primary nasal tuberculosis are crucial for patients undergoing treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitor(TNFi).While TNFi therapy increases the risk of reactivating latent tuberculosis,primary nasal tuberculosis remains rare due to the protective mechanisms of the nasal mucosa.Risk factors for primary nasal tuberculosis include minimally invasive nasal surgery,diabetes,and human immunodefi ciency virus.Patients with early symptoms such as nasal congestion,rhinorrhea,altered olfaction,epistaxis,or ulceration,and unresponsive to conventional antibiotics and antihistamines should undergo early rhinoscopy,possibly followed by repeated tissue biopsies and acid-fast bacilli culture when necessary.When diagnosis is challenging,it is essential to consider local tuberculosis epidemiology and the efficacy of diagnostic antituberculosis treatment.The preferred method for tuberculosis screening is the Interferon Gamma Release Assay,with a general recommendation for screening at 3 and 6 months after initial treatment and then every six months.However,the optimal frequency is not yet consensus-driven and may be increased in economically viable settings.展开更多
Immunohistochemistry was used to detect tumor necrosis factor (TNF α) expression in arterial wall of diabetic rats. It was found that endothelial cells were swollen and markedly proliferative in these vessels and ac...Immunohistochemistry was used to detect tumor necrosis factor (TNF α) expression in arterial wall of diabetic rats. It was found that endothelial cells were swollen and markedly proliferative in these vessels and accordingly TNF α showed strong positive immunohistochemical reaction in endothelial cells or extracellular intimal matrix of such vessels, which might be caused by the expression and release of TNF α from monocytes and arterial wall cells stimulated by AGEs. These findings suggested that increased TNF α expression might be associated with vascular damage and remodeling in diabetes.展开更多
Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of end-stage renal disease （ESRD） in the general population. It is estimated that diabetic nephropathy will eventually develop in about 40% of all patients with diabetes; theref...Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of end-stage renal disease （ESRD） in the general population. It is estimated that diabetic nephropathy will eventually develop in about 40% of all patients with diabetes; therefore, prevention is critical for delaying the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease. Despite extensive efforts, medical advances are still not successful enough to prevent the progression of the disease. In the present study, we focused on the comparison of combination therapies and whether they offered additional renoprotection. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneally administering streptozotocin （90 mg/kg） in neonatal rats and then these rats were treated with rosiglitazone （1.0 mg/kg） in combination with glimepiride （0.5 mg/kg） or with pioglitazone （2.5 mg/kg） in combination with glimepiride （0.5 mg/kg）. Diabetic nephropathy markers were evaluated by biochemical and ELISA kits and renal structural changes were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results show that the combination of pioglitazone with glimepiride is more effective in amelioration of diabetic nephropathy than rosiglitazone with glimepiride drug therapy due to glycemic control, suppressing albumin excretion rate, total protein excretion rate and augmented TNF-α signaling during the development of streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic nephropathy.展开更多
Background Many cytokines have been found to increase the insulin resistance during pregnancy complicated by glucose metabolism disorder. This study aimed to investigate which comes first, the changes of some cytokine...Background Many cytokines have been found to increase the insulin resistance during pregnancy complicated by glucose metabolism disorder. This study aimed to investigate which comes first, the changes of some cytokines or the abnormal glucose metabolism. Methods This nested case-control study was undertaken from January 2004 to March 2005. Twenty-two women with gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM）, 10 with gestational impaired glucose tolerance （GIGT）, and 20 healthy pregnant women were chosen from the women who had visited the antenatal clinics and had blood samples prospectively taken and kept during their visit. