PCR Detection of Virulence Genes Colv,Stxs and HlyE of Escherichia coli

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the presence of three causative genes Colv,Stxs and HlyE of the pathogenic E.coli from chickens,pigs and food.[Method] By using 44 E.coli strains from chickens,24 from pigs and 26 from food as the experimental materials,virulence genes Colv,Stxs（stx2,stx2e） and HlyE were detected with polymerase chain reaction（PCR） method.[Result] Among all the E.coli strains,the detection rate of Colv was 25% from chickens,4.2% from pigs,and 0 from food;the detection rate of Stx2（Stx2e） from all E.coli strains was 0;the detection rate of HlyE was 2.27% from chickens,0 from pigs,and 11.5% from food.[Conclusion] Virulence gene Colv shows relatively high carrying rate in E.coli from chickens and pigs;HlyE also shows a certain degree of presence in E.coli from chickens and food.

Comparison of extended spectrum β-lactamasesproducing Escherichia coli with non-ESBLsproducing E.coli:drug-resistance and virulence

The virulent factors of Escherichia coil （E.cofi） play an important role in the process of pathopoiesis. The study aimed to compare drug-resistant genes and virulence genes between extended spectrum β-1actamases （ESBLs）-producing E.coli and non-ESBLs-producing E.cofi to provide a reference for physicians in management of hospital infection. From October 2010 to August 2011,96 drug-resistant strains of E. coli isolated were collected from the specimens in Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China. These bacteria strains were divided into a ESBLs-producing group and a non-ESBLs-producing group. Drug sensitivity tests were performed using the Kirby-Bauer （K-B） method. Disinfectant gene, qacEAl-sull and 8 virulence genes （CNF2, hlyA, eaeA, VT1, est, bfpA, elt, and CNF1） were tested by polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Among the 96 E.coli isolates, the ESBLs-producing E.coli comprised 46 （47.9%） strains and the non-ESBLs-producing E.cofi consisted of 50 （52.1%） strains. The detection rates of multiple drug-resistant strain, qacEAl-sull, CNF2, hlyA, eaeA,VT1, est, bfpA, elt, and CNF1 in 46 ESBLs-producing E.coli isolates were 89.1%, 76.1%, 6.5%, 69.6%, 69.6%, 89.1%, 10.9%, 26.1%, 8.7%, and 19.6%, respectively. In the non-ESBLs-producing E.cofi strains, the positive rates of multiple drug-resistant strain, qacEAl-sull, CNF2, hlyA, eaeA, VT1, est, bfpA, elt, and CNF1 were 62.0%, 80.0%, 16.0%, 28.0%, 64.0%, 38.0%, 6.0%, 34.0%, 10.0%, and 24.0%, respectively. The difference in the detection rates of multiple drug-resistant strain, hlyA and VT1 between the ESBLs-producing E.cofi strains and the non-ESBLs-producing E.cofi strains was statistically significant （P〈0.05）. The positive rate of multiple drug-resistant strains is higher in the ESBLs-producing strains than in the non-ESBLs-producing strains. The expression of some virulence genes hlyA and VT1 varies between the ESBLs-producing strains and the non-ESBLs-producing strains. Increased awareness of clinicians and enhanced testing by laboratories are required to reduce treatment failures and prevent the spread of multiple drug-resistant strains.

