Preparation of sodium alginate gel microspheres catalysts and its high catalytic performance for treatment of ciprofloxacin wastewater

The discharge of the antibiotic wastewater has increased dramatically in our country with the development of medical science and wide application of antibiotic,resulting in serious harm to human body and ecological environment.In this work,ciprofloxacin(CIP)was selected as one of typical antibiotics and heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts were prepared for the treatment of ciprofloxacin wastewater.The sodium alginate(SA)gel microspheres catalysts were prepared by polymerization method using double metal ions of Fe^(3+)and Mn^(2+)as cross-linking agents.Preparation conditions such as metal ions concentration,mass fraction of SA,polymerization temperature and dual-metal ions as crosslinking agent were optimized.Moreover,the effects of operating conditions such as initial concentration of CIP,pH value and catalyst dosage on CIP removal were studied.The kinetic equation showed that the effect of the initial concentration of CIP on the degradation rate was in line with second-order kinetics,and the effects of catalyst dosage and pH value on the degradation rate of CIP were in line with first-order kinetics.The SA gel microspheres catalysts prepared by dual-metal ions exhibited a high CIP removal and showed a good reusability after six recycles.The SA gel microspheres catalysts with an easy recovery performance provided an economical and efficient method for the removal of antibiotics in the future.

Metal-Organic Framework Enabling Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride)-Based Polymer Electrolyte for Dendrite-Free and Long-Lifespan Sodium Metal Batteries

Sodium dentrite formed by uneven plating/stripping can reduce the utilization of active sodium with poor cyclic stability and,more importantly,cause internal short circuit and lead to thermal runaway and fire.Therefore,sodium dendrites and their related problems seriously hinder the practical application of sodium metal batteries(SMBs).Herein,a design concept for the incorporation of metal-organic framework(MOF)in polymer matrix(polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene)is practiced to prepare a novel gel polymer electrolyte(PH@MOF polymer-based electrolyte[GPE])and thus to achieve high-performance SMBs.The addition of the MOF particles can not only reduce the movement hindrance of polymer chains to promote the transfer of Na^(+)but also anchor anions by virtue of their negative charge to reduce polarization during electrochemical reaction.A stable cycling performance with tiny overpotential for over 800 h at a current density of 5 mA cm^(-2)with areal capacity of 5 mA h cm^(-2)is achieved by symmetric cells based on the resulted GPE while the Na_(3)V_(2)O_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F@rGO(NVOPF)|PH@MOF|Nacell also displays impressive specific cycling capacity(113.3 mA h g^(-1)at 1 C)and rate capability with considerable capacity retention.

Exchange Reaction Characteristics of Anion Exchange Resin for Diclofenac Sodium

Aim To study the exchange reaction characteristics of anion exchange resin for diclofenac sodium. Methods The drug-resin complexes were prepared by a batch method with diclofenac sodium as the model drug and the strong anion exchange resin (201 × 7) as the carrier. The effects of different forms (OH~ - and Cl~ - ) of the strong anion exchange resin, the particle size of the resin, and the reaction temperature on the exchange behavior were described. The exchange kinetic profiles were fitted. The related exc...

Pharmacokinetics and Relative Bioavailability ofsustained-release Tablets of Diclofenac Sodiumin Male Volunteers

The pharmacokinetics of a sustained- release formulation and an enteric- coated tablet of diclofenac sodium were studied on 8 healthy male volunteers in an open,randomized crossover study.Drug level in serum was assayed by HPLC method.The changes in serum concentration were conformed to a l-compartment open model.The t_1/2 (Ke)averaged 2.15±0.17 and ll.60 ± l.95 h,and the areas under the drug concentration curves were 5.87 ± 0.67 and 5.55 ± 0.57μgh/ml for enteric-coated and sustained-release tablet of diclofenac sodium,respectively. The mean relative bioavailability of sustained-release tablet was 0.95 to that of enteric-coated tablet.

