Current sensor based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy color center

High precision current measurement is very important for the calibration of various high-precision equipment and the measurement of other precision detection fields.A new current sensor based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy(NV)color center magnetic measurement method is proposed to realize the accurate measurement of current.This new current method can greatly improve the accuracy of current measurement.Experiments show that the linearity of the current sensor based on diamond NV color center can reach up to 33 ppm,which is superior to other current sensors and solves the problem of low linearity.When the range of input current is 5-40 A,the absolute error of the calculated current is less than 51μA,and the relative error is 2.42×10^(-6) at 40 A.Combined with the research content and results of the experiment,the application of the current sensor in the field of current precision measurement is prospected.

Design and simulation of an accelerometer based on NV center spin–strain coupling

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center quantum systems have emerged as versatile tools in the field of precision measurement because of their high sensitivity in spin state detection and miniaturization potential as solid-state platforms.In this paper,an acceleration sensing scheme based on NV spin–strain coupling is proposed,which can effectively eliminate the influence of the stray noise field introduced by traditional mechanical schemes.Through the finite element simulation,it is found that the measurement bandwidth of this ensemble NV spin system ranges from 3 kHz to hundreds of kHz with structure√optimization.The required power is at the sub-μW level,corresponding to a noise-limited sensitivity of 6.7×10^(-5) /√Hz.Compared with other types of accelerometers,this micro-sized diamond sensor proposed here has low power consumption,exquisite sensitivity,and integration potential.This research opens a fresh perspective to realize an accelerometer with appealing comprehensive performance applied in biomechanics and inertial measurement fields.

Non-destructive Testing Method for Crack Based on Diamond Nitrogen-vacancy Color Center

Magnetic field measurement plays an extremely important role in material science,electronic en-gineering,power system and even industrial fields.In particular,magnetic field measurement provides a safe and reliable tool for industrial non-destructive testing.The sensitivity of magnetic field measurement deter-mines the highest level of detection.The diamond nitrogen-vacancy(NV)color center is a new type of quan-tum sensor developed in recent years.The external magnetic field will cause Zeeman splitting of the ground state energy level of the diamond NV color center.Optical detection magnetic resonance(ODMR),using a mi-crowave source and a lock-in amplifier to detect the resonant frequency of the NV color center,and finally the change of the resonant frequency can accurately calculate the size of the external magnetic field and the sensi-tivity of the external magnetic field change.In the experiment,a diamond containing a high concentration of NV color centers is coupled with an optical fiber to realize the preparation of a magnetic field scanning probe.Then,the surface cracks of the magnetized iron plate weld are scanned,and the scanning results are drawn into a two-dimensional magnetic force distribution map,according to the magnetic field gradient change of the magnetic force distribution map,the position and size of the crack can be judged very accurately,which pro-vides a very effective diagnostic tool for industrial safety.

A Bright Single-Photon Source from Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers in Diamond Nanowires

Single-photon flux is one of the crucial properties of nitrogen vacancy （NV） centers in diamond for its application in quantum information techniques. Here we fabricate diamond conical nanowires to enhance the single-photon count rate. Through the interaction between tightly confined optical mode in nanowires and NV centers, the single-photon lifetime is much shortened and the collection efficiency is enhanced. As a result, the detected single-photon rate can be at 564 kcps, and the total detection coefficient can be 0.8%, which is much higher than that in bulk diamond. Such a nanowire single-photon device with high photon flux can be applied to improve the fidelity of quantum computation and the precision of quantum sensors.

Magnetic field analysis in a diamond anvil cell for Meissner effect measurement by using the diamond NV^- center

Diamond negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy(NV-) centers provide an opportunity for the measurement of the Meissner effect on extremely small samples in a diamond anvil cell(DAC) due to their high sensitivity in detecting the tiny change of magnetic field. We report on the variation of magnetic field distribution in a DAC as a sample transforms from normal to superconducting state by using finite element analysis. The results show that the magnetic flux density has the largest change on the sidewall of the sample, where NV-centers can detect the strongest signal variation of the magnetic field. In addition, we study the effect of magnetic coil placement on the magnetic field variation. It is found that the optimal position for the coil to generate the greatest change in magnetic field strength is at the place as close to the sample as possible.