超分辨显微技术结合smFISH方法在E.coli sRNA SgrS定位中的应用

细菌调节小RNA通常与靶mRNA结合,影响翻译和mRNA降解过程.了解细菌小RNA的定量和定位信息,将有助于揭示细菌转录后水平的调控机制.小RNA SgrS通过抑制ptsG mRNA翻译起始,参与细菌磷酸葡萄糖代谢的应激过程.本研究应用单分子荧光原位杂交(smFISH)方法和超分辨显微技术可视化定位大肠杆菌细胞内小RNA SgrS,并初步验证伴侣分子Hfq蛋白和RNaseE降解酶对小RNA SgrS定位的影响.选取大肠杆菌模式菌MG1655 (野生株)、sgrS敲除株(△sgrS)和过表达株(△sgrS-pBAD-SgrS),使用RNA印迹和smFISH方法验证SgrS的过表达.应用smFISH方法分别在野生菌株、hfq敲除株(△hfq)和rne敲除株(△rne-710)中定位小RNA SgrS和ptsG mRNA,超分辨成像观察.与野生株相比,△hfq和△rne-710中SgrS主要定位于近膜区域,ptsG mRNA定位于细菌胞浆中,并且这两种RNA拷贝数均极显著增加.以上结果表明,分别敲除大肠杆菌hfq和rne-710基因导致SgrS和ptsG mRNA的表达量增加. smFISH方法和超分辨技术的结合应用为细菌RNA的直观定量和定位提供了高敏感性的检测方法,可用于基因调控的功能研究.

Performance Parameters:Demobilization Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria(ARB)and Carrying Genes(ARG)in Wastewater Disinfection

The UV irradiation is used for removing Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria(ARB)and Antibiotic Resistance Genes(ARG)from wastewater treatment.Bacteriophages are viruses that infect within bacteria,are recognized for bacterial control.The influence of some parameters in quantification and performance influencing of pathogen demobilization could be considered in disinfection of wastewater.The comparison of Polyvalent phage(NE1)versus Coliphage(NE4)in suppressing a bacterium Escherichia coli(NDM-1:b-lactam-resistant)with UV irradiation was observed the efficacy in reduction of cells in the disinfection and parameter process.The results with the effect of UV-C irradiation on NDM-1 infected with 1%of NE4 showed a decrease of cells from 8×10^(6)to 2×10^(5)in 60 min with UV-C dose.The NDM1(E.coli)was infected with 1%of NE4(Polyvalent Phage)under magnetic stirring for 1 h,the cells count was 8×10^(6).After 1 h in UV-C e×posure,the cells number reached 3×10^(5).The NDM1 that was e×posed in 1 h of UV-C irradiation and then was infected with 1%of NE4.Cells counting were done 24 h after this procedure.These cells were e×posed in UV-C and showed a reduction in the number of cells from 1×10^(8)to 4×10^(5)after 60 min.The results indicate that bacteriophages can mitigate bacteria species,and combined the conventional water disinfection technologies that can support the microbial safety control strategies.

猪源大肠杆菌(ETEC、STEC、AEEC)毒力基因及其与O抗原型的关系

【目的】揭示从我国部分地区仔猪腹泻或水肿病病猪体内分离到的300个大肠杆菌分离株所属病原型(pathotype)、毒力基因及其与O血清型的关系。【方法】O血清型采用常规的凝集试验进行测定,毒力基因采用PCR方法检测。【结果】通过对这300个分离株的O血清型及其毒素、紧密素和黏附素基因进行鉴定,结果显示除50株未定型、17株自凝外,测定出233个分离株的血清型,这些分离株覆盖了45个血清型,其中以O149、O107、O139、O93和O91为主,共133株,占定型菌株的57.1%;拥有estⅠ、estⅡ、elt、stx2e和eaeA基因的菌株分别为102(34.0%)、190(63.3%)、81(27.0%)、57(19.0%)和54(18.0%)株;分离株中有51株K88基因阳性(其中菌毛表达率为100%),75株F18基因阳性(其中菌毛表达率为50.7%),在K88菌株中,O149血清型与estⅠ或estⅡ+elt密切相关,在F18菌株中,O107血清型与estⅠ或estⅡ、O139血清型与stx2e紧密相关。依其毒力特征可将这些分离株分为以下6种类型:ETEC、STEC、AEEC、ETEC/STEC、AEEC/ETEC和AEEC/ETEC/STEC,分别拥有190、24、36、32、17和1个菌株,占分离株的63.3%、8.0%、12.0%、10.7%、5.7%和0.3%。通过分析这些分离株的O血清型、毒素类型和黏附素型之间的相关性:猪源ETEC以O149、O107、O93和O98等血清型为主,O149:K88菌株主要与estⅡ或estⅡ+elt肠毒素相关,O107:F18菌株主要与estⅡ相关,O93和O98血清型菌株主要与estⅡ肠毒素相关;STEC菌株以O139:F18血清型为主,拥有stx2e;AEEC菌株拥有紧密素,无明显优势血清型;ETEC/STEC菌株以O107:F18和O116:F18血清型为主,主要与estⅠ+stx2e或estⅡ+stx2e密切相关,ETEC/AEEC菌株以O91和O107血清型为主,全部拥有肠毒素estⅠ和紧密素基因。【结论】我国至少存在6种病原型的猪肠道致病性大肠杆菌,其中ETEC为我国部分地区猪大肠杆菌病的主要病原,同时其病原型日益复杂。