Enhanced photocatalytic Cr(Ⅵ) reduction and diclofenac sodium degradation under simulated sunlight irradiation over MIL-100(Fe)/g-C_3N_4 heterojunctions

Metal‐organic framework MIL‐100(Fe)and g‐C3N4 heterojunctions(MG‐x,x=5%,10%,20%,and 30%,x is the mass fraction of MIL‐100(Fe)in the hybrids)were facilely fabricated through ball‐milling and annealing,and characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,transmission electron microscopy,UV‐visible diffuse‐reflectance spectrometry,and photoluminescence emission spectrometry.The photocatalytic activities of the series of MG‐x heterojunctions toward Cr(VI)reduction and diclofenac sodium degradation were tested upon irradiation with simulated sunlight.The influence of different organic compounds(ethanol,citric acid,oxalic acid,and diclofenac sodium)as hole scavengers and the pH values(2,3,4,6,and 8)on the photocatalytic activities of the series of MG‐x heterojunctions was investigated.MG‐20%showed superior photocatalytic Cr(VI)reduction and diclofenac sodium degradation performance than did the individual MIL‐100(Fe)and g‐C3N4 because of the improved separation of photoinduced electron‐hole charges,which was clarified via photoluminescence emission and electrochemical data.Moreover,the MG‐x exhibited good reusability and stability after several runs.

Polymethylmethacrylate Coated Alginate Matrix Microcapsules for Controlled Release of Diclofenac Sodium

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) coated microcapsules of diclofenac sodium (DFS) were prepared by a modified wa-ter-in-oil-in-water (W1/O/W2) emulsion solvent evaporation method using sodium alginate (SAL) as a matrix material in the internal aqueous phase (W1).Their performance with respect to controlled release of the drug in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) were evaluated, and compared with non-matrix microcapsules prepared by the conventional W1/O/W2 emulsion solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) revealed that all the microcapsules were discrete and spherical in shape;however, the surface porosity of the matrix microcap-sules appeared to be less than that of the non-matrix microcapsules. In case of non-matrix microcapsules, an increase in the volume of water in W1 phase resulted in decrease in the drug entrapment efficiency (DEE) along with increase in release of the drug in both SGF and SIF. While in case of matrix microcapsules increase in the amount of SAL in W1 phase and concentration of the coating polymer in organic phase led to increase in DEE of the matrix microcapsules and considerable decrease in the drug release in both SGF and SIF. No interaction between the drug and any of the polymers used to prepare microcapsules was evident from Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) analysis. The matrix microcapsules prepared using higher concentration of SAL and PMMA released the drug following zero order or Case-II transport model. The matrix microcapsules appeared to be suitable for releasing lesser amounts of DFS in SGF and providing extended release in SIF.

Inhibitory Effect of Diclofenac Sodium on the Proliferation of Rabbit Corneal Epithelial Cells in vitro

<Abstract>Purpose:To investigate the inhibitory effect of diclofenac sodium on rabbit corneal epithelial cells (RCECs) in vitro and explore its pharmacological mechanism. Methods: The fresh rabbit cornea was cultured to get the primary RCECs,and RCECs of passage 2 were used for the research. The cells were divided into experimental groups,the cells in which were incubated with different concentrations(18.18, 27.27, 36.36, 45.45, 54.55 μg/ml) of diclofenac sodium, and control group. The effect of diclofenac sodium on the proliferation of cells was measured by methyl thiazolyl thiazolium (MTT) assay 24, 48 and 72 h after incubation. While the RCECs were divided into experimental groups, the cells in which were incubated with 9 and 12.5 μg/ml diclofenac sodium, and control group. The cell cycle and apoptotic rate were observed by flow cytometer. Results:MTT assay showed that diclofenac sodium had obvious inhibitory effect on RCECs,and the inhibition rate was increasing along with the increase of the concentration of diclofenac sodium and the incubation time(P<0.05). Flow cytometer showed that after incubation with diclofenac sodium, the cells in G0/G1 phase were obviously increased, the apoptosis cusp and apoptotic rate were increased. Conclusion: Diclofenac sodium has obvious inhibitory effect on RCECs, which was dosage-dependent,and it may function by inducing cell apoptosis and ceasing cells cycles.

