BACKGROUND Stroke is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy and puerperium.Isolated amnesia is a rare clinical symptom caused by ischemic stroke during pregnancy.We present the first d...BACKGROUND Stroke is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy and puerperium.Isolated amnesia is a rare clinical symptom caused by ischemic stroke during pregnancy.We present the first documented case of acute amnesia during pregnancy due to bilateral fornix infarction.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old nullipara presented at 35 wk of gestation with acute amnesia and headache.Brain magnetic resonance imaging and angiography revealed acute infarction in the bilateral anterior fornix.There was no evidence of causative abnormality after extensive work-up,including for vascular abnormality,cardiac disease,coagulopathy,and pregnancy-related conditions.The patient was diagnosed with cryptogenic stroke.Aspirin was administered immediately,and the patient recovered fully without recurrence.CONCLUSION Acute isolated amnesia due to stroke is rare during pregnancy.Early diagnosis of stroke and immediate treatment prevent neurologic sequelae.展开更多
In the present study we investigated the anti-amnesic activity of Vitex negundo in scopolamine induced amnesia in rats. Wistar rats (180-200 g) were trained on active avoidance task. Each animal received session of 15...In the present study we investigated the anti-amnesic activity of Vitex negundo in scopolamine induced amnesia in rats. Wistar rats (180-200 g) were trained on active avoidance task. Each animal received session of 15 trials with inter trial duration of 15 s for 5 days. Scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p) was administered at different time periods on the basis of stages of memory i.e acquisition, consolidation and retention in different groups (n = 6). Effect of Vitex negundo extract was evaluated and compared to a standard drug, Donepezil. Significant (p 【0.05) increase in the avoidance response on the 5th session has been observed as compared to 1st session in control group. Scopolamine treatment significantly (p 【0.05) reduced the avoidance response compared to control. Extract treated groups shown significant (p 【0.05) increase in number of avoidance responses as compared to scopolamine treated groups. Increased oxidative stress in brain after scopolamine treatment, as observed by increase in MDA &decrease in GSH &SOD, was lowered in the groups treated with extracts. AChE activity was also improved after V. negundo treatment. Results of the study have shown that V. negundo treated groups decrease the phenomenon of amnesia by increasing learning of memory through antioxidant effect and decreasing AChE activity.展开更多
Epiduroscopy (EDS) allows diagnosis and treatment of spinal nerve root pathology by a fiberoptic device inserted percutaneously in the epidural space. Transient global amnesia syndrome (TGA) is defined by an abrupt on...Epiduroscopy (EDS) allows diagnosis and treatment of spinal nerve root pathology by a fiberoptic device inserted percutaneously in the epidural space. Transient global amnesia syndrome (TGA) is defined by an abrupt onset of an anterograde and retrograde amnesia that lasts up to 24 h, although mild subclinical neuropsychological deficits, with concomitant vegetative symptoms, can last for days after the episode. To our knowledge no cases of TGA in association with EDS have been recognized. We present a case of a 54-year-old man who was admitted for EDS, having experienced two times the failed surgery for spinal and left leg pain. During the EDS, 10 ml of non-ionic contrast media (CM) was injected to confirm the inside lesions. The epidural adhesions were gently broken down and drugs were injected around any inflamed nerve roots. Immediately after EDS, the patient experienced a TGA with loss of memory for the recent procedure and an impaired ability to retain new information. There were no signs of confusion or altered conscious level or seizure activities and neurological examination was normal. At 24 h a cranial computerized tomography (cCT) without CM showed “abnormal contrast enhancement at subarachnoid liquoral spaces levels”, then at 72 h cCT control was normal. The patient was discharged on the seventh day with perioperative lacunar amnesia persisting at this time. Herein, we sought a possible relationship between neurotoxic effect of CM and TGA in a patient emotionally stressed, even if the CM dose was given as a normal clinical range.展开更多
