Update on pre-diabetes: Focus on diagnostic criteria and cardiovascular risk

Pre-diabetes, which is typically defined as blood glucose concentrations higher than normal but lower than thediabetes threshold, is a high-risk state for diabetes and cardiovascular disease development. As such, it represents three groups of individuals: Those with impaired fasting glucose(IFG), those with impaired glucose tolerance(IGT) and those with a glycated haemoglobin(HbA1c) between 39-46 mmol/mol. Several clinical trials have shown the important role of IFG, IGT and HbA1c -pre-diabetes as predictive tools for the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Moreover, with regard to cardiovascular disease, pre-diabetes is associated with more advanced vascular damage compared with normoglycaemia, independently of confounding factors. In view of these observations, diagnosis of pre-diabetes is mandatory to prevent or delay the development of the disease and its complications; however, a number of previous studies reported that the concordance between pre-diabetes diagnoses made by IFG, IGT or HbA1c is scarce and there are conflicting data as to which of these methods best predicts cardiovascular disease. This review highlights recent studies and cur-rent controversies in the field. In consideration of the expected increased use of HbA1c as a screening tool to identify individuals with alteration of glycaemic homeo-stasis, we focused on the evidence regarding the ability of HbA1c as a diagnostic tool for pre-diabetes and as a useful marker in identifying patients who have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Finally, we reviewed the current evidence regarding non-traditional glycaemic biomarkers and their use as alternatives to or additions to traditional ones.

Developments in the Diagnostic Techniques of Infectious Diseases: Rural and Urban Prospective

Objectives: Diagnostics is the first step for the treatment and eradication of infectious microbial diseases. Due to ever evolving pathogens and emerging new diseases, there is an urgent need to identify suitable diagnostic techniques for better management of each disease. The success rate of specific diagnostic technique in any population depends on various factors including type of the microbial pathogen, availability of resources, technical expertise, disease severity and degree of epidemic of disease in the area. One of the important tasks of the policy makers is to identify and implement suitable diagnostic techniques for specific regions based on their specific requirements. In this review we have discussed various techniques available in the literature and their suitability for the target population based on above mentioned criteria. Methods: Diagnostic techniques evaluation of well documented representative microbial diseases;Tuberculosis (bacterial), Malaria (parasitic) and HIV (viral) were included in the study. Identification and collection of information and data was performed focusing on the diagnostic techniques used from the scientific publications from Pubmed, Science Access, Scopus, EMBASE and several regional databases. WHO and CDC database for Tuberculosis, Malaria and HIV were also included. These techniques were compared with respect to the financial resource availability, expertise and management, functional capacity, pathogen virulence and degree of epidemic in the population. Results and Conclusion: In case of Tuberculosis, ELISA and colorimetric techniques are successful in rural and urban communities with 80% - 90% sensitivity. Genotyping and SNP analysis are useful in drug resistant strains. Parasitic disease Malaria also follows the same trend with diagnostic techniques like RDTs being common in both population with fast results and around 90% sensitivity. STD disease like HIV however shows slight different trends due to urgent need of interference in rural epidemics of the disease. Rapid and sensitive immunotechniques like dipsticks and agglutination with almost 100% sensitivity are used in both rural and urban areas. For the confirmation further tests are done like protein Western and NAAT. Advance techniques could be the option for higher epidemic area, drug resistance and disease research, while rapid techniques would be suitable for low income areas and POC facilities. Therefore, suitability of the diagnostic techniques for better management depends not only on the financial resources and assessment skills of a community but sometimes on the disease itself. We have further discussed the technological improvements for specific settings (rural/urban) based on the past research for better management of diseases, which could be implemented for the understanding of understudied and newly emerging diseases.