A New Liposomal-Drug-in-Adhesive Patch for Transdermal Delivery of Sodium Diclofenac

Liposomes are known to have considerable potential as drug carriers such as liposomal suspension, freeze dried and cream-based systems among many other liposomal formulations. In this study a new drug-in-adhesive patch was fabricated using liposome-based nanocarrier. Transfersomes as ultra-deformable liposomes are based on phosphatidylcholin 95% (phospholipon 90G) and phosphatidylcholin 50% (phosal 50PG) were prepared and further optimized in a final acrylic patch system for effective adhesion. The prepared liposomes were added to an acrylic adhesive to obtain a new hybrid transdermal patch termed as “lipo-drug-in-adhesive” patch system. The sodium diclofenac was selected as a model drug and the permeation of the drug across rat skin was evaluated (P > 0.05), using the lipo-drug-in-adhesive patch system with various percentages of transfersomes (4% - 8%w/w) and constant concentration of the drug (2% w/w). The peel strength and tack value of samples were also examined and quantified. The maximum flux of sodium diclofenac was observed in samples containing 8% (w/w) phosphatidylcholin 50%. The peel strength and tack value in samples containing phosphatidylcholin 50% were lower than those samples containing phosphatidylcholin 95%. It was observed that with increased amount of liposome in drug-in-adhesive patch system, the rate of skin permeation of the drug was also increased. It can be concluded that the developed lipo-drug-in-adhesive patch system enhances the drug release potential of transdermal delivering systems.

Effects of Sodium Diclofenac on the Distribution of Fos Protein in Central Amygdala and Lateral Hypothalamus during Experimental Tooth Movement in Rats

This study evaluated whether the administration of a NSAID, sodium diclofenac, can promote alterations in the expression of Fos protein in central amygdala (CEA) and the lateral hypothalamus (LH) after 6 h of experimental tooth movement with a controlled force of 70 g, applied to the superior central incisors of rats. Adult male rats were anesthetized and divided into four groups: Control, no orthodontic appliance (OA);OA activated with 70 g;OA activated with 70 g and pretreated with diclofenac sodium (5 mg/kg, intramuscular);and diclofenac sodium alone. Six hours after the onset of the experiment the rats were reanesthetized and perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde. The brains were removed and fixed, and sections containing the CEA and LH were processed for Fos protein immunohistochemistry. The results show that in the control group, intramuscular injection of a ketamine/xylazine mixture did not induce IR-Fos cells in the CEA or LH. However, in the 70 g group, IR-Fos was the strongest observed

Clinical analysis on the analgesic effect of Methyl Carboprost and Diclofenac Sodium for intracavitary brachytherapy

Objective:To observe the effects of Methyl Carboprost and Diclofenac Sodium on opening orifice of uterus and pain controlling in patients with uterine cervix cancer (UCC) when receiving intracavitary brachytherapy. Methods: Sixty patients with UCC of stage IIA-IIIB were divided into three groups randomly before receiving the intracavitary brachytherapy: the patients in group A received Methyl Carboprost in the hind fornix of the vagina, group B received Diclofenac Sodium in the anus, while group C was the control group. Results: The painlessness rates in groups A, B and C were 89.9%, 91.3% and 36.4%, respectively. The incidences of patients with relaxed uterus cervix in groups A, B and C were 91.7%, 85.9% and 48.9%, respectively. Conclusion: Methyl Carboprost and Diclofenac Sodium are useful in relaxing uterus cervix and pain controlling in patients with UCC when receiving intracavitary brachytherapy.

