In this study, electrorheological (ER) behavior of suspensions prepared from 3.0 and 9.0 μm diatomite particulate, dispersed in insulating silicone oil (SO) medium was investigated. Sedimentation stabilities of s...In this study, electrorheological (ER) behavior of suspensions prepared from 3.0 and 9.0 μm diatomite particulate, dispersed in insulating silicone oil (SO) medium was investigated. Sedimentation stabilities of suspensions (c = 5 wt%) prepared using these diatomite powders were determined to be 32 days (d = 3 μm) and 24 days (d = 9 μm), respectively. ER activity of all the suspensions was observed to increase with increasing electric field strength, concentration and decreasing shear rate. Shear stress of diatomite suspensions increased linearly with increasing concentrations of the particles and with the applied electric field strength. Electric field viscosity of all the suspensions decreased sharply with increasing shear rate and particle size, showing a typical shear thinning non-Newtonian visco-elastic behavior. Effects of high temperature and polar promoter onto ER activity ofdiatomite/SO system were also investigated.展开更多
Bio-silica issued from diatom, a microalgae, is attracted increasing attention in material science thanks to its peculiar nanoarchitecture and related properties with versatile applications. The present work is a deep...Bio-silica issued from diatom, a microalgae, is attracted increasing attention in material science thanks to its peculiar nanoarchitecture and related properties with versatile applications. The present work is a deep analysis on morphological and chemical properties of bio-silica issued from fossil origin (diatomaceous earth) and living one (algal paste). An optimization in purification protocol was performed to obtain multiparous bio-silica from its raw media with keeping its original shape entirely. Multiple characterization methods as scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (DRX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), nitrogen adsorption and inverse gas chromatography (IGC), were used to check the purification protocol efficiency as well as to gather accurate information on morphology and chemical composition of diatom material obtained in large amount.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of silicone oil(SO)as a corneal lubricant to improve visualization during vitrectomy.METHODS:Patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery were divided into two groups.Group 1 wa...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of silicone oil(SO)as a corneal lubricant to improve visualization during vitrectomy.METHODS:Patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery were divided into two groups.Group 1 was operated on with initial SO(Oxane 5700)as a corneal lubricant.Group 2 was operated on with initial lactated ringer’s solution(LRS)and then replaced with SO as required.Fundus clarity was scored during the surgery.Fluorescein staining was performed to determine the damage to corneal epithelium.RESULTS:Totally 114 eyes of 114 patients were included.Single SO use maintained a clear cornea and provided excellent visualization of surgical image.In group 1,the fundus clarity was grade 3 in 41/45 eyes and grade 2 in 4/45 eyes.In group 2,corneal edema frequently occurred after initial LRS use.The fundus clarity was grade 3 in 19/69 eyes,2 in 37/69 eyes and 1 in 13/69 eyes(P<0.05).SO was applied in 29 eyes of initial LRS use with subsequent corneal edema,which eliminated the corneal edema in 26 eyes.Corneal fluorescein staining score in group 1 was 0 in 28 eyes,1 in 11 eyes and 2 in 6 eyes,and 40,20 and 9,respectively,in group 2(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The use of SO as a corneal lubricant is effective and safe for preserving and improving corneal clarity and providing clear surgical field during vitrectomy.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate scleral buckling(SB)surgery using a noncontact wide-field viewing system and 23-gauge intraocular illumination for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in silicone oil(SO)-filled eyes.MET...AIM:To evaluate scleral buckling(SB)surgery using a noncontact wide-field viewing system and 23-gauge intraocular illumination for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in silicone oil(SO)-filled eyes.METHODS:Totally 9 patients(9 eyes)with retinal detachment in SO-filled eyes were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent non-contact wide-field viewing system-assisted buckling surgery with 23-gauge intraocular illumination.SO was removed at an appropriate time based on recovery.The patients were followed up for at least 3mo after SO removal.Retinal reattachment,complications,visual acuity and intraocular pressure(IOP)before and after surgery were observed.RESULTS:Patients were followed up for a mean of 8.22mo(3-22mo)after SO removal.All patients had retinal reattachment.At the final follow-up,visual acuity showed improvement for 8 patients,and no change for 1 patient.The IOP was high in 3 patients before surgery,but it stabilized after treatment;it was not affected in the other patients.None of the patients had infections,hemorrhage,anterior ischemia,or any other complication.CONCLUSION:This new non-contact wide-field viewing system-assisted SB surgery with 23-gauge intraocular illumination is effective and safe for retinal detachment in SO-filled eyes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Endophthalmitis occurring in silicone oil-filled eyes is a very rare occurrence,with reported incidence rates ranging between 0.07%and 0.039%.Traditional methods of management of infectious endophthalmitis ...BACKGROUND Endophthalmitis occurring in silicone oil-filled eyes is a very rare occurrence,with reported incidence rates ranging between 0.07%and 0.039%.Traditional methods of management of infectious endophthalmitis include the removal of silicone oil,washout of the vitreous cavity,administration of intravitreal antibiotics,and reinjection of silicone oil.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report the case of a 39-year-old man with unilateral endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade.Intravitreal injections of full-dose antibiotics and anterior chamber washout were used to treat the patient.No signs of retinal toxicity were observed during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION Intravitreal full-dose antibiotic injections and anterior chamber washout are promising alternatives to traditional therapies for endophthalmitis in silicone oilfilled eyes.展开更多