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, leptin and adiponectin were determined. One-way ANOVA analysis and bivariate correlation analysis were used to assess the laboratory results and their relationship with body mass index （BMI）. Results Women with GDM have the highest values of TNF-α and leptin and the lowest value of adiponectin compared with those with GIGT and the healthy controls （P 〈0.01） at 14-20 weeks of gestation. This was also found when these women progressed to 24-32 weeks. The significantly increased levels of TNF-α and leptin and the decreased level of adiponectin were found at the different periods of gestation within the same group. Positive correlation was shown between the levels of TNF-α and leptin at the two periods of gestation with the BMI at 14-20 weeks, while adiponectin was negatively correlated （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions The concentrations of TNF-α, leptin and adiponectin may change before the appearance of the abnormal glucose level during pregnancy. Further studies are required to verify the mechanism of this alteration and whether the three cytokines can be predictors for GDM at an early staqe of preqnancy.展开更多
Objective: To study the changes of endothelin (ET), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) before and after puerarin treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus vascular complications (DMVC). Methods: Ninety-eight DMVC pa...Objective: To study the changes of endothelin (ET), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) before and after puerarin treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus vascular complications (DMVC). Methods: Ninety-eight DMVC patients were divided into 2 groups, they were given puerarin (n=68) and normal saline (n=30) respectively, 20 diabetic patients without vascular complications (NDMVC) were taken as control, who were also given puerarin. All the patients were treated on the basis of controlling blood glucose. Plasma ET and serum TNF-α were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) before and after treatment. Results: Plasma ET and serum TNF-α in DMVC got higher than that of NDMVC patients (P<0.05), and ET level was correlated with TNF-α (r=0.69, r=0.73, P<0.01). After treatment, the levels of ET and TNF-α were significantly lower than those before treatment of DMVC patients with puerarin (P<0.05). Conclusion: Puerarin could regulate the levels of plasma ET and serum TNF-α of DMVC patients, suggesting that it has the function of regulating endothelial cells.展开更多
AIM: To examine the contribution of toll-like receptors(TLRs) expression and activation to the prolonged inflammation often seen in human diabetic wounds.METHODS: Debridement wound tissue was collected from diabetic p...AIM: To examine the contribution of toll-like receptors(TLRs) expression and activation to the prolonged inflammation often seen in human diabetic wounds.METHODS: Debridement wound tissue was collected from diabetic patients with informed consent. Total RNA and protein were isolated and subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. RESULTS: TLR1, 2, 4, and 6 mRNA expressions were increased significantly in wounds of diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic wounds(P 【 0.05). MyD88 protein expression was significantly increased in diabetic wounds compared to non-diabetic wounds. Interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration nuclear factor-kappa B activation, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were increased in diabetic wounds compared to non-diabetic wounds(P 【 0.01). CONCLUSION: Collectively, our novel findings show that increased TLR expression, signaling, and activation may contribute to the hyper inflammation in the human diabetic wounds.展开更多
目的研究孕早期妇女血清补体C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白6(C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 6,CTRP6)的表达水平,探讨其与妊娠糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)的关系。方法前瞻性连续选取2021年3月至2022年3月在郑...目的研究孕早期妇女血清补体C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白6(C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 6,CTRP6)的表达水平,探讨其与妊娠糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)的关系。方法前瞻性连续选取2021年3月至2022年3月在郑州大学第二附属医院门诊产检的孕10~13周孕妇,收集孕妇的年龄、身高、体质量、末次月经时间,检测孕早期总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(fasting insulin,FINS)、CTRP6水平,计算孕前体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、基线BMI、产前BMI和胰岛素抵抗指数(亦称胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估,homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance,HOMA-IR)。所有孕妇均于孕24~28周行75g口服葡萄糖耐量试验,根据试验结果分为GDM组和糖耐量正常(normal glucose tolerance,NGT)组。比较两组孕妇孕早期的临床资料及实验室指标,分析孕早期血清CTRP6与各指标的相关性及其与GDM的关系。结果共纳入孕妇213例,完整随访203例,其中52例孕妇被诊断为GDM,GDM发病率25.62%。GDM组孕妇的孕早期血清CTRP6、年龄、孕前BMI、基线BMI、产前BMI、TC、LDL、FPG、HbA1c、FINS、HOMA-IR均较NGT组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕早期CTRP6与年龄、孕前BMI、基线BMI、产前BMI、TG、LDL、FPG、HbA1c、FINS、HOMA-IR呈正相关,与HDL呈负相关(P<0.05)。校正年龄、BMI、糖脂代谢指标及HOMA-IR后,孕早期CTRP6为GDM发病的独立影响因素。结论孕早期血清CTRP6升高与GDM相关,是GDM的独立危险因素。展开更多