Clinical diagnostic advances in intestinal anastomotic techniques:Hand suturing,stapling,and compression devices

The development of intestinal anastomosis techniques,including hand suturing,stapling,and compression anastomoses,has been a significant advancement in surgical practice.These methods aim to prevent leakage and minimize tissue fibrosis,which can lead to stricture formation.The healing process involves various phases:hemostasis and inflammation,proliferation,and remodeling.Mechanical staplers and sutures can cause inflammation and fibrosis due to the release of profibrotic chemokines.Compression anastomosis devices,including those made of nickel-titanium alloy,offer a minimally invasive option for various surgical challenges and have shown safety and efficacy.However,despite advancements,anastomotic techniques are evaluated based on leakage risk,with complications being a primary concern.Newer devices like Magnamosis use magnetic rings for compression anastomosis,demonstrating greater strength and patency compared to stapling.Magnetic technology is also being explored for other medical treatments.While there are promising results,particularly in animal models,the realworld application in humans is limited,and further research is needed to assess their safety and practicality.

Comparing the incidence of major cardiovascular events and severe microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)causes both macrovascular and microvascular complications.However,currently,selection of glycemic measures and their thresholds to diagnose T2DM,and efficacy outcomes in evaluation of anti-diabetic drugs is predominantly informed by the relation of T2DM to microvascular complications.We can be severely mistaken on T2DM by neglecting macrovascular complications which are generally more severe,if they also occur more commonly than microvascular complications.AIM To compare the incidence of major cardiovascular events(MACEs)and severe microvascular complications(SMICs)in T2DM patients.METHODS MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to September 2017.Cohort studies or trials of T2DM patients aged 18 years or older that reported incidence of both MACEs and SMICs were included.MACEs were defined as nonfatal myocardial infarction and stroke,and cardiovascular death,while SMICs included serious retinopathy,nephropathy and diabetic disorder.The relative risk(RR)was estimated as the incidence of MACEs divided by that of SMICs in same patients and combined with meta-analysis in a random-effect model.RESULTS Twelve studies with a total of 16 cohorts and 387376 patients were included,and the combined RR was 2.02(95%CI:1.46–2.79).The higher incidence of MACEs remained in various subgroup and sensitivity analyses.CONCLUSION Patients with T2DM are much more likely to develop MACEs than SMICs.By taking more serious consequences and relatively higher incidence into consideration,macrovascular complications deserve more emphasis in developing the diagnostic criteria of T2DM and in evaluating the efficacy of antidiabetic drugs.

Novel diagnostic imaging techniques and applications in anterior uveitis,intermediate uveitis,and scleritis

Uveitis can cause significant visual morbidity and often affects younger adults of working age.Anterior uveitis,or inflammation limited to the anterior chamber(AC),iris,and/or ciliary body comprises the majority of uveitis cases.Current clinical biomarkers and conventional grading scales for intraocular inflammation are mostly subjective and have only a moderate degree of interobserver reliability,and as such they have significant limitations when used in either clinical practice or research related to uveitis.In recent years,novel imaging techniques and applications have emerged that can supplement exam findings to detect subclinical disease,monitor quantitative biomarkers of disease progression or treatment effect,and provide overall a more nuanced understanding of disease entities.The first part of this review discusses automated algorithms for optical coherence tomography(OCT)image processing and analysis as a means to assess and describe intraocular inflammation with higher resolution than that afforded by conventional AC and vitreous cell ordinal grading scales.The second half of the review focuses on anterior segment OCT and OCT angiography(OCTA)in scleritis and iritis,especially with regards to their ability to directly image and characterize the pathologic structures and vasculature underlying these diseases.Finally,we briefly review experimental animal research with promising but more distant human clinical applications,including in vivo molecular microscopy of inflammatory markers and investigation of gold nanoparticles as a potential contrast agent in OCT imaging.Imaging modalities are discussed in the broader context of trends within the field of uveitis towards greater objectivity and quantifiable outcome measures and biomarkers.

Optimized protocol of multiple post-processing techniques improves diagnostic accuracy of multidetector computed tomography in assessment of small bowel obstruction compared with conventional axial and coronal reformations