Silicone is a kind of polymer material with high cross-linked structure,which is com-posed by Si-O-Si main chain.Due to the special molecular chain structure,silicone mate-rials are characterized by oxidation resistan...Silicone is a kind of polymer material with high cross-linked structure,which is com-posed by Si-O-Si main chain.Due to the special molecular chain structure,silicone mate-rials are characterized by oxidation resistance,aging resistance,high and low temperature resistance and chemical corrosion resistance.Moreover,silicone materials have process-able properties,simple forming process,good mechanical property,non-toxic and pollution-free.Therefore,silicone has been widely concerned by researchers at home and abroad.In this paper,the main research progress and application directions of carbon-silicone composite at home and abroad in recent years are reviewed.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the feasibility of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy(En-DCR)with bicanalicular silicone tube intubation for treating chronic dacryocystitis secondary to nasolacrimal duct stent(NDS)incarceration.METH...AIM:To investigate the feasibility of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy(En-DCR)with bicanalicular silicone tube intubation for treating chronic dacryocystitis secondary to nasolacrimal duct stent(NDS)incarceration.METHODS:En-DCRs were performed on 44 chronic dacryocystitis patients(46 eyes)secondary to NDS incarceration from April 2016 to October 2022.The granuloma and scar tissues were separated,and the removal of NDS incarceration was achieved during the surgery;the flap of the lacrimal sac was trimmed and anastomosed with nasal mucosal,a bicanalicular silicone tube was implanted,and lacrimal size and condition were assessed.The tube was removed 3mo after surgery.During the final follow-up of 12mo when the surgery was completed,the complications and the rates of surgical success were assessed.RESULTS:This study covered 40 patients(42 eyes).Intraoperatively,it was found that the lacrimal sac became small,and the sac wall had granulation and scar tissue attached to the incarcerated NDS in all eyes.At 12mo after surgery completed,the rates of the functional and anatomical success reached 80.95%(34/42)and 83.33%(35/42),respectively.Under the effect of intranasal ostial closure,seven eyes failed to achieve anatomical success.No serious complications(e.g.,visual impairment,sinusitis,and orbital fat prolapse)was observed.CONCLUSION:With the success rate over 80%and no serious complications,En-DCR with bicanalicular silicone tube implantation is effective in treating chronic dacryocystitis secondary to NDS incarceration.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the postoperative refractive prediction error(PE)and determine the factors that af fect the refractive outcomes of combined pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)or silicone oil removal(SOR)with cataract surgery.M...AIM:To evaluate the postoperative refractive prediction error(PE)and determine the factors that af fect the refractive outcomes of combined pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)or silicone oil removal(SOR)with cataract surgery.METHODS:The study is a retrospective,case-series study.Totally 301 eyes of 301 patients undergoing combined PPV/SOR with cataract surgery were enrolled.Eligible individuals were separated into four groups according to their preoperative diagnoses:silicone oil-filled eyes after PPV(group 1),epiretinal membrane(group 2),macular hole(group 3),and primary retinal detachment(RD;group 4).The variables af fecting postoperative refractive outcomes were analyzed,including age,gender,preoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),axial length(AL),keratometry average,anterior chamber depth(ACD),intraocular tamponade,and vitreoretinal pathology.The outcome measurements include the mean refractive PE and the proportions of eyes with a PE within±0.50 diopter(D)and±1.00 D.RESULTS:For all patients,the mean PE was-0.04±1.17 D,and 50.17%of patients(eyes)had a PE within±0.50 D.There was a significant difference in refractive outcomes among the four groups(P=0.028),with RD(group 4)showing the least favorable refractive outcome.In multivariate regression analysis,only AL,vitreoretinal pathology,and ACD were strongly associated with PE(all P<0.01).Univariate analysis revealed that longer eyes(AL>26 mm)and a deeper ACD were correlated with hyperopic PE,and shorter eyes(AL<26 mm)and a shallower ACD were correlated with myopic PE.CONCLUSION:RD patients have the least favorable refractive outcome.AL,vitreoretinal pathology,and ACD are strongly associated with PE in the combined surgery.These three factors affect refractive outcomes and thus can be used to predict a better postoperative refractive outcome in clinical practice.展开更多
Since the discovery of mesoporous silica in 1990s,there have been numerous mesoporous silica-based nanomaterials developed for catalytic applications,aiming at enhanced catalytic activity and stability.Recently,there ...Since the discovery of mesoporous silica in 1990s,there have been numerous mesoporous silica-based nanomaterials developed for catalytic applications,aiming at enhanced catalytic activity and stability.Recently,there have also been considerable interests in endowing them with hierarchical porosities to overcome the diffusional limitation for those with long unimodal channels.Present processes of making mesoporous silica largely rely on chemical sources which are relatively expensive and impose environmental concerns on their processes.In this regard,it is desirable to develop hierarchical silica supports from natural minerals.Herein,we present a series of work on surface reconstruction,modification,and functionalization to produce diatomite-based catalysts with original morphology and macro-meso-micro porosities and to test their suitability as catalyst supports for both liquid-and gas-phase reactions.Two wet-chemical routes were developed to introduce mesoporosity to both amorphous and crystalline diatomites.Importantly,we have used computational modeling to affirm that the diatomite morphology can improve catalytic performance based on fluid dynamics simulations.Thus,one could obtain this type of catalysts from numerous natural diatoms that have inherently intricate morphologies and shapes in micrometer scale.In principle,such catalytic nanocomposites acting as miniaturized industrial catalysts could be employed in microfluidic reactors for process intensification.展开更多
Background: Silicone oil (SO) has been demonstrated with concrete efficacy and safety in the therapy of complex vitreoretinal diseases. SO is schemed to be cleared within several weeks or months after tamponade, but i...Background: Silicone oil (SO) has been demonstrated with concrete efficacy and safety in the therapy of complex vitreoretinal diseases. SO is schemed to be cleared within several weeks or months after tamponade, but it’s inevitable for permanent or residual SO in a fraction of patients under extremely complicated clinical conditions. Here, we presented a case of silicone oil removal after 10 years, mainly to observe the disadvantages of long-term persistence. Case presentation: A 69-year-old female with pathologic myopia denied trauma history who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), retinal reattachment, laser, and silicone oil tamponade in 2012 presented to our hospital with eye pain and headache, no light perception of her right eye for six months. The slit-lamp biomicroscopy examination for OD indicated evident conjunctival congestion, new blood vessels invasion to the limbus, foggy edema of corneal epithelium, folds of Descemet’s membrane and corneal endothelial edema. There were obvious emulsified silicone oil particles above the anterior chamber. Goldmann’s applanation tonometry test revealed the intraocular pressure was as high as 45/17mmHg. From ocular ultrasound, we saw that the vitreous cavity was filled with silicone oil in right eye;as for the left eye, it showed marked axial elongation and posterior scleral staphyloma. We were unable to obtain more information from fundus photography and macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) due to edema of the cornea. After the silicone oil was removed successfully from her vitreous cavity, although there was no improvement in the patient’s vision (no light perception), she was still satisfied with the relief from eye pain and headache benefited from the reduction of high intraocular pressure (Goldmann’s intraocular pressure decreased to 19/14mmHg). Conclusion: Patients after PPV should remove silicone oil in time to avoid corneal damage, intraocular hypertension, lens opacity and retinal damage induced by long-term silicone tamponade.展开更多
