Objective： To observe the effect of electroacupuncture（EA） at Zusanli（ST 36） on the gastrointestinal motility and the ultrastructures of pacemaker cells [the interstitial cells of Cajal（ICC）] in diabetic gastro...Objective： To observe the effect of electroacupuncture（EA） at Zusanli（ST 36） on the gastrointestinal motility and the ultrastructures of pacemaker cells [the interstitial cells of Cajal（ICC）] in diabetic gastroparesis（DGP） rats and explore the mechanism of EA for DGP.Methods： A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley（SD） rats were randomly divided into group A, group B, group C, group D and group E, with 10 rats in each group. Group A was the blank control; a single intraperitoneal injection of 2% streptozotocin（STZ） was performed in rats of group B, group C, group D and group E, with high glucose and high fat diet for 8 weeks to establish the DGP rat models. Group B was the model group and the rats did not receive any treatment; group C was EA at acupoint group and the rats received EA at Zusanli（ST 36）, Liangmen（ST 21） and Sanyinjiao（SP 6）; group D was EA at non-acupoint group and the rats received EA at the control points of Zusanli（ST 36）, Liangmen（ST 21） and Sanyinjiao（SP 6）; group E was metoclopramide group and the rats were treated by intragastric administration of metoclopramide. Blood glucose was detected using ONE TOUCH blood glucose meter; gastric emptying rate and small intestine migration rate were measured using intragastric phenol red; ultrastructures of gastric antrum ICC were detected by transmission electron microscopy. Results： The differences of blood glucose between group B, group C, group D, group E versus that of group A were statistically significant after modeling（P〈0.01）; after treatment, the differences of blood glucose between group D, group E versus that of group C were statistically significant（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）; the gastric emptying rate of rats in group B was statistically significant different from that in group A（P〈0.01）; the gastric emptying rate of rats in group C was statistically significant different from that in group B（P〈0.01）. The migration rates of rats＇ small intestines in group B, group C, group D and group E were all statistically significant different from that in group A（P〈0.01）; the migration rate of rats＇ small intestines in group C was statistically significant different from that in group B（P〈0.01）. The ultrastructure of rat＇s ICC in group B showed apoptosis compared with that in group A; rat‘s ICC in group C had complete basement membrane, more cytoplasm mitochondria, Golgi and rough endoplasmic reticulum, showing clear structure, occasional mitochondria swelling and gap junctions with adjacent smooth muscle cells; there were no significant differences between group D, group E versus group B. Conclusion： EA at Zusanli（ST 36） plus other acupoints can regulate the blood glucose and promote gastrointestinal motility in DGP rats, and the mechanism may be related to repairing the damaged ICC structure.展开更多
Objective： To explore the action mechanism of electroacupuncture （EA） in improving the gastric motility of rats with diabetic gastroparesis （DGP）. Methods： Forty-eight healthy Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were ran...Objective： To explore the action mechanism of electroacupuncture （EA） in improving the gastric motility of rats with diabetic gastroparesis （DGP）. Methods： Forty-eight healthy Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly assigned into four groups： a normal group （group A）, a model group （group B）, a group of EA at acupoints （group C）, and a group of EA at non-acupoints （group D）, 12 rats in each group. The animal model of DGP was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （STZ） plus high glucose and fat diet. The blood glucose, urine glucose and gastric emptying rate （GER） were observed. The content of insulin （INS） in serum and ghrelin in gastric antrum tissue were detected by enzyme linked immunoassay （ELISA）. The expression of growth hormone secretagogue receptor mRNA （GHSR mRNA） in gastric antrum tissue was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Results：Compared with group A, blood glucose and urine glucose increased significantly （P〈0.01）, GER, content of serum insulin, the content of ghrelin and expression of GHSR mRNA in gastric antrum tissue decreased significantly （P〈0.05 orP〈0.01） in group B. Compared with group B, blood glucose and urine glucose decreased significantly （P〈0.05）, GER, the content of insulin in serum, the content of ghrelin and expression of GHSR mRNA in gastric antrum tissue increased significantly （P〈0.05 orP〈0.01） in group C. Conclusion： EA at acupoints can down-regulate the content of blood and urine sugar, and promote gastric emptying, which is possibly related to the regulation of serum insulin, and the expressions of ghrelin and GHSR mRNA in gastric antrum.展开更多