文摘In this editorial,we comment on the article by Liu et al.Based on our analysis of a case report,we consider that early screening and recognition of primary nasal tuberculosis are crucial for patients undergoing treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitor(TNFi).While TNFi therapy increases the risk of reactivating latent tuberculosis,primary nasal tuberculosis remains rare due to the protective mechanisms of the nasal mucosa.Risk factors for primary nasal tuberculosis include minimally invasive nasal surgery,diabetes,and human immunodefi ciency virus.Patients with early symptoms such as nasal congestion,rhinorrhea,altered olfaction,epistaxis,or ulceration,and unresponsive to conventional antibiotics and antihistamines should undergo early rhinoscopy,possibly followed by repeated tissue biopsies and acid-fast bacilli culture when necessary.When diagnosis is challenging,it is essential to consider local tuberculosis epidemiology and the efficacy of diagnostic antituberculosis treatment.The preferred method for tuberculosis screening is the Interferon Gamma Release Assay,with a general recommendation for screening at 3 and 6 months after initial treatment and then every six months.However,the optimal frequency is not yet consensus-driven and may be increased in economically viable settings.
文摘Immunohistochemistry was used to detect tumor necrosis factor (TNF α) expression in arterial wall of diabetic rats. It was found that endothelial cells were swollen and markedly proliferative in these vessels and accordingly TNF α showed strong positive immunohistochemical reaction in endothelial cells or extracellular intimal matrix of such vessels, which might be caused by the expression and release of TNF α from monocytes and arterial wall cells stimulated by AGEs. These findings suggested that increased TNF α expression might be associated with vascular damage and remodeling in diabetes.
文摘Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of end-stage renal disease （ESRD） in the general population. It is estimated that diabetic nephropathy will eventually develop in about 40% of all patients with diabetes; therefore, prevention is critical for delaying the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease. Despite extensive efforts, medical advances are still not successful enough to prevent the progression of the disease. In the present study, we focused on the comparison of combination therapies and whether they offered additional renoprotection. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by intraperitoneally administering streptozotocin （90 mg/kg） in neonatal rats and then these rats were treated with rosiglitazone （1.0 mg/kg） in combination with glimepiride （0.5 mg/kg） or with pioglitazone （2.5 mg/kg） in combination with glimepiride （0.5 mg/kg）. Diabetic nephropathy markers were evaluated by biochemical and ELISA kits and renal structural changes were examined by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results show that the combination of pioglitazone with glimepiride is more effective in amelioration of diabetic nephropathy than rosiglitazone with glimepiride drug therapy due to glycemic control, suppressing albumin excretion rate, total protein excretion rate and augmented TNF-α signaling during the development of streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
文摘Background Many cytokines have been found to increase the insulin resistance during pregnancy complicated by glucose metabolism disorder. This study aimed to investigate which comes first, the changes of some cytokines or the abnormal glucose metabolism. Methods This nested case-control study was undertaken from January 2004 to March 2005. Twenty-two women with gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM）, 10 with gestational impaired glucose tolerance （GIGT）, and 20 healthy pregnant women were chosen from the women who had visited the antenatal clinics and had blood samples prospectively taken and kept during their visit. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, leptin and adiponectin were determined. One-way ANOVA analysis and bivariate correlation analysis were used to assess the laboratory results and their relationship with body mass index （BMI）. Results Women with GDM have the highest values of TNF-α and leptin and the lowest value of adiponectin compared with those with GIGT and the healthy controls （P 〈0.01） at 14-20 weeks of gestation. This was also found when these women progressed to 24-32 weeks. The significantly increased levels of TNF-α and leptin and the decreased level of adiponectin were found at the different periods of gestation within the same group. Positive correlation was shown between the levels of TNF-α and leptin at the two periods of gestation with the BMI at 14-20 weeks, while adiponectin was negatively correlated （P 〈0.05）. Conclusions The concentrations of TNF-α, leptin and adiponectin may change before the appearance of the abnormal glucose level during pregnancy. Further studies are required to verify the mechanism of this alteration and whether the three cytokines can be predictors for GDM at an early staqe of preqnancy.