烟夜蛾(Helicoverpa assulta Guenée)滞育激素基因在大肠杆菌中的表达

采用RT PCR技术从烟夜蛾(HelicoverpaassultaGuen啨e)滞育蛹中扩增到滞育激素(diapausehormone,DH)基因cDNA,将其与pET 30a(+)质粒连接后转化至大肠杆菌BL21中,测序结果表明,重组质粒插入片段编码序列完整,读框正确;重组工程菌用IPTG诱导表达后,SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测到一条约21kDa大小的外源蛋白,它与DH的大小相应.DH基因原核表达载体的成功构建为大量获取DH重组蛋白、研究DH的结构及功能奠定了基础.

乙型脑炎病毒E蛋白N端片段在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用 PCR扩增乙型脑炎病毒 E蛋白基因 5′端片段 ,克隆入原核表达载体 p ET-2 8a,转化大肠杆菌 BL2 1 ( ED3 )。经 IPTG诱导表达后 ,SDS-PAGE分析表达产物。结果表明 ,所表达的E蛋白片段的分子量约为 3 .4万 ,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 3 5%。 JEV E蛋白片段在大肠杆菌中的成功表达 ,为制备 JE实验室诊断抗原和分析

Transmission of ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant Escherichia coli among pets,veterinarians and animal hospital environment

Ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) is a recently approved combination synthetic β-lactamase inhibitor used in human clinical medicine. Cases of CZA resistance in humans have already been reported, but limited research has investigated CZA resistance in pets. This study explored the prevalence and transmission of CZA-resistant Escherichia coli (CZAREC) among pets, their owners, veterinarians, and the environment in animal hospitals. A total of 5,419 clinical samples were collected from dogs and cats, along with samples from the environment (n = 5,843), veterinarians (n = 557), and pet owners (n = 368) in animal hospitals. From these samples, 760 Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolates were obtained, out of which 60 were identified as CZAREC. These included 34 isolates from the environment (9.14 %, n = 372), three from veterinarians (8.11 %, n = 37), and 23 from animals (6.82 %, n = 337). No CZAREC isolates were found in pet owners. The predominant sequence types of CZARECs were ST156 (n = 20), ST410 (n = 19) and ST101 (n = 7). Bayesian analysis revealed six clusters comprising 47 isolates from the hospital environment, pets, and veterinaries, displaying genetic relatedness of less than 100 core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms (cgSNPs) between any two isolates in each cluster. Some CZAREC isolates with high genetic similarity persisted in the same animal hospital for four to six months. Moreover, discriminant analysis of principal components indicated that most isolates from different hosts shared a genetic source in the human/dog/cat merged cluster. Overall, evidence of CZARECs transmission was found among pets, the environment, and veterinarians in animal hospitals. The findings emphasize the importance of monitoring CZARECs in the veterinary clinical setting to ensure the health of both pets and humans.