Objective： To observe the effect of electroacupuncture（EA） on the electrogastrogram and gastric antrum ghrelin in rats with diabetic gastroparesis（DGP）.Methods： Fifty Sprague-Dawley（SD） rats were randomly divi...Objective： To observe the effect of electroacupuncture（EA） on the electrogastrogram and gastric antrum ghrelin in rats with diabetic gastroparesis（DGP）.Methods： Fifty Sprague-Dawley（SD） rats were randomly divided into group A, group B, group C, group D and group E,10 rats in each group. Group A was the blank control group without intervention. Group B, Group C, Group D and Group E were treated with single dose intraperitoneal injection of 2% streptozotocin（STZ）, combined with 8-week high glucose and high fat diet to establish DGP rat models. Group B was the model group without treatment. Group C was the EA at acupoint group, was treated with EA at Zusanli（ST 36）, Liangmen（ST 21） and Sanyinjiao（SP 6）. Group D was the EA at non-acupoint group, was treated by EA at the control points of Zusanli（ST 36）, Liangmen（ST 21） and Sanyinjiao（SP 6）. Rats in the metoclopramide control group received 1.7% metoclopramide solution [10 mL/（kg·bw）] by gavage. Rat＇s blood glucose level was measured by blood glucose meter; gastric emptying rate was detected using phenol red as a marker; the electrogastrogram was detected by BL-420 F biological function system; the protein level of ghrelin was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）; the expression of ghrelin mRNA was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）.Results： Compared with group A, the blood glucose of group B, C, D and E were significantly increased before and after the treatment（all P〈0.01）; after treatment, the gastric emptying rate of group B was significantly decreased（P〈0.01）,the migration rates of small intestine in group B, C, D and E were significantly lower（all P〈0.01）, and the protein content of ghrelin in group C was significantly decreased（P〈0.01）; the expressions of ghrelin mRNA were significantly increased in group B, C, D and E（all P〈0.01）, the mean amplitudes of electrogastrogram in group B and D were significantly decreased（both P〈0.01）. After treatment, compared with group B, the blood glucose of group C was significantly decreased（P〈0.05）, the gastric emptying rate and small intestine migration rate were significantly increased in group C and E（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）, the small intestinal migration rate was significantly increased in group D（P〈0.05）, the expression of ghrelin in protein and mRNA in group C was significantly lower（P〈0.01）, the expression of ghrelin mRNA in group E was significantly lower（P〈0.05）, and the mean amplitude of electrogastrogram in group C was significantly increased（P〈0.05）. After treatment, compared with group D, the protein and mRNA expressions of ghrelin in group C were significantly decreased（P〈0.01）. After treatment, compared with group E, the protein expression of ghrelin in group C was significantly decreased（P〈0.01）.Conclusion： EA at Zusanli（ST 36）, Liangmen（ST 21） and Sanyinjiao（SP 6） could regulate the blood glucose level of DGP model rats, enhance electrogastrogram activity, promote gastric emptying, and regulate ghrelin expression in protein and mRNA.展开更多
Objective： To observe the effect of point-moxibustion on gastrointestinal motility, mRNA and protein expressions of ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor la （GHSR-la） in lateral septal nucleus of rats wi...Objective： To observe the effect of point-moxibustion on gastrointestinal motility, mRNA and protein expressions of ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor la （GHSR-la） in lateral septal nucleus of rats with diabetic 8astroparesis （DGP）, and to investigate the central regulatory mechanism of DGP treatment with point-moxibustion. Methods： Forty SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, an electroacupuncture （EA） group and a point-moxibustion group, with 10 rats in each group. A DGP rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 2% streptozotocin （STZ） with 8-week irregular high-sugar and high-fat diet in the model group, the EA group and the point-moxibustion group, and rats in the blank group were injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 mmoL/L （pH 4.5） citric acid-sodium citrate buffer with 8-week normal diet. Eight weeks later, rats in the EA group were treated by EA at Zusanli （ST 36）, Liangmen （ST 21） and Sanyinjiao （SP 6）; while rats in the point-moxibustion group were treated by point-moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36）, Liangmen （ST 21） and Sanyinjiao （SP 6） for successive 15 d. Rats in the blank group and the model group were fixed as the control without intervention. After treatment, intestinal propulsion rate and gastric emptying rate were measured. The mRNA and protein expressions of ghrelin and GHSR-la in the lateral septal nucleus were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blot （WB）. Results： Compared with the blank group, the intestinal propulsion rate and gastric emptying rate of the model group were significantly lower （both P〈0.01）; compared with the model group, the intestinal propulsion rate and gastric emptying rate of the EA group and the point-moxibustion group increased significantly （all P〈0.05）. The mRNA and protein expressions of ghrelin and GHSR-la were lower in the model group than those in the blank group （all P〈0.01）. The mRNA and protein expressions of ghrelin and GHSR-Ia were significantly higher in the EA group and the point-moxibustion group than those in the model group （all P〈0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences between the EA group and the point-moxibustion group （all P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Point-moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36）, Liangmen （ST 21） and Sanyinjiao （SP 6） can increase the intestinal propulsion rate and gastric emptying rate of DGP rats, and promote the mRNA and protein expressions of ghrelin and GHSR-la in the central nervous system. The mechanism may be related to the activation of 8hrelin pathway in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus-lateral septal nucleus.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81403487Youth Fund of Hunan Province Education Office,No.14B128~~