BACKGROUND Axial and coronal reformations have been a widely used image post-processing protocol for the ordinary multidetector computed tomography(MDCT)examination of patients with small bowel obstruction(SBO) or other abdominal diseases. The diagnostic accuracy of MDCT for assessing SBO is expected to be further improved through the use of multiple post-processing techniques.AIM To systemically evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of an optimized protocol using multiple post-processing techniques for MDCT assessment of SBO and secondary bowel ischemia.METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study included 106 patients with clinically suspected SBO. Two readers applied three protocols to image post-processing and interpretation of patients' MDCT volume data. We compared the three protocols based on time spent, number of images, diagnostic self-confidence,agreement, detection rate, and accuracy of detection of SBO and secondary bowel ischemia.RESULTS Protocol 2 resulted in more time spent and number of images than protocols 1 and 3(P < 0.01), but the results of the two readers using the same protocol were not different(P > 0.05). Using protocol 3, both readers added multiple postprocessing techniques at frequencies of 29.2% and 34.9%, respectively, for obstruction cause, and 32.1% and 30.2%, respectively, for secondary bowel ischemia. Protocols 2 and 3 had higher total detection rates of obstruction cause and secondary bowel ischemia than protocol 1(P < 0.01), but no difference was detected between protocols 2 and 3(P > 0.05). The accuracy, sensitivity,specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of protocols 2 and 3 were superior to those of protocol 1 for evaluating obstruction cause and secondary bowel ischemia.CONCLUSION Our optimized protocol of multiple post-processing techniques can both guarantee efficiency and improve diagnostic accuracy of MDCT for assessing SBO and secondary bowel ischemia.

临床医生应重视老年人心脏淀粉样变的诊断与处理

心脏淀粉样变(CA)是淀粉样蛋白错误折叠沉积于心肌细胞外基质所致的心脏疾病。CA好发于老年人,由于症状缺乏特异性且既往被认为是一种罕见病,老年CA患者极易被误诊和漏诊。近年来随着对该病诊断意识的提高及无创性影像学诊断方法的进步,诊断为CA的患者有所增加;治疗CA的药物研究也有重大突破,研发了多种特异性治疗药物。早期治疗可以防止淀粉样蛋白进一步沉积导致的器官损伤,从而改善老年CA患者预后。因此,临床医生应该充分了解老年CA患者的临床特征,重视老年CA的诊断及治疗。

分子生物学方法在提高综合医院传染性肺结核发现率中的作用

目的 了解综合医院使用Xpert技术诊断传染性肺结核和耐药肺结核的现状和问题,以便更好地发挥综合医院在肺结核发现中的前哨作用。方法 采用自身前后对照的研究方法,对比分析综合医院使用Xpert检查和未使用Xpert检查患者2组之间的病原学阳性患者比例、利福平耐药肺结核患者发现、肺结核和利福平耐药肺结核患者诊断时间等指标。共有171例肺结核患者纳入本次研究,其中研究组为使用Xpert检查的52例患者,对照组为未使用Xpert检查的119例患者。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验和χ^(2)检验(Fisher精确检验)分析组间差异。结果 研究组中综合医院诊断的病原阳性肺结核比例(41/52,78.85%)明显高于对照组(65/119,54.62%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组中综合医院诊断的疑似病例比例(2/52,3.85%)明显低于对照组(24/119,20.17%)。研究组中肺结核诊断时间为1 d,明显短于对照组(4 d)差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组共有3例利福平耐药肺结核患者,在综合医院就诊时全部得到明确诊断,利福平耐药诊断时间为1 d;对照组中有1例利福平耐药患者,综合医院未能发现。研究组同时接受痰涂片和Xpert检查的52例患者中,Xpert检出结核分枝杆菌比例(40/52,76.92%)明显高于痰涂片检查(25/52,48.07%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 Xpert技术能够显著提高肺结核病的诊断率、早期发现传染性肺结核和利福平耐药肺结核患者,建议将其纳入医保报销范围,加快在综合医院推广应用。