脂联素原核表达载体PQE30/ADPN的构建及其表达与纯化

目的构建大鼠全长脂联素(fAd)和球状域脂联素(gAd)重组表达载体PQE30/ADPN,并在大肠杆菌宿主系统中表达出脂联素蛋白,对表达产物进行纯化和鉴定。方法将纯化的脂联素克隆产物与原核表达载体PQE30通过双酶切方法位点特异地连接在一起,再转化入大肠杆菌M15感受态细胞中,并用IPTG诱导表达,并通过亲和层析、去盐、去除内毒素等纯化蛋白。结果PCR获得长度分别为684bp(fAd)和402bp(gAd)的目的片段,经PQE30原核表达载体连接、筛选及序列分析后,证实所插入目的片段与GenBank中脂联素序列(序列号:NM_144744)完全一致;含重组脂联素质粒的大肠杆菌在30℃经0.5mmol.L-1IPTG诱导6h时,可溶性蛋白表达量最高。结论成功克隆大鼠脂联素基因,并在大肠杆菌中获得有效表达。

UV-TiO_2 photocatalytic disinfection and photoreactivation of pathogenic bacterium in municipal wastewater

The disinfected bacteria will be a photoreactivation under the irradiation of the sunlight,and the light intensity plays an important role in the bacteria resurrection.The effect of light intensity on photoreactivation of Escherichia coli(E.coli) and Enterococcus faecalis(E.faecalis) in secondary effluents which were disinfected respectively by pure UV and UV-TiO_2 was investigated.The results show that the disinfection efficiency of UV-TiO_2 is much higher than that of the pure UV disinfection.The photoreactivation rate of E.coli is much higher in pure UV disinfection than in UV-TiO_2 photocatalytic disinfection.Under high light intensity in UV-TiO_2 disinfection,high resurrection rate can be induced.However,a higher resurrection rate can be introduced even under low light intensity in pure UV disinfection alone.Meanwhile,UV-TiO_2 disinfection has a strong inhibition effect on E.faecalis photoreactivation.When the light intensity is lower than 21 μW/cm^2,nearly no resurrection of E.faecalis occurs after 72 h resurrection irradiation,and a little resurrection rate is observed only under a strong photoreactivating light intensity.

Cloning and expression and purification of Hepatitis B e-antigen precursor in Escherichia coli

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of the 25 kD hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) precursor that only exist inside hepatocytes and study its effect on the pathopoiesis of hepatitis B and QIAGEN expression and purification system. METHODS: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) preC/C gene for the 25 kD HBeAg precursor was cloned into the expression vector pQE30 and the 25 kD HBeAg precursor was expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and purified. Its antigenicity for 21 kD mature HBeAg was tested by western blot analysis. RESULTS: Cloned fragments in the expression vector were sequenced and verified to be homogeneous with that of HBV (ayw subtype). Expression of the HBeAg precursor in E. coli under the transcriptional regulation of T5 promoter yielded a soluble cytosolic protein with an apparent molecular mass of 25 kD. Recombinant HBeAg precursor exhibited identical potencies with 21 kD mature HBeAg that reacted with anti-HBeAg antibodies. The purification rate of the expressed HBeAg precursor was up to 89.6% and the yield of purified HBeAg precursor from this procedure was 2.4 mg/L. CONCLUSION: 25 kD HBeAg precursor exhibited biological activity and might play an important role in pathopoiesis of hepatitis B.

Truncated glycoprotein E of varicella-zoster virus is an ideal immunogen for Escherichia coli-based vaccine design

Varicella-zoster virus(VZV)is a highly infectious agent responsible for both varicella and herpes zoster disease.Despite high efficacy,there remain safety and accessibility concerns with the licensed vaccines.Here,we sought to produce a VZV g E immunogen using an E.coli expression system.We found that the soluble expression and yield of g E protein could be enhanced via C-terminal truncations to the protein,thereby facilitating a robust and scalable purification process for the purpose of vaccine manufacturing.The lead truncated g E(aa 31–358),hereafter referred to as tg E,was a homogenous monomer in solution and showed excellent antigenicity.Finally,we assessed and compared the immunogenicity of tg E with commercial v Oka LAV and Shingrix vaccine.We found that aluminum-adjuvanted tg E was immunogenic as compared with v Oka LAV.When adjuvanted with AS01B,a two-dose immunization of tg E showed comparable or better potency in antibody responses and cell-mediated immunity with those of the Shingrix vaccine at the same dosage,especially in terms of the proportion of IFN-γ-expressing CD4^(+)T cells.In conclusion,this method of E.coli-mediate tg E expression offers a cost-effective and scalable strategy to generate an ideal VZV g E immunogen for the development of both varicella and zoster vaccines.