文摘Objective： To observe the effect of electroacupuncture（EA） at Zusanli（ST 36） on the gastrointestinal motility and the ultrastructures of pacemaker cells [the interstitial cells of Cajal（ICC）] in diabetic gastroparesis（DGP） rats and explore the mechanism of EA for DGP.Methods： A total of 50 Sprague-Dawley（SD） rats were randomly divided into group A, group B, group C, group D and group E, with 10 rats in each group. Group A was the blank control; a single intraperitoneal injection of 2% streptozotocin（STZ） was performed in rats of group B, group C, group D and group E, with high glucose and high fat diet for 8 weeks to establish the DGP rat models. Group B was the model group and the rats did not receive any treatment; group C was EA at acupoint group and the rats received EA at Zusanli（ST 36）, Liangmen（ST 21） and Sanyinjiao（SP 6）; group D was EA at non-acupoint group and the rats received EA at the control points of Zusanli（ST 36）, Liangmen（ST 21） and Sanyinjiao（SP 6）; group E was metoclopramide group and the rats were treated by intragastric administration of metoclopramide. Blood glucose was detected using ONE TOUCH blood glucose meter; gastric emptying rate and small intestine migration rate were measured using intragastric phenol red; ultrastructures of gastric antrum ICC were detected by transmission electron microscopy. Results： The differences of blood glucose between group B, group C, group D, group E versus that of group A were statistically significant after modeling（P〈0.01）; after treatment, the differences of blood glucose between group D, group E versus that of group C were statistically significant（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）; the gastric emptying rate of rats in group B was statistically significant different from that in group A（P〈0.01）; the gastric emptying rate of rats in group C was statistically significant different from that in group B（P〈0.01）. The migration rates of rats＇ small intestines in group B, group C, group D and group E were all statistically significant different from that in group A（P〈0.01）; the migration rate of rats＇ small intestines in group C was statistically significant different from that in group B（P〈0.01）. The ultrastructure of rat＇s ICC in group B showed apoptosis compared with that in group A; rat‘s ICC in group C had complete basement membrane, more cytoplasm mitochondria, Golgi and rough endoplasmic reticulum, showing clear structure, occasional mitochondria swelling and gap junctions with adjacent smooth muscle cells; there were no significant differences between group D, group E versus group B. Conclusion： EA at Zusanli（ST 36） plus other acupoints can regulate the blood glucose and promote gastrointestinal motility in DGP rats, and the mechanism may be related to repairing the damaged ICC structure.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China No.81403487Youth Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department No.14B128Open Fund Project of Hunan University Innovation Platform No.12K088~~
文摘Objective： To explore the action mechanism of electroacupuncture （EA） in improving the gastric motility of rats with diabetic gastroparesis （DGP）. Methods： Forty-eight healthy Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly assigned into four groups： a normal group （group A）, a model group （group B）, a group of EA at acupoints （group C）, and a group of EA at non-acupoints （group D）, 12 rats in each group. The animal model of DGP was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （STZ） plus high glucose and fat diet. The blood glucose, urine glucose and gastric emptying rate （GER） were observed. The content of insulin （INS） in serum and ghrelin in gastric antrum tissue were detected by enzyme linked immunoassay （ELISA）. The expression of growth hormone secretagogue receptor mRNA （GHSR mRNA） in gastric antrum tissue was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Results：Compared with group A, blood glucose and urine glucose increased significantly （P〈0.01）, GER, content of serum insulin, the content of ghrelin and expression of GHSR mRNA in gastric antrum tissue decreased significantly （P〈0.05 orP〈0.01） in group B. Compared with group B, blood glucose and urine glucose decreased significantly （P〈0.05）, GER, the content of insulin in serum, the content of ghrelin and expression of GHSR mRNA in gastric antrum tissue increased significantly （P〈0.05 orP〈0.01） in group C. Conclusion： EA at acupoints can down-regulate the content of blood and urine sugar, and promote gastric emptying, which is possibly related to the regulation of serum insulin, and the expressions of ghrelin and GHSR mRNA in gastric antrum.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81403487National Basic Research Program of China,No.2014CB543102Youth Fund of Hunan Province Education Office,No.14B128~~