To facilitate gathering information during a psychiatric interview, some psychiatrists advocate augmenting the interview using drugs. Rather than barbiturates, benzodiazepines have been used for drug-assisted intervie...To facilitate gathering information during a psychiatric interview, some psychiatrists advocate augmenting the interview using drugs. Rather than barbiturates, benzodiazepines have been used for drug-assisted interviews. Dissociative amnesia is one of the indications for these interviews. Herein, we present the case of a 15-year-old female who was diagnosed as having dissociative amnesia because of conflicts with her friends. She was administered a Iorazepam-assisted interview to aid recovery of her memories. In this case, a small dose of Iorazepam was sufficient to recover her memories without any adverse effects.展开更多
This case study addresses episodic memory impairment or focal retrograde amnesia related to limbic encephalitis. The patient in question was a right-handed man in his 60s who developed focal retrograde amnesia due to ...This case study addresses episodic memory impairment or focal retrograde amnesia related to limbic encephalitis. The patient in question was a right-handed man in his 60s who developed focal retrograde amnesia due to limbic encephalitis. An abnormal MRI signal was observed in the right medial temporal lobe. Immediately after the encephalitis onset, mental symptoms—including impaired consciousness, disorientation, hallucinations, and delusions—appeared;however, his condition improved with medical treatment. After transfer to a convalescent and rehabilitation hospital, various neuropsychological tests were conducted but no apparent functional decline was observed in intellectual function, attention, memorization, or retention. However, the patient exhibited impairments related to autobiographical memory and memory of events 4?-?5 years before the onset of limbic encephalitis. Based on these observations, the patient was considered to exhibit focal retrograde amnesia due to limbic encephalitis. Despite exhibiting retrograde amnesia, he had no difficulty in his daily life in the ward. Moreover, after discharge from hospital, smooth work reinstatement was possible. This case demonstrates that, even after exhibiting retrograde amnesia, if its duration is relatively short and physical function and other higher-order brain functions are sustained, social rehabilitation—including work reinstatement—is feasible.展开更多
Although there have been a limited number of case reports of human bilateral hippocampal injury, none of these have addressed the impact of such injuries on medical decision making capacity. The authors present a case...Although there have been a limited number of case reports of human bilateral hippocampal injury, none of these have addressed the impact of such injuries on medical decision making capacity. The authors present a case of an elderly man with discrete bilateral hippocampal injury. As a result of his injury, the patient was hopelessly “lost in the present” and only retained the basic cognitive functions necessary to have decision making capacity for a limited period of time. He was unable to appreciate the nature of his injury, the potential risks involved in his decisions, and the recommended course of treatment longer than a few minutes. The patient’s resultant neurocognitive deficits left him lacking medical decision making capacity, a likely outcome for patients with persistent anterograde amnesia.展开更多
It has been known that peripheral adverse event is caused by peripheral antimuscarinic action, from hyoscine butylbromide (Buscopan; Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany) used as a premedication for endoscopy. However, sympt...It has been known that peripheral adverse event is caused by peripheral antimuscarinic action, from hyoscine butylbromide (Buscopan; Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany) used as a premedication for endoscopy. However, symptoms or signs associated with the central nervous system are rarely reported in the field of anesthesiology and peripartum labor. This central anticholinergic syndrome is likely caused by blockade of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the central nervous system. There is no report on Buscopan-induced central anticholinergic syndrome in endoscopy room so far. Three middle-aged females unexpectedly suffered from anterograde amnesia after intramuscular injection of hyoscine butylbromide as an antispasmodic premedication for endoscopy at our endoscopy unit in the Health Promotion Center.展开更多
In Marilynne Robinson's Gilead,the first John Ames is the memory-individual whose personal memory serves as the living memory to combat the collective historical amnesia of Iowa’s antislavery movement.For all his...In Marilynne Robinson's Gilead,the first John Ames is the memory-individual whose personal memory serves as the living memory to combat the collective historical amnesia of Iowa’s antislavery movement.For all his efforts,memory is framed by the present.Gilead has forgotten its abolitionist root and anti-racial discrimination tradition.The individual effort to resist collective historical amnesia fails.Through the first Ames’s failure,Robinson presents the politics of memory,particularly the struggle between individual memory and collective historical amnesia.The historical amnesia of abolitionism over Gilead is Robinson’s criticism of the present societal betrayal of the pursuit of racial equality as epitomized in the historical antislavery movement.Robinson’s memory writing in Gilead is also her literary endeavor to remember the forgotten history and to reflect upon the racial issue pervading present American society.展开更多