Recombination of T4-like Phages and Its Activity against Pathogenic Escherichia coli in Planktonic and Biofilm Forms

The increasing emergence of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli(E.coli)has become a global concern,primarily due to the limitation of antimicrobial treatment options.Phage therapy has been considered as a promising alternative for treating infections caused by multi-drug resistant E.coli.However,the application of phages as a promising antimicrobial agent is limited by their narrow host range and specificity.In this research,a recombinant T4-like phage,named WGqlae,has been obtained by changing the receptor specificity determinant region of gene 37,using a homologous recombination platform of T4-like phages established by our laboratory previously.The engineered phage WGqlae can lyse four additional hosts,comparing to its parental phages WG01 and QL01.WGqlae showed similar characteristics,including thermo and pH stability,optimal multiplicity of infection and one-step growth curve,to the donor phage QL01.In addition,sequencing results showed that gene 37 of recombinant phage WGqlae had genetically stable even after 20 generations.In planktonic test,phage WGqlae had significant antimicrobial effects on E.coli DE192 and DE205 B.The optical density at 600 nm(OD600)of E.coli in phage WGqlae treating group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P\0.01).Besides,phage WGqlae demonstrated an obvious inhibitory effect on the biofilm formation and the clearance of mature biofilms.Our study suggested that engineered phages may be promising candidates for future phage therapy applications against pathogenic E.coli in planktonic and biofilm forms.

三种大肠杆菌高效感受态的制备及转化

描述了一种改良的高效细菌感受态的制备和感受态细胞的保藏及细菌的转化方法.三种不同的大肠杆菌分别是DH5α,TG1和XL1blue,其中最有效的是XL1blue.每种菌株的感受态细胞制备的最佳光密度(OD600值)不同.对感受态细胞的存储时间及其与转化效率之间的关系也进行了研究,结果显示感受态细胞可以在-20℃存储7d,在-70℃存储15d.将常见的方法做了三种改进:首先是将CaCl2溶液改为TB溶液;其次是将培养基由LB换成S.O.C;再就是在质粒对感受态细胞的转化过程中加入DMSO或PEG8000.改良的细菌转化系统比常见的方法能提高转化效率约1000倍,是一种高效的细菌转化系统.

特异性抗内毒素鸡蛋黄抗体的制备

目的 制备特异抗内毒素鸡蛋黄免疫球蛋白 (Eggyolkimmunoglobulin ,IgY) ,探索防治内毒素血症的新途径。方法 用大肠杆菌J5株、内毒素 (Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)及类脂A(LipidA)作抗原免疫 2 5周龄Roman鸡 ,改良水溶法提取抗体 ,进行紫外分光光度计检测、SDS PAGE及Westernblot免疫印迹分析 ,通过酶联染色反应检测其免疫学活性。结果 大肠杆菌J5株、LPS及LipidA抗体含量分别为 11.4、9.2、9.3mg mL蛋黄液 ,质量分数分别为 92 .3%、87.13%、90 .4 % ,分子质量为180 0 0 0u ,初步鉴定其对内毒素具有特异性结合作用。结论 用大肠杆菌J5株、LPS及LipidA免疫鸡制备的IgY效价高、特异性强、产量大 。

猪源大肠杆菌 O157：H7与 O157的差异蛋白质组学分析

为了阐述O157:H7与O157的致病力差异与蛋白质表达差异之间的关系,我们利用双向电泳技术和质谱技术对大肠杆菌两类菌株之间进行蛋白质组学差异分析。菌体蛋白经双向电泳技术分离后,利用软件Image Master TM2DPlatinum7.0对所得双向电泳图谱进行差异分析并借助质谱技术对差异蛋白质点进行鉴定,获得了背景清晰、分辨率高、重复性好的菌体总蛋白的双向电泳图谱。两样品图谱差异分析结果表明,共确定了28个有效的蛋白质差异点(Av.ratio>2.0,ANOVA<0.05),经质谱鉴定将这28个差异点注释成23种蛋白质。对得到注释的23种蛋白质进行功能分类,发现7类蛋白质与致病性密切相关,即溶菌酶抑制剂、通用应激蛋白、LuxS、鞭毛蛋白以及3种外膜蛋白。本结果将为进一步研究O157:H7菌株的致病因子,探究O157:H7与其它大肠杆菌菌株的致病力差异,以及建立快速鉴别诊断O157:H7的试剂盒提供重要的依据。