PCR荧光探针技术对结核分枝杆菌复合群及利福平耐药性检测性能的评价

目的:评价PCR荧光探针技术检测痰液样本中结核分枝杆菌复合群(Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex,MTBC)和利福平耐药性效果,为进一步开展“结核分枝杆菌复合群及利福平耐药核酸检测试剂盒”多中心临床试验提供可行性研究数据。方法:采用前瞻性研究方法,参照入组标准收集2021年12月至2022年8月上海市3家结核病定点医院肺科门诊就诊的205例初诊疑似肺结核患者的3份痰液样本(即时痰、夜间痰、晨痰),分别进行痰涂片、BACTEC MGIT 960(MGIT 960)、GeneXpert MTB/RIF(Xpert)和PCR荧光探针法检测,评价PCR荧光探针法对痰液样本中MTBC及利福平耐药性的检测效能。另对随机选取同期上海市疾病预防控制中心结核病实验室菌株库中保存的96株MTBC临床菌株(包括利福平表型耐药菌株47株和利福平表型敏感菌株49株)分别进行PCR荧光探针法和Xpert检测利福平耐药性,分析两种检测方法对利福平耐药相关基因突变的检出情况。结果:205例疑似肺结核患者中,PCR荧光探针法对MTBC的检出率为22.44%(46/205),与MGIT 960[21.95%(45/205)]、Xpert[20.98%(43/205)]和痰涂片[16.10%(33/205)]的差异均无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.014,P=0.904;χ^(2)=0.129,P=0.719;χ^(2)=2.650,P=0.104)。以临床诊断为参照标准,PCR荧光探针法、Xpert、MGIT 960和痰涂片检测MTBC的敏感度(95%CI)分别为48.10%(36.93%~59.56%)、48.10%(36.93%~59.56%)、50.63%(39.23%~61.97%)和40.51%(29.79%~52.15%),特异度(95%CI)分别为93.65%(87.47%~97.12%)、96.03%(90.52%~98.53%)、96.03%(90.52%~98.53%)和99.21%(95.01%~99.96%),一致率分别为76.10%(156/205)、77.56%(159/205)、78.54%(161/205)和76.59%(157/205),Kappa值分别为0.453、0.482、0.507和0.446。PCR荧光探针法检测痰液样本中MTBC的涂阴和极低级别阳性样本的检出率[10.73%(19/177)]与Xpert检测结果[8.47%(15/177)]的差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.793,P=0.373)。PCR荧光探针法在检出MTBC的46份样本中同时检出6份样本发生利福平耐药基因突变,突变率为13.04%(6/46);而Xpert在检出MTBC的43份样本中仅同时检出1份样本发生利福平耐药基因突变,突变率为2.33%(1/43)。在96株临床菌株中,两种分子检测方法均检测到56株菌株发生利福平耐药基因突变,除2株探针突变类型不一致外,其他探针突变类型均一致,且多发生在probe E(529~533)和FAM通道(531/533突变)。结论:以临床诊断为参照标准,PCR荧光探针法检测MTBC的效能与MGIT 960、Xpert和痰涂片基本相当,且与Xpert检测MTBC临床菌株的利福平耐药性效果一致,认为PCR荧光探针法不仅是一种等同于Xpert检测功能的新技术,还具有操作简单、价格低于Xpert、真正实现一体化和全封闭等优势。建议在临床推广过程中进一步优化PCR荧光探针法以提高MTBC检出率,并开展多中心临床试验验证研究。

《小儿积滞病诊断标准》的制定研究

目的制定一个框架清晰、指标明确、可操作性强的《小儿积滞病诊断标准》,为中医儿科临床实践和中医药临床评价提供依据。方法基于文献研究法,结合课题组经验,初步制定确立小儿积滞病诊断标准框架和各层面条目;基于共识法(包括德尔菲法、名义小组法)征求专家意见,最终制定形成《小儿积滞病诊断标准》。结果制定了由“病史、病程、诊断指标、需要排除的疾病、诊断条件”5个层面的小儿积滞病诊断标准。结论本研究采用的研究方法得当,保证了内容的全面性和结果的客观性,《小儿积滞病诊断标准》具有科学性、实用性,可供小儿积滞病的临床科研与医疗工作者参考使用。该诊断标准已通过中华中医药学会的审核发布(编号T/CACM1387-2022)。

Concomitant atypical knee gout and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis:A case report