Protective Effect of Cranberry Extracts against Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage Induced by Diclofenac Sodium in Kidney of Male Albino Rate

This work aimed to find the effect of cranberry extract (75 and 150 mg/kg&middot;b&middot;w) and vit. C (1 g/kg&middot;b&middot;w orally) on renal toxicity induced by Diclofenac sodium in male albino rats. Treated rats with diclofenac sodium with a concentration 150 mg/kg&middot;b&middot;w, expressed a significant increase in several parameters includes, plasma total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride as well as renal nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alfa (TNF-α) and TBARS. In addition, a significant reduction in renal superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH, catalase (CAT) and plasma HDL. The present results explain that, using cranberry extract and vit. C resulted in increasing the level of GSH, CAT and SOD as well as gene expression of renal SOD, CAT and IL-22 and reduce the level of TBARs significantly which led to preventing renal tissue damage. Our results also revealed that cranberry extract can protect DNA from damage as obtained from comet essay. TM-U was elevated in DCLF treated group when compared with normal. However cranberry extract was able to reduce this elevation in dose dependant manner. Histological features in H&E taken to different groups also mirrors this findings. DCLF causes many changes in renal tissue include infiltration by inflammatory cells, attenuated glomeruli, apoptosis in tubular epithelia.

Controlled Release of Diclofenac Sodium from Silica-Chitosan Composites

The release profiles of acidic form of diclofenac sodium adsorbed on mesoporous silicas (Silochrom and two samples of spherical silicas) were compared with the dissolution characteristics of the pure drug. Desorption of diclofenac sodium from impregnated silicas with various surface liophilicity and composites of silica with chitosan have been studied using rotating basket method in phosphate buffer, pH 6.8. Sedimentations of sodium diclofenac via adsorption and impregnation from alcohol solution on fumed silica and modified silicas with grafted aminopropyl and trimethylsilyl groups were carried out. Polymer-containing composites have been prepared by capsulation of silica particles with impregnated diclofenac sodium by protonated and deprotonated forms of chitosan. Effect of the silica surface nature on the active substance release rate was ascertained. Significant prolongation of diclofenac sodium release was detected in the case of application of hydrophobic silica as a carrier and protonated chitosan as a polymeric shell.

Combinatorial effect of diclofenac with piperine and D-limonene on inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of breast cancer cells

Objective:To investigate the potential synergistic activity of diclofenac with piperine and D-limonene in inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in breast cancer MCF-7 cells.Methods:Molecular docking study was conducted to evaluate the binding affinity of diclofenac with piperine and D-limonene against p53,Bax,and Bcl-2.The MTT assay was used to determine IC50,and the Chou-Talay method was used to determine the synergistic concentration of the combination treatment of diclofenac plus piperine and diclofenac plus D-limonene.Apoptosis detection,cell cycle arrest,reactive oxygen species production,and mitochondrial membrane potential were also investigated.Results:Diclofenac,piperine,and D-limonene showed potent binding affinity for p53,Bax,and Bcl-2.Diclofenac plus piperine and diclofenac plus D-limonene enhanced the formation of reactive oxygen species,which also had an effect on the mitochondrial membrane’s integrity and caused DNA fragmentation.Diclofenac plus piperine and diclofenac plus D-limonene arrested the cells in the sub-G0phase while drastically lowering the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase.Furthermore,the elevated apoptosis in the combined therapy was confirmed by annexin V/propidium iodide staining.Conclusions:The combined therapy prominently enhanced the antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on MCF-7 cells compared with treatment with diclofenac,piperine,and D-limonene alone.

Clinical Study on Treatment to Ankylosing Spondylitis with Fengshi Qutong Capsule-Diclofenac Sodium Combination

Objective:To discuss the clinical study on Fengshi Qutong capsules combined with diclofenac sodium in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis.Methods:80 patients who were treated for ankylosing spondylitis from June 2019 to June 2020 were selected and divided into two groups.The experimental group was treated with Fengshi Qutong capsules combined with diclofenac sodium,and the control group was treated with sulfasalazine enteric-coated tablets.Results:The treatment efficacy,VAS score,BASDAI score,BASFI score,CRP level,TNF-α level,IL-Iβ level,and the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups were significantly different(P<0.05).Conclusion:The application of Fengshi Qutong capsules combined with diclofenac sodium in the treatment of patients with ankylosing spondylitis is beneficial to improve the treatment efficacy,reduce the levels of CRP,TNF-α,and IL-Iβ,reduce the incidence of adverse reactions,and reduce the VAS,BASDAI and BASFI scores,rendering it of important clinical value.