近红外光调制下金刚石NV色心自旋动力学与电荷态转化研究

对金刚石氮-空位(nitrogen-vacancy,NV)色心电子自旋态进行光学操控的过程中,近红外光是一种重要手段,对色心自旋态和电荷态布居能产生显著影响,定量研究近红外光对NV色心自旋动力学的作用具有重要意义。文章用实验测量室温下532 nm激光连续激发单个NV色心产生的荧光时间曲线,并建立七能级模型进行数值模拟,得到各自旋能级间跃迁速率;在此基础上用1040 nm激光对色心荧光时间曲线进行调制,实验数据与数值模拟结果相吻合。研究结果表明,近红外光对金刚石NV色心自旋态的影响主要体现在对电荷态转化速率的提高上,使用功率为40 mW的1040 nm激光和532 nm激光一起照射,可以将电离速率和复合速率分别提升约15倍和30倍。

Single-channel vector magnetic information detection method based on diamond NV color center

A method of detecting the single channel triaxial magnetic field information based on diamond nitrogen-vacancy(NV)color center is introduced.Firstly,the incident angle of the bias magnetic field which can achieve the equal frequency difference optically-detected magnetic resonance(ODMR)spectrum of diamond NV color center is calculated theoretically,and the triaxial magnetic information solution model is also constructed.Secondly,the microwave time-controlled circuit module is designed to generate equal timing and equal frequency difference microwave pulse signals in one channel.Combining with the optical detection magnetic resonance technology,the purpose of sequentially locking and detecting the four formant signals on one side of the diamond NV color center(m_(s)=-1 state signal)is achieved,and the vector magnetic field information detection is accomplished by combining the triaxial magnetic information solution model.The system can obtain magnetic field detection in a range of 0 mT-0.82 mT.The system's magnetic noise sensitivity is 14.2 nT/Hz^(1/2),and the deviation angle errors of magnetic field detectionθ_(x) andθ_(y) are 1.3° and 8.2° respectively.

High-resolution imaging of magnetic fields of banknote anti-counterfeiting strip using fiber diamond probe

Counterfeiting of modern banknotes poses a significant challenge,prompting the use of various preventive measures.One such measure is the magnetic anti-counterfeiting strip.However,due to its inherent weak magnetic properties,visualizing its magnetic distribution has been a longstanding challenge.In this work,we introduce an innovative method by using a fiber optic diamond probe,a highly sensitive quantum sensor designed specifically for detecting extremely weak magnetic fields.We employ this probe to achieve high-resolution imaging of the magnetic fields associated with the RMB 50denomination anti-counterfeiting strip.Additionally,we conduct computer simulations by using COMSOL Multiphysics software to deduce the potential geometric characteristics and material composition of the magnetic region within the anti-counterfeiting strip.The findings and method presented in this study hold broader significance,extending the RMB 50 denomination to various denominations of the Chinese currency and other items that employ magnetic anti-counterfeiting strips.These advances have the potential to significantly improve and promote security measures in order to prevent the banknotes from being counterfeited.

采用磁屏蔽环结构的金刚石NV色心全光直流互感器系统

针对目前电力系统对电流互感器的精度与灵敏度提出的更高要求,提出了一种基于金刚石氮-空位(NV)色心的全光直流互感器的系统方案,系统包括光源模块、激光反馈模块、激光分束模块、一次传感探头模块、激光分频模块、光电转换模块以及信号采集和数据处理模块。对系统中的磁屏蔽环进行了结构的设计与仿真,并对仿真结果进行了实验验证。最后搭建了单通道实验验证系统,系统实测结果表明,设计的全光直流互感器在5 000 A大电流下无磁屏蔽时可以达到0.35%的测量精度,加入磁屏蔽环后测量精度提升到了0.06%,从而为基于金刚石NV色心的全光直流互感器的研制提供了参考。

基于无微波金刚石NV色心测磁技术的电流测量应用

为了在特高压(UHV)环境下使用氮-空位(NV)色心量子测量技术,研究了金刚石主轴与磁场夹角对相应曲线及电流测量精度的影响。构建金刚石氮-空位七能级超精细结构模型,根据仿真结果得到不同磁场方向下最高灵敏度范围和最佳测量范围,从而确定探头的最佳放置角度。基于无微波金刚石氮-空位技术搭建了直流大电流测量实验平台,测试了100~5000A范围内荧光电压对电流的响应曲线。实验结果表明,该平台对5000A直流电流测量误差在0.25%以内。作为无源器件,无微波金刚石氮-空位色心测磁传感器全光纤信号传输具备良好耐压性能,同时可在室温下工作,并具有结构紧凑、灵敏度高、抗电磁干扰能力强等优势,适用于特高压环境下的直流电流测量,为传统电力行业检测提供了新的检测方法。