文摘Objective: To study the changes of endothelin (ET), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) before and after puerarin treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus vascular complications (DMVC). Methods: Ninety-eight DMVC patients were divided into 2 groups, they were given puerarin (n=68) and normal saline (n=30) respectively, 20 diabetic patients without vascular complications (NDMVC) were taken as control, who were also given puerarin. All the patients were treated on the basis of controlling blood glucose. Plasma ET and serum TNF-α were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) before and after treatment. Results: Plasma ET and serum TNF-α in DMVC got higher than that of NDMVC patients (P<0.05), and ET level was correlated with TNF-α (r=0.69, r=0.73, P<0.01). After treatment, the levels of ET and TNF-α were significantly lower than those before treatment of DMVC patients with puerarin (P<0.05). Conclusion: Puerarin could regulate the levels of plasma ET and serum TNF-α of DMVC patients, suggesting that it has the function of regulating endothelial cells.
文摘AIM: To examine the contribution of toll-like receptors(TLRs) expression and activation to the prolonged inflammation often seen in human diabetic wounds.METHODS: Debridement wound tissue was collected from diabetic patients with informed consent. Total RNA and protein were isolated and subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses. RESULTS: TLR1, 2, 4, and 6 mRNA expressions were increased significantly in wounds of diabetic patients compared with non-diabetic wounds(P 【 0.05). MyD88 protein expression was significantly increased in diabetic wounds compared to non-diabetic wounds. Interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha concentration nuclear factor-kappa B activation, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were increased in diabetic wounds compared to non-diabetic wounds(P 【 0.01). CONCLUSION: Collectively, our novel findings show that increased TLR expression, signaling, and activation may contribute to the hyper inflammation in the human diabetic wounds.
文摘目的研究孕早期妇女血清补体C1q/肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白6(C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 6,CTRP6)的表达水平,探讨其与妊娠糖尿病(gestational diabetes mellitus,GDM)的关系。方法前瞻性连续选取2021年3月至2022年3月在郑州大学第二附属医院门诊产检的孕10~13周孕妇,收集孕妇的年龄、身高、体质量、末次月经时间,检测孕早期总胆固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein,LDL)、空腹血糖(fasting plasma glucose,FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(fasting insulin,FINS)、CTRP6水平,计算孕前体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、基线BMI、产前BMI和胰岛素抵抗指数(亦称胰岛素抵抗的稳态模型评估,homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance,HOMA-IR)。所有孕妇均于孕24~28周行75g口服葡萄糖耐量试验,根据试验结果分为GDM组和糖耐量正常(normal glucose tolerance,NGT)组。比较两组孕妇孕早期的临床资料及实验室指标,分析孕早期血清CTRP6与各指标的相关性及其与GDM的关系。结果共纳入孕妇213例,完整随访203例,其中52例孕妇被诊断为GDM,GDM发病率25.62%。GDM组孕妇的孕早期血清CTRP6、年龄、孕前BMI、基线BMI、产前BMI、TC、LDL、FPG、HbA1c、FINS、HOMA-IR均较NGT组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。孕早期CTRP6与年龄、孕前BMI、基线BMI、产前BMI、TG、LDL、FPG、HbA1c、FINS、HOMA-IR呈正相关,与HDL呈负相关(P<0.05)。校正年龄、BMI、糖脂代谢指标及HOMA-IR后,孕早期CTRP6为GDM发病的独立影响因素。结论孕早期血清CTRP6升高与GDM相关,是GDM的独立危险因素。