Sol-Gel Synthesis of SiO₂-CaO-Na₂O-P₂O₅Bioactive Glass Ceramic from Sodium Metasilicate

Bioactive glass ceramic with SiO2-Ca2O-Na2O-P2O5 composition was prepared by the sol-gel method using sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) as silica source. The monolith obtained was sintered at 1000?C for 2 hours after which X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed presence of combeite (Na2Ca2Si3O9) as the crystalline phase. In vitro bioactivity test conducted on the material using simulated body fluid (SBF) showed the formation of carbonated hydroxyapatite on its surface. The material during the SBF test was observed to transform from a mechanically strong crystalline phase Na2Ca2Si3O9 to an amorphous phase after incubation for 14 days indicating that the material was biodegradable. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to investigate the surface morphology, while Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy facilitated the confirmation of hydroxyapatite (HA) formation. The monolith material obtained may be a good candidate for application in tissue engineering scaffolds.

Clinical Study of Diclofenac Sodium Eyedrops Used before and after Cataract Operation

Purpose: To determine the effect of 0.1% diclofenac sodium (DS) eyedrops made in China on preventing surgically induced miosis and inflammation. Methods: Seventy cases of cataract inpatients were randomly divided into two groups. DS eyedrops and normal saline as placebo were applied respectively 3h, 1h, 0.5h before operation and once every morning for 7 days after operation. The pupil diameter was measured five times at different stages during the extracapsular cataract extraction. The eyepain, photophobia, conjunctival injection, KP, aqueous flare and light reaction of pupil were observed once a day after operation for a week. Results: 37 eyes in DS group and 33 eyes in placebo group were included in the study. 32 of 37 eyes in DS group (86.5%) maintained mydriasis in all stages of operation and 33 eyes (89. 2%) did not show any obvious sign of inflammation. There was statistically significant difference between the two groups. No serious side effects occurred in the DS group.Conclusions : The DS

pH对蛋黄-海藻酸钠乳液冷凝胶理化性质的影响及其机制分析

乳液冷凝胶因其独特的结构和功能特性显示出巨大的优势和广阔的应用前景。以蛋黄蛋白质(egg yolk protein, EYP)和海藻酸钠(sodium alginate, SA)为基质,通过高速剪切均质机与含葵花籽油混合(油相∶水相为3∶7),形成O/W型EYP-SA乳液冷凝胶。通过改变EYP-SA的pH,分析其热稳定性、水分分布、流变、溶解度、表面疏水性、分子间作用力及二级结构,探究pH对EYP-SA乳液冷凝胶理化性质的影响及机制。结果表明,pH值对EYP-SA乳液冷凝胶的性质有显著影响,随着pH的升高,EYP-SA对水的结合能力增强,逐渐形成了均匀致密的网络结构,展现出良好的热稳定性;在频率扫描测试中,pH的提高降低了样品的G′与G″,EYP-SA弹性和刚性减弱。溶解度和表面疏水性呈显著性相关,原因可能是pH升高,静电排斥力增强导致蛋黄颗粒解聚,溶解度增加的同时蛋白质结构展开,使原本嵌在蛋白质分子内的疏水基团暴露在蛋白质分子表面,疏水相互作用和氢键是EYP-SA乳液冷凝胶形成的主要分子力。pH为9.0时EYP-SA乳液中液滴小且分散均匀,更有利于物质包埋。这些发现为EYP-SA乳液冷凝胶在食品凝胶递送体系中的应用提供了重要的理论依据。