BACKGROUND Gout and seronegative rheumatoid arthritis(SNRA)are two distinct inflammatory joint diseases whose co-occurrence is relatively infrequently reported.Limited information is available regarding the clinical management and prognosis of these combined diseases.CASE SUMMARY A 57-year-old woman with a 20-year history of joint swelling,tenderness,and morning stiffness who was negative for rheumatoid factor and had a normal uric acid level was diagnosed with SNRA.The initial regimen of methotrexate,leflunomide,and celecoxib alleviated her symptoms,except for those associated with the knee.After symptom recurrence after medication cessation,her regimen was updated to include iguratimod,methotrexate,methylprednisolone,and folic acid,but her knee issues persisted.Minimally invasive needle-knife scope therapy revealed proliferating pannus and needle-shaped crystals in the knee,indicating coexistent SNRA and atypical knee gout.After postarthroscopic surgery to remove the synovium and urate crystals,and following a tailored regimen of methotrexate,leflunomide,celecoxib,benzbromarone,and allopurinol,her knee symptoms were significantly alleviated with no recurrence observed over a period of more than one year,indicating successful management of both conditions.CONCLUSION This study reports the case of a patient concurrently afflicted with atypical gout of the knee and SNRA and underscores the significance of minimally invasive joint techniques as effective diagnostic and therapeutic tools in the field of rheumatology and immunology.

二代测序技术在骨关节结核临床诊断中的应用价值

目的:评估二代测序技术(next generation sequencing,NGS)在骨关节结核诊断中的应用价值。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,参照入组标准收集2019年12月至2022年12月河北省胸科医院骨科收治的185例疑似骨关节结核患者临床资料,根据最终临床诊断将患者分为结核组(骨关节结核155例)和非结核组(非骨关节结核30例)。所有患者病灶标本均经手术或穿刺途径获取(包括51份脓液、89份肉芽组织和45份骨组织标本),且均同时送检NGS、BACTEC MGIT 960分枝杆菌液体培养(简称“培养”)及利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增(GeneXpert MTB/R1F,简称“Xpert”)检测。以最终临床诊断为参照标准,比较3种检测方法诊断骨关节结核的检测效能,并分析3种方法检测脓液、肉芽组织和骨组织标本的阳性检出情况。结果:185例疑似骨关节结核患者中,NGS检测骨关节结核的阳性率[63.24%(117/185)]明显高于Xpert[54.05%(100/185)]和分枝杆菌培养[35.68%(66/185)],差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=24.982,P<0.001;χ^(2)=37.934,P<0.001)。以最终临床诊断为参照标准,NGS、Xpert和培养法诊断骨关节结核的敏感度分别为74.84%(116/155)、64.52%(100/155)和42.58%(66/155),特异度分别为96.67%(29/30)、100.00%(30/30)和100.00%(30/30),诊断符合率分别为78.38%(145/185)、70.27%(130/185)和51.89%(96/185),Kappa值分别为0.799、0.590和0.504,AUC(95%CI)值分别为0.867(0.693~0.941)、0.703(0.612~0.784)和0.623(0.529~0.717)。NGS检测脓液的阳性率[80.39%(41/51)]明显高于检测肉芽组织[62.92%(56/89)]和骨组织[44.44%(20/45)],差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.560,P=0.031;χ^(2)=13.335,P<0.001)。结论:NGS技术可明显提高骨关节结核患者病原学阳性检出率,具有较高的检测效能,并以脓液标本的检测诊断价值最高。

超高场5.0T心脏MRI:现状、挑战与未来

常规1.5T和3.0T心脏MRI(CMRI)已获广泛应用;超高场MRI分辨率和信噪比更优,5.0T全身超高场MRI能更好地平衡心脏成像场强与质量,有望提升成像质量及效率。本文就5.0T CMRI现状、挑战与未来发展方向进行综述。

难治性癫痫的外科治疗进展

在癫痫患者中,药物难治性癫痫一直占据相当比例。这部分患者在经过精确的评估后或可通过外科治疗的手段达到发作缓解。本文阐述了难治性癫痫的术前神经电生理和影像评估方法,并结合最新临床研究进展,针对不同类型癫痫总结手术治疗方案,补充阐述了无创治疗方法,且在此基础上探讨了癫痫外科治疗未来发展趋势。

马鼻疽诊断技术的研究现状

马鼻疽(Glanders)是一种由鼻疽伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia mallei)引起的急性、接触性人兽共患传染病,主要影响马、驴和骡子,被世界动物卫生组织列为必须通报动物疫病,被我国列为二类动物疫病。养马场一旦发病,将会带来巨大的经济损失,严重时会造成社会公共危害。该病尚无有效的疫苗及合适的防治制剂,执行严格的卫生措施及监测病原和抗体,进而排查和清除带菌动物是马鼻疽防控的重要措施。论文总结了近年来马鼻疽诊断方法的研究进展,包括病原检测方法、分子生物学诊断技术、变态反应和血清学监测技术,为马鼻疽诊断技术的应用与推广提供理论依据,并为新的诊断技术提供思路。