A new type of composite filler was designed by a modified sol-gel method using fly ash(FA),Fe(NO_(3))_(3)·9H_(2)O,and Ni(NO_(3))_(2)·6H_(2)O as raw materials.The composite filler was a spherical core-shell s...A new type of composite filler was designed by a modified sol-gel method using fly ash(FA),Fe(NO_(3))_(3)·9H_(2)O,and Ni(NO_(3))_(2)·6H_(2)O as raw materials.The composite filler was a spherical core-shell structure composed of FA as the core and NiFe_(2)O_(4)as the shell.Further,the composite filler was added into the silicone rubber to fabricate the high temperature vulcanized microwave absorption materials;X-ray diffraction,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscope confirmed that NiFe_(2)O_(4)was successfully coated on the surface of FA and formed a uniform and continuous coating layer.As expected,silicone rubber filled with the composite filler had a minimum reflection loss of-23.8 dB at 17.5 GHz with the thickness of 1.8 mm,while the effective absorption bandwidth was as high as 12 GHz.The addition of the composite filler greatly enhanced the microwave absorption properties of the system,which was resulted from multiple losses mechanism:interface polarization losses,magnetic losses,and multiple reflection losses.Also,silicone rubber filled with the composite filler exhibited excellent thermal stability,flexibility,environmental resistance,and hydrophobicity compared with traditional silicone rubber.Therefore,this work not only responds to the green chemistry to achieve efficient FA recovery,but also devises a new strategy to prepare microwave absorption materials with strong potential for civilian applications.展开更多
Vector accelerometer has attracted much attention for its great application potential in underground seismic signal measurement. We propose and demonstrate a novel vector accelerometer based on the three fiber Bragg g...Vector accelerometer has attracted much attention for its great application potential in underground seismic signal measurement. We propose and demonstrate a novel vector accelerometer based on the three fiber Bragg gratings(FBGs)embedded in a silicone rubber compliant cylinder at 120° distributed uniformly. The accelerometer is capable of detecting the orientation of vibration with a range of 0°–360° and the acceleration through monitoring the central wavelength shifts of three FBGs simultaneously. The experimental results show that the natural frequency of the accelerometer is about 85 Hz, and the sensitivity is 84.21 pm/g in the flat range of 20 Hz–60 Hz. Through experimental calibration, the designed accelerometer can accurately obtain vibration vector information, including vibration orientation and acceleration. In addition, the range of resonant frequency and sensitivity can be expanded by adjusting the hardness of the silicone rubber materials. Due to the characteristics of small size and orientation recognition, the accelerometer can be applied to low-frequency vibration acceleration vector measurement in narrow spaces.展开更多
AIM:To determine the incidence and predictive factors for epiretinal membrane(ERM)formation in eyes with complicated primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)tamponaded with silicone oil(SO).METHODS:This retrospe...AIM:To determine the incidence and predictive factors for epiretinal membrane(ERM)formation in eyes with complicated primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)tamponaded with silicone oil(SO).METHODS:This retrospective case-control study included 141 consecutive patients with(51 eyes)and without(90 eyes)ERM formation after primary pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)and SO tamponade for complicated RRD.The risk factors for ERM were assessed using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS:The prevalence of postoperative ERM was 36.2%(51/141).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for ERM in SO-tamponaded eyes included preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy[PVR;odds ratio(OR),2.578;95%confidence interval(CI)1.580–4.205,P<0.001],preoperative choroidal detachment(OR,4.454;95%CI 1.369–14.498,P=0.013),and photocoagulation energy(OR,2.700;95%CI 1.047–6.962,P=0.040).The duration of the preoperative symptoms,intraocular SO tamponade time,giant retinal tear,preoperative vitreous hemorrhage,preoperative bestcorrected visual acuity,number of breaks,quadrants of RRD,axial length,and photocoagulation points were not predictive factors for ERM formation.CONCLUSION:Preoperative PVR,choroidal detachment,and photocoagulation energy are risk factors of ERM formation after complicated RRD repair.Better ophthalmic care as well as patient education are necessary for such patients with risk factors.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of foldable capsular vitreous body(FCVB)implant surgery in silicone oil-dependent eyes.Methods A total of 22 participants with silicone oil-depen...Objective This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of foldable capsular vitreous body(FCVB)implant surgery in silicone oil-dependent eyes.Methods A total of 22 participants with silicone oil-dependent eyes who received treatment with FCVB implant surgery between January 2019 and June 2020 were included in this retrospective study.The intraocular pressure(IOP),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),demographic data,and any recorded complications were evaluated.Results The postoperative IOP(12.73±4.20 mmHg)was significantly improved(P=0.03)compared to the preoperative IOP(10.23±3.69 mmHg)(the main endpoint).There was no significant difference(P=0.33)in the final BCVA preoperation and 3rd month postoperation(the secondary endpoint).The most common postoperative complication was hyphema.Other common postoperative complications included corneal opacity,a shallow anterior chamber,and a low IOP.Conclusion FCVB implant surgery is a safe and effective method for treating silicone oil-dependent eyes;however,attention should be paid to the prevention and timely treatment of complications.展开更多
We improved the adhesion between silicon based insulating materials and epoxy resin composites by adding the adhesion promoter cycloborosiloxane(BSi,cyclo-1,3,3,5,7,7-hexaphenyl-1,5-diboro-3,7-disiloxane).The experime...We improved the adhesion between silicon based insulating materials and epoxy resin composites by adding the adhesion promoter cycloborosiloxane(BSi,cyclo-1,3,3,5,7,7-hexaphenyl-1,5-diboro-3,7-disiloxane).The experimental results show that the addition of BSi in the silicone rubber(SR)system significantly increases the tensile shear strength between BSi and epoxy resin(EP),reaching 309%of the original value.On this basis,the mechanism of BSi to enhance the adhesion effect was discussed.The electron deficient B in BSi attracted the electron rich N and O in EP to enhance the chemical interaction,combined with the interfacial migration behavior in the curing process,to improve the adhesion strength.This study provides the design and synthesis ideas of adhesive aids,and a reference for further exploring the interface mechanism of epoxy resin matrix composites.展开更多