海藻酸钠-羧甲基纤维素钠凝胶涂层对锌负极稳定性的影响

通过一种绿色、自交联策略,基于海藻酸钠(SA)和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)中羧基对Zn^(2+)的离子缔合作用,利用旋涂法在锌电极表面原位构建了具有孔结构的柔性SA+CMC凝胶涂层(Zn@SA+CMC)。涂层中富含羟基,羟基的强吸附效应能够使涂层与锌电极紧密结合,减少界面处的副反应。柔性涂层不仅能适应锌电镀过程中的体积变化,还表现出较好的亲锌性,更低的成核过电压,更高的离子电导率,有利于Zn^(2+)均匀沉积,有效抑制了锌枝晶的生成。因此,Zn@SA+CMC对称电池能稳定运行890 h(3 mA·cm^(-2));Zn@SA+CMC||MnO_(2)全电池表现出优越的倍率和循环性能。

透明质酸钠凝胶联合雌二醇片/雌二醇地屈孕酮片预防人工流产术后宫腔粘连及对月经的影响

目的探讨透明质酸钠凝胶联合雌二醇片/雌二醇地屈孕酮片对人工流产患者术后宫腔粘连的预防及月经恢复情况的影响。方法选取2019年6月至2022年10月在丽水市中医院行人工流产术的286例患者为研究对象。采用随机数字表法分为联合组和对照组,各143例。对照组予以雌二醇片/雌二醇地屈孕酮片治疗,联合组在对照组基础上予以透明质酸钠凝胶治疗。比较两组患者术后恢复情况、宫腔粘连发生情况、第1次月经情况、随访期内月经情况以及并发症发生情况。结果联合组患者腹痛持续时间、阴道流血时间均短于对照组,阴道流血量少于对照组,子宫内膜厚度大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。联合组患者术后宫腔粘连总发生率为4.90%,低于对照组的12.59%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.021)。联合组患者月经复潮时间短于对照组,经期时间长于对照组,月经量多于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。联合组患者术后随访期内平均月经周期短于对照组,平均经期时间长于对照组,平均月经量多于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。随访期内,联合组并发症总发生率为3.50%,低于对照组的10.50%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.020)。结论透明质酸钠凝胶联合雌二醇片/雌二醇地屈孕酮片可增强人工流产术患者术后子宫内膜修复以及月经恢复效果,同时提高对术后宫腔粘连等并发症的预防效果。

国产交联透明质酸钠凝胶纠正中重度鼻唇沟皱纹的安全性及有效性

目的评价国产注射用交联透明质酸钠凝胶纠正中重度鼻唇沟皱纹(NLF)的安全性和有效性。方法本研究采用多中心、前瞻性、评价者-受试者双盲、随机对照的非劣效试验设计,自2021年4月至2023年4月在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院、河南科技大学第一附属医院、沧州市人民医院和应急总医院4个研究中心前瞻性纳入296例中重度NLF患者作为研究对象。按照1∶1比例随机分为国产组和进口组,每组各148例。国产组注射用交联透明质酸钠凝胶,进口组注射用修饰透明质酸钠凝胶。注射后0.5、1、2 h,采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估受试者两侧面部的疼痛情况;比较两组注射后1、3、6、12个月的鼻唇沟皱纹严重程度分级(WSRS)和面部整体美容效果改善分级(GAIS);比较两组受试者不良事件及实验室检查结果。结果注射后0.5、1、2 h,国产组与进口组两侧面部的VAS评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。国产组注射1、3、6、12个月的WSRS改善率分别为96.62%、89.19%、91.22%、35.14%,进口组分别为97.30%、90.54%、90.54%、29.73%,两组WSRS改善率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。注射后1、3、6、12个月,国产组与进口组的GAIS改善情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。本次试验无严重不良事件发生且实验室常规检查及生命体征组间均正常。结论国产注射用交联透明质酸钠凝胶在纠正中重度NLF的效果和安全性与进口产品相当。