文摘Objective： To observe the effect of electroacupuncture（EA） on the electrogastrogram and gastric antrum ghrelin in rats with diabetic gastroparesis（DGP）.Methods： Fifty Sprague-Dawley（SD） rats were randomly divided into group A, group B, group C, group D and group E,10 rats in each group. Group A was the blank control group without intervention. Group B, Group C, Group D and Group E were treated with single dose intraperitoneal injection of 2% streptozotocin（STZ）, combined with 8-week high glucose and high fat diet to establish DGP rat models. Group B was the model group without treatment. Group C was the EA at acupoint group, was treated with EA at Zusanli（ST 36）, Liangmen（ST 21） and Sanyinjiao（SP 6）. Group D was the EA at non-acupoint group, was treated by EA at the control points of Zusanli（ST 36）, Liangmen（ST 21） and Sanyinjiao（SP 6）. Rats in the metoclopramide control group received 1.7% metoclopramide solution [10 mL/（kg·bw）] by gavage. Rat＇s blood glucose level was measured by blood glucose meter; gastric emptying rate was detected using phenol red as a marker; the electrogastrogram was detected by BL-420 F biological function system; the protein level of ghrelin was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）; the expression of ghrelin mRNA was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction（RT-PCR）.Results： Compared with group A, the blood glucose of group B, C, D and E were significantly increased before and after the treatment（all P〈0.01）; after treatment, the gastric emptying rate of group B was significantly decreased（P〈0.01）,the migration rates of small intestine in group B, C, D and E were significantly lower（all P〈0.01）, and the protein content of ghrelin in group C was significantly decreased（P〈0.01）; the expressions of ghrelin mRNA were significantly increased in group B, C, D and E（all P〈0.01）, the mean amplitudes of electrogastrogram in group B and D were significantly decreased（both P〈0.01）. After treatment, compared with group B, the blood glucose of group C was significantly decreased（P〈0.05）, the gastric emptying rate and small intestine migration rate were significantly increased in group C and E（P〈0.05, P〈0.01）, the small intestinal migration rate was significantly increased in group D（P〈0.05）, the expression of ghrelin in protein and mRNA in group C was significantly lower（P〈0.01）, the expression of ghrelin mRNA in group E was significantly lower（P〈0.05）, and the mean amplitude of electrogastrogram in group C was significantly increased（P〈0.05）. After treatment, compared with group D, the protein and mRNA expressions of ghrelin in group C were significantly decreased（P〈0.01）. After treatment, compared with group E, the protein expression of ghrelin in group C was significantly decreased（P〈0.01）.Conclusion： EA at Zusanli（ST 36）, Liangmen（ST 21） and Sanyinjiao（SP 6） could regulate the blood glucose level of DGP model rats, enhance electrogastrogram activity, promote gastric emptying, and regulate ghrelin expression in protein and mRNA.
文摘Objective： To observe the effect of point-moxibustion on gastrointestinal motility, mRNA and protein expressions of ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor la （GHSR-la） in lateral septal nucleus of rats with diabetic 8astroparesis （DGP）, and to investigate the central regulatory mechanism of DGP treatment with point-moxibustion. Methods： Forty SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley （SD） rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, an electroacupuncture （EA） group and a point-moxibustion group, with 10 rats in each group. A DGP rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of 2% streptozotocin （STZ） with 8-week irregular high-sugar and high-fat diet in the model group, the EA group and the point-moxibustion group, and rats in the blank group were injected intraperitoneally with 0.1 mmoL/L （pH 4.5） citric acid-sodium citrate buffer with 8-week normal diet. Eight weeks later, rats in the EA group were treated by EA at Zusanli （ST 36）, Liangmen （ST 21） and Sanyinjiao （SP 6）; while rats in the point-moxibustion group were treated by point-moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36）, Liangmen （ST 21） and Sanyinjiao （SP 6） for successive 15 d. Rats in the blank group and the model group were fixed as the control without intervention. After treatment, intestinal propulsion rate and gastric emptying rate were measured. The mRNA and protein expressions of ghrelin and GHSR-la in the lateral septal nucleus were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and Western blot （WB）. Results： Compared with the blank group, the intestinal propulsion rate and gastric emptying rate of the model group were significantly lower （both P〈0.01）; compared with the model group, the intestinal propulsion rate and gastric emptying rate of the EA group and the point-moxibustion group increased significantly （all P〈0.05）. The mRNA and protein expressions of ghrelin and GHSR-la were lower in the model group than those in the blank group （all P〈0.01）. The mRNA and protein expressions of ghrelin and GHSR-Ia were significantly higher in the EA group and the point-moxibustion group than those in the model group （all P〈0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences between the EA group and the point-moxibustion group （all P〉0.05）. Conclusion： Point-moxibustion at Zusanli （ST 36）, Liangmen （ST 21） and Sanyinjiao （SP 6） can increase the intestinal propulsion rate and gastric emptying rate of DGP rats, and promote the mRNA and protein expressions of ghrelin and GHSR-la in the central nervous system. The mechanism may be related to the activation of 8hrelin pathway in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus-lateral septal nucleus.