AIM:To describe the clinical and radiologic features of retrolaminar migration silicone oil(SiO)and observe the dynamic position of ventricular oil accumulation in supine and prone.METHODS:For this retrospective study...AIM:To describe the clinical and radiologic features of retrolaminar migration silicone oil(SiO)and observe the dynamic position of ventricular oil accumulation in supine and prone.METHODS:For this retrospective study,29 patients who had a history of SiO injection treatment and underwent unenhanced head computed tomography(CT)were included from January 2019 to October 2022.The patients were divided into migration-positive and negative groups.Clinical history and CT features were compared using Whitney U and Fisher’s exact tests.The dynamic position of SiO was observed within the ventricular system in supine and prone.CT images were visually assessed for SiO migration along the retrolaminar involving pathways for vision(optic nerve,chiasm,and tract)and ventricular system.RESULTS:Intraocular SiO migration was found in 5 of the 29 patients(17.24%),with SiO at the optic nerve head(n=1),optic nerve(n=4),optic chiasm(n=1),optic tract(n=1),and within lateral ventricles(n=1).The time interval between SiO injection and CT examination of migration-positive cases was significantly higher than that of migration-negative patients(22.8±16.5mo vs 13.1±2.6mo,P<0.001).The hyperdense lesion located in the frontal horns of the right lateral ventricle migrated to the fourth ventricle when changing the position from supine to prone.CONCLUSION:Although SiO retrolaminar migration is unusual,the clinician and radiologist should be aware of migration routes.The supine combined with prone examination is the first-choice method to confirm the presence of SiO in the ventricular system.展开更多
Free-standing silicon anodes with high proportion of active materials have aroused great attention;however,the mechanical stability and electrochemical performance are severely suppressed.Herein,to resolve the appeal ...Free-standing silicon anodes with high proportion of active materials have aroused great attention;however,the mechanical stability and electrochemical performance are severely suppressed.Herein,to resolve the appeal issues,a free-standing anode with a"corrugated paper"shape on micro-scale and a topological crosslinking network on the submicron and nano-scale is designed.Essentially,an integrated three-dimensional electrode structure is constructed based on robust carbon nanotubes network with firmly anchored SiNPs via forming interlocking junctions.In which,the hierarchical interlocking structure is achieved by directional induction of the binder,which ensures well integration during cycling so that significantly enhances mechanical stability as well as electronic and ionic conductivity of electrodes.Benefiting from it,this anode exhibits outsta nding performance under harsh service conditions including high Si loading,ultrahigh areal capacity(33.2 mA h cm^(-2)),and high/low temperatures(-15-60℃),which significantly extends its practical prospect.Furthermore,the optimization mechanism of this electrode is explored to verify the crack-healing and structure-integration maintaining along cycling via a unique self-stabilization process.Thus,from both the fundamental and engineering views,this strategy offers a promising path to produce high-performance free-standing electrodes for flexible device applications especially facing volume effect challenges.展开更多
In the research and development of new silicon pixel detectors,a collimated monoenergetic charged-particle test beam equipped with a high-resolution pixel-beam telescope is crucial for prototype verification and perfo...In the research and development of new silicon pixel detectors,a collimated monoenergetic charged-particle test beam equipped with a high-resolution pixel-beam telescope is crucial for prototype verification and performance evaluation.When the beam energy is low,the effect of multiple Coulomb scattering on the measured resolution of the Device Under Test(DUT)must be considered to accurately evaluate the performance of the pixel chips and detectors.This study aimed to investigate the effect of multiple Coulomb scattering on the measured resolution,particularly at low beam energies.Simulations were conducted using Allpix^(2) to study the effects of multiple Coulomb scattering under different beam energies,material budgets,and telescope layouts.The simulations also provided the minimum energy at which the effect of multiple Coulomb scattering could be ignored.Compared with the results of a five-layer detector system tested with an electron beam at DESY,the simulation results were consistent with the beam test results,confirming the reliability of the simulations.展开更多
Fragrant rice has a high market value,and it is a popular rice type among consumers owing to its pleasant flavor.Plantation methods,nitrogen(N)fertilizers,and silicon(Si)fertilizers can affect the grain yield and frag...Fragrant rice has a high market value,and it is a popular rice type among consumers owing to its pleasant flavor.Plantation methods,nitrogen(N)fertilizers,and silicon(Si)fertilizers can affect the grain yield and fragrance of fragrant rice.However,the core commercial rice production attributes,namely the head rice yield(HRY)and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)content of fragrant rice,under various nitrogen and silicon(N-Si)fertilization levels and different plantation methods remain unknown.The field experiment in this study was performed in the early seasons of 2018 and 2019 with two popular indica fragrant rice cultivars(Yuxiangyouzhan and Xiangyaxiangzhan).They were grown under six N-Si fertilization treatments(combinations of two levels of Si fertilizer,0 kg Si ha^(−1)(Si0)and 150 kg Si ha^(−1)(Si1),and three levels of N fertilizer,0 kg N ha^(−1)(N0),150 kg N ha^(−1)(N1),and 220 kg N ha^(−1)(N2))and three plantation methods(artificial transplanting(AT),mechanical transplanting(MT),and mechanical direct-seeding(MD)).The results showed that the N-Si fertilization treatments and all the plantation methods significantly affected the HRY and 2-AP content and related parameters of the two different fragrant rice cultivars.Compared with the Si0N0 treatment,the N-Si fertilization treatments resulted in higher HRY and 2-AP contents.The rates of brown rice,milled rice,head rice,and chalky rice of the fragrant rice also improved with the N-Si fertilization treatments.The N-Si fertilization treatments increased the activities of N metabolism enzymes and the accumulation of N and Si in various parts of the fragrant rice,and affected their antioxidant response parameters.The key parameters for the HRY and 2-AP content were assessed by redundancy analysis.Furthermore,the structural equation model revealed that the Si and N accumulation levels indirectly affected the HRY by affecting the N metabolism enzyme activity,N use efficiency,and grain quality of fragrant rice.Moreover,high N and Si accumulation directly promoted the 2-AP content or affected the antioxidant response parameters and indirectly regulated 2-AP synthesis.The interactions of the MT method with the N-Si fertilization treatments varied in the fragrant rice cultivars in terms of the HRY and 2-AP content,whereas the MD method was beneficial to the 2-AP content in both fragrant rice cultivars under the N-Si fertilization treatments.展开更多
文摘In this study, electrorheological (ER) behavior of suspensions prepared from 3.0 and 9.0 μm diatomite particulate, dispersed in insulating silicone oil (SO) medium was investigated. Sedimentation stabilities of suspensions (c = 5 wt%) prepared using these diatomite powders were determined to be 32 days (d = 3 μm) and 24 days (d = 9 μm), respectively. ER activity of all the suspensions was observed to increase with increasing electric field strength, concentration and decreasing shear rate. Shear stress of diatomite suspensions increased linearly with increasing concentrations of the particles and with the applied electric field strength. Electric field viscosity of all the suspensions decreased sharply with increasing shear rate and particle size, showing a typical shear thinning non-Newtonian visco-elastic behavior. Effects of high temperature and polar promoter onto ER activity ofdiatomite/SO system were also investigated.