两种稀土卟啉配合物与大肠杆菌作用的微量热研究

用LKB-2277生物活性检测系统测定了新合成的阳离子型稀土卟啉配合物狖犤Re(TMP)(H2O)3犦Cl,Re=Y、Yb,TMP=5,10,15,20-四(4'-甲氧基苯基)卟啉狚在37℃时对大肠杆菌作用的产热曲线,根据产热曲线求算了在稀土卟啉配合物作用下,大肠杆菌生长代谢的速率常数k,抑制率I,传代时间tG和半抑制浓度cI,50等热动力学参数.结果表明,稀土卟啉配合物在低浓度下对大肠杆菌有刺激作用,高浓度下为抑制作用,犤Yb(TMP)(H2O)3犦Cl的半抑制浓度cI,50为143mg·L-1,其对大肠杆菌的抑制作用优于犤Y(TMP)(H2O)3犦Cl.

重组大肠杆菌细胞不对称还原4-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯合成(R)-(+)-4-氯-3-羟基丁酸乙酯

从赭色掷孢酵母(Sporobolomyces salmonicolorZJU0105)中克隆出NADPH依赖型醛基还原酶基因,构建了重组大肠杆菌E.coliBL21(pET28-ALR0105),该工程菌可以高效地表达醛基还原酶.将重组细胞用于催化4-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯不对称还原,合成出具有光学活性的(R)-(+)-4-氯-3-羟基丁酸乙酯.实验发现,在加入适量辅酶及辅酶再生酶的条件下,利用重组细胞催化还原反应可以获得比使用赭色掷孢酵母更高的转化率、产率和ee值,得到了几乎是光学纯的(R)-(+)-型产物,从而解决了酵母细胞催化此类反应ee值较低的问题.考察了辅酶及共底物的添加、底物和产物的浓度、pH值、温度以及菌体密度等因素对还原反应的影响.结果表明,不对称还原反应必须在辅酶NADPH和辅酶再生酶系及共底物葡萄糖的参与下进行;底物和高浓度的产物对还原反应有一定的抑制作用;当pH>6.0时,反应的转化率及产率都显著降低;高密度重组细胞可以减小底物的抑制作用.

重组戊型肝炎病毒衣壳蛋白工程菌的高密度培养

在 10L发酵罐中对戊型肝炎病毒衣壳蛋白在重组大肠杆菌中表达发酵工艺进行了研究 ,用分批培养方法探讨了不同培养基、培养基中磷酸盐浓度和Mg2 + 浓度等因素对菌体生长与重组蛋白表达的影响 ;用分批补料培养研究了不同的补料工艺对菌体生长与重组蛋白表达的影响 ,同时对重组菌诱导时期、诱导持续时间以及不同诱导温度表达包含体在尿素溶液中的溶解性进行了研究。结果表明 ,在优化后的培养基中 ,磷酸盐浓度、Mg2 + 浓度分别为 80mmol L与 2 0mmol L时菌体生长与表达效果较好 ;分批补料培养中 ,37℃培养 9h菌体达到对数期中期 (约 4 5OD6 0 0 )为适宜诱导时期 ,加入终浓度为 1 0mmol LIPTG后诱导 5h ,OD6 0 0 达到 80以上 ,重组蛋白表达量达到2 9 74 % ,为最适收获菌体时间 ;37℃表达的包含体 80 %以上溶解在 4mol L的尿素溶液中 ,最终浓度达到 14mg mL ;10L发酵罐中确定的发酵工艺参数在 30L发酵罐中进行了放大培养 ,10L发酵罐中确定的发酵工艺参数在 30L发酵罐上具有可放大性与重复性 ,可以应用于工业生产。