GeneXpert MTB/RIF粪便检测在儿童结核病中的研究进展

儿童活动性结核病存在标本获取困难和病原学诊断阳性率低等问题,而利福平耐药实时荧光定量核酸扩增检测技术(Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampin-resistant,简称“Xpert”)作为一种快速检测结核分枝杆菌(MTB)和利福平耐药性的方法,以较高的敏感度和特异度为结核病的诊断提供了可靠的依据。目前,该方法已广泛应用于痰液或胃液检测,关于粪便样本对诊断肺结核的应用价值基本得到肯定,但肺外结核应用仍需要大量研究验证。笔者就该方法用于检测儿童结核病粪便样本中的MTB进行综述,为Xpert用于儿童粪便检测在临床中的应用提供参考。

施马伦贝格病诊断技术研究概况

施马伦贝格病(Schmallenbergdisease,SBD)是由施马伦贝格病毒(Schmallenbergvirus,SBV)引起的反刍动物虫媒传染病,目前对其尚无有效治疗手段,及时检测病原和抗体对其进行确诊,是其防控的重要举措。SBD诊断技术主要包括,病原学检测的病毒分离与鉴定、RT-PCR、实时荧光RT-RAA,血清学检测的病毒中和试验(VNT)、蚀斑减少中和试验(PRNT)、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、免疫层析试纸条。每种检测方法各有优势和不足,其中病毒分离与鉴定和VNT是经典的SBD确诊方法,但因其涉及病毒培养,操作严格,耗时长;RT-PCR和ELISA方法操作简单,是常用的SBV实验室检测方法;实时荧光RT-RAA和免疫层析试纸条检测反应时间短,适用于SBV的现场快速筛查。因此在实际应用时,可根据自身要求和目的,结合实际情况选择一种或多种检测方法进行SBD诊断。本文主要总结了近年来有关SBD的病原学和血清学诊断技术研究进展,以期为SBD监测和防控提供技术参考。

宏基因组测序应用于结核病防治的研究进展

结核病诊断技术一直是控制结核病疫情的关键,但传统诊断方法敏感度低且耗时长,难以满足临床对诊断效率的高要求。随着测序技术和生物信息学的高速发展,宏基因组测序技术在近几年内逐渐应用于多种传染性疾病的诊断中。笔者对宏基因组测序技术在结核病防治中的应用情况加以阐述,并讨论其未来在结核病诊断中的应用前景。

牛呼吸道疾病综合征诊断技术研究进展

牛呼吸道疾病综合征(Bovine respiratory disease complex, BRDC),又称为“运输热”(Shipping fever),是由多种细菌、病毒和应激因素相互作用引起的牛肺炎、支气管炎等呼吸道疾病的通称,高发于犊牛。BRDC分布广泛,给全球养牛业造成了巨大的经济损失。随着中国养牛业的发展,牛呼吸道疾病综合征在中国各地奶牛场和肉牛场相继被确诊,严重威胁中国养牛业的健康发展。该病病因复杂,防治难度大,快速准确的诊断对该病的防控具有重要意义。本研究综述了BRDC的诊断技术,为该病的临床防控和深入研究提供参考。

畜禽常见衣原体病流行情况及其诊断技术研究进展

衣原体是一种重要的人兽共患专性胞内寄生性病原微生物,能广泛地感染多种家畜、禽类以及人类,主要导致繁殖障碍性疾病,给世界各地畜禽养殖业造成了巨大经济损失,对公共卫生也构成了威胁。明确畜禽常见衣原体病的流行情况并做好早期诊断成为防控该病流行的关键。论文就畜禽常见衣原体病的流行情况以及临床症状进行综述,并从病原学、血清学以及分子生物学诊断3个方面对国内外畜禽衣原体病的诊断方法进行归纳总结,以期为有效防控畜禽衣原体病提供参考。