文摘Bio-silica issued from diatom, a microalgae, is attracted increasing attention in material science thanks to its peculiar nanoarchitecture and related properties with versatile applications. The present work is a deep analysis on morphological and chemical properties of bio-silica issued from fossil origin (diatomaceous earth) and living one (algal paste). An optimization in purification protocol was performed to obtain multiparous bio-silica from its raw media with keeping its original shape entirely. Multiple characterization methods as scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (DRX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), nitrogen adsorption and inverse gas chromatography (IGC), were used to check the purification protocol efficiency as well as to gather accurate information on morphology and chemical composition of diatom material obtained in large amount.
基金Supported by the Shanghai Key Clinical Specialty,Shanghai Eye Disease Research Center(No.2022ZZ01003)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai(No.20DZ2270800).
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of silicone oil(SO)as a corneal lubricant to improve visualization during vitrectomy.METHODS:Patients who underwent vitreoretinal surgery were divided into two groups.Group 1 was operated on with initial SO(Oxane 5700)as a corneal lubricant.Group 2 was operated on with initial lactated ringer’s solution(LRS)and then replaced with SO as required.Fundus clarity was scored during the surgery.Fluorescein staining was performed to determine the damage to corneal epithelium.RESULTS:Totally 114 eyes of 114 patients were included.Single SO use maintained a clear cornea and provided excellent visualization of surgical image.In group 1,the fundus clarity was grade 3 in 41/45 eyes and grade 2 in 4/45 eyes.In group 2,corneal edema frequently occurred after initial LRS use.The fundus clarity was grade 3 in 19/69 eyes,2 in 37/69 eyes and 1 in 13/69 eyes(P<0.05).SO was applied in 29 eyes of initial LRS use with subsequent corneal edema,which eliminated the corneal edema in 26 eyes.Corneal fluorescein staining score in group 1 was 0 in 28 eyes,1 in 11 eyes and 2 in 6 eyes,and 40,20 and 9,respectively,in group 2(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The use of SO as a corneal lubricant is effective and safe for preserving and improving corneal clarity and providing clear surgical field during vitrectomy.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81700884)Scientific Research Foundation of National Health and Health Commission(No.WKJ-ZJ-2037)+1 种基金Zhejiang Public Welfare Technology Application Project(No.LGF21H120005)Science and Technology Project of Wenzhou(No.Y20190649).
文摘AIM:To evaluate scleral buckling(SB)surgery using a noncontact wide-field viewing system and 23-gauge intraocular illumination for the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in silicone oil(SO)-filled eyes.METHODS:Totally 9 patients(9 eyes)with retinal detachment in SO-filled eyes were retrospectively analyzed.All patients underwent non-contact wide-field viewing system-assisted buckling surgery with 23-gauge intraocular illumination.SO was removed at an appropriate time based on recovery.The patients were followed up for at least 3mo after SO removal.Retinal reattachment,complications,visual acuity and intraocular pressure(IOP)before and after surgery were observed.RESULTS:Patients were followed up for a mean of 8.22mo(3-22mo)after SO removal.All patients had retinal reattachment.At the final follow-up,visual acuity showed improvement for 8 patients,and no change for 1 patient.The IOP was high in 3 patients before surgery,but it stabilized after treatment;it was not affected in the other patients.None of the patients had infections,hemorrhage,anterior ischemia,or any other complication.CONCLUSION:This new non-contact wide-field viewing system-assisted SB surgery with 23-gauge intraocular illumination is effective and safe for retinal detachment in SO-filled eyes.
基金Supported by National Key R and D Program of China,No.2020YFC2008200.
文摘BACKGROUND Endophthalmitis occurring in silicone oil-filled eyes is a very rare occurrence,with reported incidence rates ranging between 0.07%and 0.039%.Traditional methods of management of infectious endophthalmitis include the removal of silicone oil,washout of the vitreous cavity,administration of intravitreal antibiotics,and reinjection of silicone oil.CASE SUMMARY Herein,we report the case of a 39-year-old man with unilateral endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil tamponade.Intravitreal injections of full-dose antibiotics and anterior chamber washout were used to treat the patient.No signs of retinal toxicity were observed during the follow-up period.CONCLUSION Intravitreal full-dose antibiotic injections and anterior chamber washout are promising alternatives to traditional therapies for endophthalmitis in silicone oilfilled eyes.