An Emerging Testing Method for Metallics Based on NV Center in the Diamond

Metal substance detection plays an extremely important role in daily life,industrial manufacturing and even industrial security.The traditional methods include optical detection,X-ray detection,microwave detection and ultrasonic detection.These methods,playing a vital role in the field of non-destructive testing,can not only judge the presence or absence of metal,but also accurately detect the type and size of metal defects.For microwave detection,the detection efficiency of metal materials is limited by the response sensitivity of the detector to microwaves.In recent years,scientists have discovered a quantum sensing system based on the diamond nitrogen-vacancy(NV)color center.The system obtains optical detection magnetic resonance(ODMR)fluorescence spectra under the combined action of a 532nm laser and a certain frequency band of microwaves,and the signal contrast changes significantly with the microwave power.Based on the NV color center quantum sensing system,this paper studies its application in the field of metal detection,and takes steel detection as an example to detect the size of steel bars according to the changes in the spectral line,providing a new method for non-destructive testing such as metal substance detection.

Dependence of nitrogen vacancy color centers on nitrogen concentration in synthetic diamond

Crystallization of diamond with different nitrogen concentrations was carried out with a FeNiCo-C system at pressure of 6.5 GPa.As the nitrogen concentration in diamond increased,the color of the synthesized diamond crystals changed from colorless to yellow and finally to atrovirens(a dark green).All the Raman peaks for the obtained crystals were located at about 1330 cm^(-1)and contained only the sp^(3)hybrid diamond phase.Based on Fourier transform infrared results,the nitrogen concentration of the colorless diamond was<1 ppm and absorption peaks corresponding to nitrogen impurities were not detected.However,the C-center nitrogen concentration of the atrovirens diamond reached 1030 ppm and the value of A-center nitrogen was approximately 180 ppm with a characteristic absorption peak at 1282 cm^(-1).Furthermore,neither the NV^(0)nor the NV^(-)optical color center existed in diamond crystal with nitrogen impurities of less than 1 ppm by photoluminescence measurement.However,Ni-related centers located at 695 nm and 793.6 nm were observed in colorless diamond.The NE8 color center at 793.6 nm has more potential for application than the common NV centers.NV^(0)and NV^(-)optical color centers coexist in diamond without any additives in the synthesis system.Importantly,only the NV^(-)color center was noticed in diamond with a higher nitrogen concentration,which maximized optimization of the NV^(-)/NV^(0)ratio in the diamond structure.This study has provided a new way to prepare diamond containing only NV^(-)optical color centers.

金刚石NV色心在钢丝绳缺陷检测中的应用

氮-空位(NV)色心是金刚石中的一种晶格缺陷,由于其具有优异的自旋性质和光学性质,在量子精密测量领域受到广泛关注。利用金刚石的高灵敏度和高分辨率磁测量特性,实现灵敏且准确的钢丝绳缺陷检测。在磁场测量方面,该技术使用光学探测磁共振法测出NV色心的共振频率,从而计算出外界的磁场强度。在钢丝绳检测方面,以浓度为1.8×10^(17)~3.6×10^(17)的NV色心磁传感器为核心组成探头模块,三块高度集成的现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)板卡组成控制模块,搭建量子精密测量平台,检测钢丝绳断丝缺陷和微弱磨损缺陷。实验结果表明,该系统的磁场测量灵敏度可达6 nT/Hz,空间分辨率为200μm,可以对钢丝绳缺陷进行准确检测,为工业安全提供了新的检测方式。

基于磁集聚器的金刚石NV色心磁力计灵敏度的增强

对于金刚石氮空位(NV)色心磁力计,探索新的方法提高其灵敏度具有重要的意义。详细介绍了一种基于闭环反馈的频率调制技术结合磁集聚器的高灵敏度和高分辨率磁测量方法。设计了具有12倍磁放大倍数的T型磁集聚器。通过频率调制技术,磁力计灵敏度由1.5 nT/Hz^(1/2)提升到0.13 nT/Hz^(1/2)。同时,通过闭环锁定技术,磁力计最小可检测磁感应强度由10 nT增强到1 nT。该方法在理论和实验上均得到了验证,能够实现磁力计灵敏度和分辨率的提高,为高灵敏度和高分辨率磁力计的设计提供了参考,同时对自旋电子磁共振的基础研究也有着重要的意义。