随着影像学的发展,脑小血管病(Cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)检出率逐年升高,其与血管性认知障碍的关系紧密,是导致血管性认知障碍的最重要原因之一,占血管性痴呆的36%~67%,严重影响患者生活质量。CSVD所致认知障碍起病隐匿,早...随着影像学的发展,脑小血管病(Cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)检出率逐年升高,其与血管性认知障碍的关系紧密,是导致血管性认知障碍的最重要原因之一,占血管性痴呆的36%~67%,严重影响患者生活质量。CSVD所致认知障碍起病隐匿,早期识别和干预CSVD能够有效延缓血管性认知障碍的进展。然而目前西医治疗缺乏循证医学证据,中医药在治疗认知障碍方面具有一定优势。文章分别从中医、西医不同角度对CSVD所致认知障碍的发病机制、治疗方法展开综述,为CSVD所致认知障碍的中西医结合防治提供参考。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Stroke is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality during pregnancy and puerperium.Isolated amnesia is a rare clinical symptom caused by ischemic stroke during pregnancy.We present the first documented case of acute amnesia during pregnancy due to bilateral fornix infarction.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old nullipara presented at 35 wk of gestation with acute amnesia and headache.Brain magnetic resonance imaging and angiography revealed acute infarction in the bilateral anterior fornix.There was no evidence of causative abnormality after extensive work-up,including for vascular abnormality,cardiac disease,coagulopathy,and pregnancy-related conditions.The patient was diagnosed with cryptogenic stroke.Aspirin was administered immediately,and the patient recovered fully without recurrence.CONCLUSION Acute isolated amnesia due to stroke is rare during pregnancy.Early diagnosis of stroke and immediate treatment prevent neurologic sequelae.
文摘In the present study we investigated the anti-amnesic activity of Vitex negundo in scopolamine induced amnesia in rats. Wistar rats (180-200 g) were trained on active avoidance task. Each animal received session of 15 trials with inter trial duration of 15 s for 5 days. Scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p) was administered at different time periods on the basis of stages of memory i.e acquisition, consolidation and retention in different groups (n = 6). Effect of Vitex negundo extract was evaluated and compared to a standard drug, Donepezil. Significant (p 【0.05) increase in the avoidance response on the 5th session has been observed as compared to 1st session in control group. Scopolamine treatment significantly (p 【0.05) reduced the avoidance response compared to control. Extract treated groups shown significant (p 【0.05) increase in number of avoidance responses as compared to scopolamine treated groups. Increased oxidative stress in brain after scopolamine treatment, as observed by increase in MDA &decrease in GSH &SOD, was lowered in the groups treated with extracts. AChE activity was also improved after V. negundo treatment. Results of the study have shown that V. negundo treated groups decrease the phenomenon of amnesia by increasing learning of memory through antioxidant effect and decreasing AChE activity.
文摘Epiduroscopy (EDS) allows diagnosis and treatment of spinal nerve root pathology by a fiberoptic device inserted percutaneously in the epidural space. Transient global amnesia syndrome (TGA) is defined by an abrupt onset of an anterograde and retrograde amnesia that lasts up to 24 h, although mild subclinical neuropsychological deficits, with concomitant vegetative symptoms, can last for days after the episode. To our knowledge no cases of TGA in association with EDS have been recognized. We present a case of a 54-year-old man who was admitted for EDS, having experienced two times the failed surgery for spinal and left leg pain. During the EDS, 10 ml of non-ionic contrast media (CM) was injected to confirm the inside lesions. The epidural adhesions were gently broken down and drugs were injected around any inflamed nerve roots. Immediately after EDS, the patient experienced a TGA with loss of memory for the recent procedure and an impaired ability to retain new information. There were no signs of confusion or altered conscious level or seizure activities and neurological examination was normal. At 24 h a cranial computerized tomography (cCT) without CM showed “abnormal contrast enhancement at subarachnoid liquoral spaces levels”, then at 72 h cCT control was normal. The patient was discharged on the seventh day with perioperative lacunar amnesia persisting at this time. Herein, we sought a possible relationship between neurotoxic effect of CM and TGA in a patient emotionally stressed, even if the CM dose was given as a normal clinical range.