文摘Silicone is a kind of polymer material with high cross-linked structure,which is com-posed by Si-O-Si main chain.Due to the special molecular chain structure,silicone mate-rials are characterized by oxidation resistance,aging resistance,high and low temperature resistance and chemical corrosion resistance.Moreover,silicone materials have process-able properties,simple forming process,good mechanical property,non-toxic and pollution-free.Therefore,silicone has been widely concerned by researchers at home and abroad.In this paper,the main research progress and application directions of carbon-silicone composite at home and abroad in recent years are reviewed.
文摘AIM:To investigate the feasibility of endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy(En-DCR)with bicanalicular silicone tube intubation for treating chronic dacryocystitis secondary to nasolacrimal duct stent(NDS)incarceration.METHODS:En-DCRs were performed on 44 chronic dacryocystitis patients(46 eyes)secondary to NDS incarceration from April 2016 to October 2022.The granuloma and scar tissues were separated,and the removal of NDS incarceration was achieved during the surgery;the flap of the lacrimal sac was trimmed and anastomosed with nasal mucosal,a bicanalicular silicone tube was implanted,and lacrimal size and condition were assessed.The tube was removed 3mo after surgery.During the final follow-up of 12mo when the surgery was completed,the complications and the rates of surgical success were assessed.RESULTS:This study covered 40 patients(42 eyes).Intraoperatively,it was found that the lacrimal sac became small,and the sac wall had granulation and scar tissue attached to the incarcerated NDS in all eyes.At 12mo after surgery completed,the rates of the functional and anatomical success reached 80.95%(34/42)and 83.33%(35/42),respectively.Under the effect of intranasal ostial closure,seven eyes failed to achieve anatomical success.No serious complications(e.g.,visual impairment,sinusitis,and orbital fat prolapse)was observed.CONCLUSION:With the success rate over 80%and no serious complications,En-DCR with bicanalicular silicone tube implantation is effective in treating chronic dacryocystitis secondary to NDS incarceration.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.81770972,No.81970843)。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the postoperative refractive prediction error(PE)and determine the factors that af fect the refractive outcomes of combined pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)or silicone oil removal(SOR)with cataract surgery.METHODS:The study is a retrospective,case-series study.Totally 301 eyes of 301 patients undergoing combined PPV/SOR with cataract surgery were enrolled.Eligible individuals were separated into four groups according to their preoperative diagnoses:silicone oil-filled eyes after PPV(group 1),epiretinal membrane(group 2),macular hole(group 3),and primary retinal detachment(RD;group 4).The variables af fecting postoperative refractive outcomes were analyzed,including age,gender,preoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),axial length(AL),keratometry average,anterior chamber depth(ACD),intraocular tamponade,and vitreoretinal pathology.The outcome measurements include the mean refractive PE and the proportions of eyes with a PE within±0.50 diopter(D)and±1.00 D.RESULTS:For all patients,the mean PE was-0.04±1.17 D,and 50.17%of patients(eyes)had a PE within±0.50 D.There was a significant difference in refractive outcomes among the four groups(P=0.028),with RD(group 4)showing the least favorable refractive outcome.In multivariate regression analysis,only AL,vitreoretinal pathology,and ACD were strongly associated with PE(all P<0.01).Univariate analysis revealed that longer eyes(AL>26 mm)and a deeper ACD were correlated with hyperopic PE,and shorter eyes(AL<26 mm)and a shallower ACD were correlated with myopic PE.CONCLUSION:RD patients have the least favorable refractive outcome.AL,vitreoretinal pathology,and ACD are strongly associated with PE in the combined surgery.These three factors affect refractive outcomes and thus can be used to predict a better postoperative refractive outcome in clinical practice.
基金the financial support provided by the National Research Foundation (NRF), Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore, under its Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE) programpartially funded by the National University of Singapore under its Flagship Green Energy Program (GEP), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) under its Low Carbon Energy Research Funding Initiative (LCER-FI)Chongqing Science and Technology Research and Development Base Construction Project (cstc2013gjhz0029)
文摘Since the discovery of mesoporous silica in 1990s,there have been numerous mesoporous silica-based nanomaterials developed for catalytic applications,aiming at enhanced catalytic activity and stability.Recently,there have also been considerable interests in endowing them with hierarchical porosities to overcome the diffusional limitation for those with long unimodal channels.Present processes of making mesoporous silica largely rely on chemical sources which are relatively expensive and impose environmental concerns on their processes.In this regard,it is desirable to develop hierarchical silica supports from natural minerals.Herein,we present a series of work on surface reconstruction,modification,and functionalization to produce diatomite-based catalysts with original morphology and macro-meso-micro porosities and to test their suitability as catalyst supports for both liquid-and gas-phase reactions.Two wet-chemical routes were developed to introduce mesoporosity to both amorphous and crystalline diatomites.Importantly,we have used computational modeling to affirm that the diatomite morphology can improve catalytic performance based on fluid dynamics simulations.Thus,one could obtain this type of catalysts from numerous natural diatoms that have inherently intricate morphologies and shapes in micrometer scale.In principle,such catalytic nanocomposites acting as miniaturized industrial catalysts could be employed in microfluidic reactors for process intensification.
文摘Background: Silicone oil (SO) has been demonstrated with concrete efficacy and safety in the therapy of complex vitreoretinal diseases. SO is schemed to be cleared within several weeks or months after tamponade, but it’s inevitable for permanent or residual SO in a fraction of patients under extremely complicated clinical conditions. Here, we presented a case of silicone oil removal after 10 years, mainly to observe the disadvantages of long-term persistence. Case presentation: A 69-year-old female with pathologic myopia denied trauma history who had undergone pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), retinal reattachment, laser, and silicone oil tamponade in 2012 presented to our hospital with eye pain and headache, no light perception of her right eye for six months. The slit-lamp biomicroscopy examination for OD indicated evident conjunctival congestion, new blood vessels invasion to the limbus, foggy edema of corneal epithelium, folds of Descemet’s membrane and corneal endothelial edema. There were obvious emulsified silicone oil particles above the anterior chamber. Goldmann’s applanation tonometry test revealed the intraocular pressure was as high as 45/17mmHg. From ocular ultrasound, we saw that the vitreous cavity was filled with silicone oil in right eye;as for the left eye, it showed marked axial elongation and posterior scleral staphyloma. We were unable to obtain more information from fundus photography and macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) due to edema of the cornea. After the silicone oil was removed successfully from her vitreous cavity, although there was no improvement in the patient’s vision (no light perception), she was still satisfied with the relief from eye pain and headache benefited from the reduction of high intraocular pressure (Goldmann’s intraocular pressure decreased to 19/14mmHg). Conclusion: Patients after PPV should remove silicone oil in time to avoid corneal damage, intraocular hypertension, lens opacity and retinal damage induced by long-term silicone tamponade.