基于金刚石NV色心的微角度测量方法

微角度检测在超高精密测量技术中有着重要的作用。研发了一种基于金刚石氮空位(NV)色心的微角度测量方法,其中NV色心作为微角度检测敏感单元,共轴磁铁作为传感单元,由于共轴磁铁和金刚石NV轴之间不同夹角下的磁场强度变化引起金刚石NV色心自旋能级波动,从而使得光学探测磁共振(ODMR)信号漂移,通过闭环频率锁定技术的实时追踪实现微角度的检测。并对微角度测量进行了理论分析和实验测试,理论和实验结果基本一致。同时,通过该方法获得了微角度传感检测的灵敏度为200 mV/deg,分辨率为10 mdeg,系统的等效角度均方根噪声为0.69 mdeg/Hz^(1/2)。该方法为高灵敏度、高分辨率的微角度检测提供了新的手段,同时实时追踪金刚石多个NV轴,可实现姿态矢量微角度检测。

Laser-polarization-dependent spontaneous emission of the zero phonon line from single nitrogen vacancy center in diamond

We investigate spontaneous emission properties and control of the zero phonon line （ZPL） from a diamond nitrogen- vacancy （NV） center coherently driven by a single ellipfically polarized control field. We use the Schrrdinger equation to calculate the probability amplitudes of the wave function of the coupled system and derive analytical expressions of the spontaneous emission spectra. The numerical results show that a few interesting phenomena such as enhancement, narrowing, suppression, and quenching of the ZPL spontaneous emission can be realized by modulating the polarization- dependent phase, the Zeeman shift, and the intensity of the control field in our system. In the dressed-state picture of the control field, we find that multiple spontaneously generated coherence arises due to three close-lying states decaying to the same state. These results are useful in real experiments.

集群金刚石NV色心量子自旋定向激发磁传感增强方法

为满足工业磁传感器高灵敏度、高信噪比(SNR)测量需求,基于自制的共聚焦磁检测系统,提出一种基于脉冲幅度调制技术的集群金刚石氮空位(NV)色心量子自旋定向激发(QSDE)方法。利用任意波形发生器构建sin型QSDE脉冲光探测磁共振序列,抑制传感体系中对微波敏感的Ns杂质与NV色心产生耦合效应带来的线宽展宽与噪声,提升谱线对比度的同时降低了线宽与噪声,突破微波强度对灵敏度和SNR的限制。经实验验证,相较连续波光探测磁共振(CW-ODMR)方法,该方法可将磁传感灵敏度和信噪比分别大约提升5倍和20 dB,为量子精密测量领域开辟了全新的技术路径和研究思路。

金刚石NV色心系综内14N核自旋测量与调控

金刚石内氮空位(NV)色心中的氮核自旋是一个原子级别磁结构,无法如同NV电子自旋一样在任意磁场下受光泵浦极化。随机指向的氮核自旋缩短了NV色心电子自旋的相干时间,限制了NV色心电子自旋的传感测量能力。通过激光、微波和射频脉冲共同作用完成NV色心中氮核自旋的磁共振测量和调控,表明其可以被调控和初始化。研究结果表明,NV色心中的14N核自旋在2.79、4.95和7.11 MHz处具有共振信号。测量得到的核自旋系综Rabi信号在11个π脉冲的脉冲宽度射频作用后仍然具有明显相干性,而电子自旋系综在7个π脉冲的脉冲宽度微波作用后已经完全退相干,表明其具有远优于NV电子自旋的相干性质。引入单个π脉冲脉冲宽度的射频信号后,14N核自旋在一个态上的布居数降低了50%。这项工作可为在基于NV色心的传感测量应用中引入核自旋调控提升传感能力提供技术支撑。

NV色心磁场测量装置圆极化操控技术

由于金刚石氮空位(NV)色心的磁测量装置兼具高空间分辨率与高测量灵敏度的优点可用于半实物仿真暗室内弱磁场的测量。对金刚石NV色心磁测量装置的圆极化操控技术进行研究,设计圆极化谐振器,并结合高输出功率的射频放大器实现NV色心能级的选择性操控。通过光学检测磁共振(ODMR)与拉比振荡实验验证操控系统的性能,结果表明该系统的圆极化度高达93.24%,可实现高效的圆极化量子态操控。该技术有望在磁测量中去除线圈或永磁体提供的磁场偏置,缩小NV色心磁测量装置的体积,对暗室内弱磁场测量技术的发展具有重要意义。

基于金刚石NV色心的弱磁场测量

从选题背景、实验原理、实验设计方案、实验结果与讨论、教学应用与展望等方面入手,介绍了基于金刚石NV色心的弱磁场测量相关的实验教学研究.重点阐述了金刚石NV色心的制备、共聚焦光路系统的搭建、通电线圈和圆柱形磁铁磁场的测量以及三维亥姆霍兹线圈的应用.该成果转化应用到全国大学生物理实验竞赛中,通过竞赛、教学、科研的有机结合,培养学生的综合素质和实践创新能力,并丰富大学物理实验的前沿教学内容.