文摘To facilitate gathering information during a psychiatric interview, some psychiatrists advocate augmenting the interview using drugs. Rather than barbiturates, benzodiazepines have been used for drug-assisted interviews. Dissociative amnesia is one of the indications for these interviews. Herein, we present the case of a 15-year-old female who was diagnosed as having dissociative amnesia because of conflicts with her friends. She was administered a Iorazepam-assisted interview to aid recovery of her memories. In this case, a small dose of Iorazepam was sufficient to recover her memories without any adverse effects.
文摘This case study addresses episodic memory impairment or focal retrograde amnesia related to limbic encephalitis. The patient in question was a right-handed man in his 60s who developed focal retrograde amnesia due to limbic encephalitis. An abnormal MRI signal was observed in the right medial temporal lobe. Immediately after the encephalitis onset, mental symptoms—including impaired consciousness, disorientation, hallucinations, and delusions—appeared;however, his condition improved with medical treatment. After transfer to a convalescent and rehabilitation hospital, various neuropsychological tests were conducted but no apparent functional decline was observed in intellectual function, attention, memorization, or retention. However, the patient exhibited impairments related to autobiographical memory and memory of events 4?-?5 years before the onset of limbic encephalitis. Based on these observations, the patient was considered to exhibit focal retrograde amnesia due to limbic encephalitis. Despite exhibiting retrograde amnesia, he had no difficulty in his daily life in the ward. Moreover, after discharge from hospital, smooth work reinstatement was possible. This case demonstrates that, even after exhibiting retrograde amnesia, if its duration is relatively short and physical function and other higher-order brain functions are sustained, social rehabilitation—including work reinstatement—is feasible.
文摘Although there have been a limited number of case reports of human bilateral hippocampal injury, none of these have addressed the impact of such injuries on medical decision making capacity. The authors present a case of an elderly man with discrete bilateral hippocampal injury. As a result of his injury, the patient was hopelessly “lost in the present” and only retained the basic cognitive functions necessary to have decision making capacity for a limited period of time. He was unable to appreciate the nature of his injury, the potential risks involved in his decisions, and the recommended course of treatment longer than a few minutes. The patient’s resultant neurocognitive deficits left him lacking medical decision making capacity, a likely outcome for patients with persistent anterograde amnesia.
文摘It has been known that peripheral adverse event is caused by peripheral antimuscarinic action, from hyoscine butylbromide (Buscopan; Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany) used as a premedication for endoscopy. However, symptoms or signs associated with the central nervous system are rarely reported in the field of anesthesiology and peripartum labor. This central anticholinergic syndrome is likely caused by blockade of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the central nervous system. There is no report on Buscopan-induced central anticholinergic syndrome in endoscopy room so far. Three middle-aged females unexpectedly suffered from anterograde amnesia after intramuscular injection of hyoscine butylbromide as an antispasmodic premedication for endoscopy at our endoscopy unit in the Health Promotion Center.
基金funded by Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University(2021SDKYB087).
文摘In Marilynne Robinson's Gilead,the first John Ames is the memory-individual whose personal memory serves as the living memory to combat the collective historical amnesia of Iowa’s antislavery movement.For all his efforts,memory is framed by the present.Gilead has forgotten its abolitionist root and anti-racial discrimination tradition.The individual effort to resist collective historical amnesia fails.Through the first Ames’s failure,Robinson presents the politics of memory,particularly the struggle between individual memory and collective historical amnesia.The historical amnesia of abolitionism over Gilead is Robinson’s criticism of the present societal betrayal of the pursuit of racial equality as epitomized in the historical antislavery movement.Robinson’s memory writing in Gilead is also her literary endeavor to remember the forgotten history and to reflect upon the racial issue pervading present American society.
文摘随着影像学的发展,脑小血管病(Cerebral small vessel disease,CSVD)检出率逐年升高,其与血管性认知障碍的关系紧密,是导致血管性认知障碍的最重要原因之一,占血管性痴呆的36%~67%,严重影响患者生活质量。CSVD所致认知障碍起病隐匿,早期识别和干预CSVD能够有效延缓血管性认知障碍的进展。然而目前西医治疗缺乏循证医学证据,中医药在治疗认知障碍方面具有一定优势。文章分别从中医、西医不同角度对CSVD所致认知障碍的发病机制、治疗方法展开综述,为CSVD所致认知障碍的中西医结合防治提供参考。