文摘A new type of composite filler was designed by a modified sol-gel method using fly ash(FA),Fe(NO_(3))_(3)·9H_(2)O,and Ni(NO_(3))_(2)·6H_(2)O as raw materials.The composite filler was a spherical core-shell structure composed of FA as the core and NiFe_(2)O_(4)as the shell.Further,the composite filler was added into the silicone rubber to fabricate the high temperature vulcanized microwave absorption materials;X-ray diffraction,fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscope confirmed that NiFe_(2)O_(4)was successfully coated on the surface of FA and formed a uniform and continuous coating layer.As expected,silicone rubber filled with the composite filler had a minimum reflection loss of-23.8 dB at 17.5 GHz with the thickness of 1.8 mm,while the effective absorption bandwidth was as high as 12 GHz.The addition of the composite filler greatly enhanced the microwave absorption properties of the system,which was resulted from multiple losses mechanism:interface polarization losses,magnetic losses,and multiple reflection losses.Also,silicone rubber filled with the composite filler exhibited excellent thermal stability,flexibility,environmental resistance,and hydrophobicity compared with traditional silicone rubber.Therefore,this work not only responds to the green chemistry to achieve efficient FA recovery,but also devises a new strategy to prepare microwave absorption materials with strong potential for civilian applications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61927812, 61735014, and 62105261)。
文摘Vector accelerometer has attracted much attention for its great application potential in underground seismic signal measurement. We propose and demonstrate a novel vector accelerometer based on the three fiber Bragg gratings(FBGs)embedded in a silicone rubber compliant cylinder at 120° distributed uniformly. The accelerometer is capable of detecting the orientation of vibration with a range of 0°–360° and the acceleration through monitoring the central wavelength shifts of three FBGs simultaneously. The experimental results show that the natural frequency of the accelerometer is about 85 Hz, and the sensitivity is 84.21 pm/g in the flat range of 20 Hz–60 Hz. Through experimental calibration, the designed accelerometer can accurately obtain vibration vector information, including vibration orientation and acceleration. In addition, the range of resonant frequency and sensitivity can be expanded by adjusting the hardness of the silicone rubber materials. Due to the characteristics of small size and orientation recognition, the accelerometer can be applied to low-frequency vibration acceleration vector measurement in narrow spaces.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81570865)。
文摘AIM:To determine the incidence and predictive factors for epiretinal membrane(ERM)formation in eyes with complicated primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)tamponaded with silicone oil(SO).METHODS:This retrospective case-control study included 141 consecutive patients with(51 eyes)and without(90 eyes)ERM formation after primary pars plana vitrectomy(PPV)and SO tamponade for complicated RRD.The risk factors for ERM were assessed using logistic regression analysis.RESULTS:The prevalence of postoperative ERM was 36.2%(51/141).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for ERM in SO-tamponaded eyes included preoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy[PVR;odds ratio(OR),2.578;95%confidence interval(CI)1.580–4.205,P<0.001],preoperative choroidal detachment(OR,4.454;95%CI 1.369–14.498,P=0.013),and photocoagulation energy(OR,2.700;95%CI 1.047–6.962,P=0.040).The duration of the preoperative symptoms,intraocular SO tamponade time,giant retinal tear,preoperative vitreous hemorrhage,preoperative bestcorrected visual acuity,number of breaks,quadrants of RRD,axial length,and photocoagulation points were not predictive factors for ERM formation.CONCLUSION:Preoperative PVR,choroidal detachment,and photocoagulation energy are risk factors of ERM formation after complicated RRD repair.Better ophthalmic care as well as patient education are necessary for such patients with risk factors.
文摘Objective This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of foldable capsular vitreous body(FCVB)implant surgery in silicone oil-dependent eyes.Methods A total of 22 participants with silicone oil-dependent eyes who received treatment with FCVB implant surgery between January 2019 and June 2020 were included in this retrospective study.The intraocular pressure(IOP),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),demographic data,and any recorded complications were evaluated.Results The postoperative IOP(12.73±4.20 mmHg)was significantly improved(P=0.03)compared to the preoperative IOP(10.23±3.69 mmHg)(the main endpoint).There was no significant difference(P=0.33)in the final BCVA preoperation and 3rd month postoperation(the secondary endpoint).The most common postoperative complication was hyphema.Other common postoperative complications included corneal opacity,a shallow anterior chamber,and a low IOP.Conclusion FCVB implant surgery is a safe and effective method for treating silicone oil-dependent eyes;however,attention should be paid to the prevention and timely treatment of complications.
基金the Core Research Facilities of College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences and Wuhan University Test Center and Open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Aerospace Power Advanced Technologythe Open Fund of Hubei Key Laboratory of Aerospace Power Advanced Technologythe Special Fund for Industrial and informatization Industry Foundation Reconstruction and High Quality Development of Manufacturing Industry(No.TC220H068)。
文摘We improved the adhesion between silicon based insulating materials and epoxy resin composites by adding the adhesion promoter cycloborosiloxane(BSi,cyclo-1,3,3,5,7,7-hexaphenyl-1,5-diboro-3,7-disiloxane).The experimental results show that the addition of BSi in the silicone rubber(SR)system significantly increases the tensile shear strength between BSi and epoxy resin(EP),reaching 309%of the original value.On this basis,the mechanism of BSi to enhance the adhesion effect was discussed.The electron deficient B in BSi attracted the electron rich N and O in EP to enhance the chemical interaction,combined with the interfacial migration behavior in the curing process,to improve the adhesion strength.This study provides the design and synthesis ideas of adhesive aids,and a reference for further exploring the interface mechanism of epoxy resin matrix composites.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province of China(No.2020C01058)Medical Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2022PY038,No.2023KY493).
文摘AIM:To describe the clinical and radiologic features of retrolaminar migration silicone oil(SiO)and observe the dynamic position of ventricular oil accumulation in supine and prone.METHODS:For this retrospective study,29 patients who had a history of SiO injection treatment and underwent unenhanced head computed tomography(CT)were included from January 2019 to October 2022.The patients were divided into migration-positive and negative groups.Clinical history and CT features were compared using Whitney U and Fisher’s exact tests.The dynamic position of SiO was observed within the ventricular system in supine and prone.CT images were visually assessed for SiO migration along the retrolaminar involving pathways for vision(optic nerve,chiasm,and tract)and ventricular system.RESULTS:Intraocular SiO migration was found in 5 of the 29 patients(17.24%),with SiO at the optic nerve head(n=1),optic nerve(n=4),optic chiasm(n=1),optic tract(n=1),and within lateral ventricles(n=1).The time interval between SiO injection and CT examination of migration-positive cases was significantly higher than that of migration-negative patients(22.8±16.5mo vs 13.1±2.6mo,P<0.001).The hyperdense lesion located in the frontal horns of the right lateral ventricle migrated to the fourth ventricle when changing the position from supine to prone.CONCLUSION:Although SiO retrolaminar migration is unusual,the clinician and radiologist should be aware of migration routes.The supine combined with prone examination is the first-choice method to confirm the presence of SiO in the ventricular system.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21905221,21805221)the Suzhou Technological innovation of key industries-research and development of key technologies(SGC2021118)。
文摘Free-standing silicon anodes with high proportion of active materials have aroused great attention;however,the mechanical stability and electrochemical performance are severely suppressed.Herein,to resolve the appeal issues,a free-standing anode with a"corrugated paper"shape on micro-scale and a topological crosslinking network on the submicron and nano-scale is designed.Essentially,an integrated three-dimensional electrode structure is constructed based on robust carbon nanotubes network with firmly anchored SiNPs via forming interlocking junctions.In which,the hierarchical interlocking structure is achieved by directional induction of the binder,which ensures well integration during cycling so that significantly enhances mechanical stability as well as electronic and ionic conductivity of electrodes.Benefiting from it,this anode exhibits outsta nding performance under harsh service conditions including high Si loading,ultrahigh areal capacity(33.2 mA h cm^(-2)),and high/low temperatures(-15-60℃),which significantly extends its practical prospect.Furthermore,the optimization mechanism of this electrode is explored to verify the crack-healing and structure-integration maintaining along cycling via a unique self-stabilization process.Thus,from both the fundamental and engineering views,this strategy offers a promising path to produce high-performance free-standing electrodes for flexible device applications especially facing volume effect challenges.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11875274 and U1232202)。
文摘In the research and development of new silicon pixel detectors,a collimated monoenergetic charged-particle test beam equipped with a high-resolution pixel-beam telescope is crucial for prototype verification and performance evaluation.When the beam energy is low,the effect of multiple Coulomb scattering on the measured resolution of the Device Under Test(DUT)must be considered to accurately evaluate the performance of the pixel chips and detectors.This study aimed to investigate the effect of multiple Coulomb scattering on the measured resolution,particularly at low beam energies.Simulations were conducted using Allpix^(2) to study the effects of multiple Coulomb scattering under different beam energies,material budgets,and telescope layouts.The simulations also provided the minimum energy at which the effect of multiple Coulomb scattering could be ignored.Compared with the results of a five-layer detector system tested with an electron beam at DESY,the simulation results were consistent with the beam test results,confirming the reliability of the simulations.
基金This project was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31601244 and 31971843)the Guangdong Provincial Key Field Research and Development Plan Project,China(2019B020221003)the Modern Agricultural Industrial Technology System of Guangdong Province,China(2020KJ105).
文摘Fragrant rice has a high market value,and it is a popular rice type among consumers owing to its pleasant flavor.Plantation methods,nitrogen(N)fertilizers,and silicon(Si)fertilizers can affect the grain yield and fragrance of fragrant rice.However,the core commercial rice production attributes,namely the head rice yield(HRY)and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)content of fragrant rice,under various nitrogen and silicon(N-Si)fertilization levels and different plantation methods remain unknown.The field experiment in this study was performed in the early seasons of 2018 and 2019 with two popular indica fragrant rice cultivars(Yuxiangyouzhan and Xiangyaxiangzhan).They were grown under six N-Si fertilization treatments(combinations of two levels of Si fertilizer,0 kg Si ha^(−1)(Si0)and 150 kg Si ha^(−1)(Si1),and three levels of N fertilizer,0 kg N ha^(−1)(N0),150 kg N ha^(−1)(N1),and 220 kg N ha^(−1)(N2))and three plantation methods(artificial transplanting(AT),mechanical transplanting(MT),and mechanical direct-seeding(MD)).The results showed that the N-Si fertilization treatments and all the plantation methods significantly affected the HRY and 2-AP content and related parameters of the two different fragrant rice cultivars.Compared with the Si0N0 treatment,the N-Si fertilization treatments resulted in higher HRY and 2-AP contents.The rates of brown rice,milled rice,head rice,and chalky rice of the fragrant rice also improved with the N-Si fertilization treatments.The N-Si fertilization treatments increased the activities of N metabolism enzymes and the accumulation of N and Si in various parts of the fragrant rice,and affected their antioxidant response parameters.The key parameters for the HRY and 2-AP content were assessed by redundancy analysis.Furthermore,the structural equation model revealed that the Si and N accumulation levels indirectly affected the HRY by affecting the N metabolism enzyme activity,N use efficiency,and grain quality of fragrant rice.Moreover,high N and Si accumulation directly promoted the 2-AP content or affected the antioxidant response parameters and indirectly regulated 2-AP synthesis.The interactions of the MT method with the N-Si fertilization treatments varied in the fragrant rice cultivars in terms of the HRY and 2-AP content,whereas the MD method was beneficial to the 2-AP content in both fragrant rice cultivars under the N-Si fertilization treatments.