西归总酚提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性分析

以西归(Vicatia thibetica de Boiss.)为原材料,利用单因素试验结合响应面法优化西归总酚超声辅助提取工艺条件。通过西归总酚对超氧阴离子、DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除作用,评价体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,西归总酚超声辅助提取的最佳工艺条件为乙醇体积分数54%、液料比1∶41(g∶mL)、提取时间25 min,西归总酚提取量为(3.07±0.31)mg/g,与理论值3.17 mg/g接近,表明该提取工艺稳定可行。西归总酚对超氧阴离子、DPPH自由基及羟自由基的最大清除率分别为(32.34±0.22)%、(26.47±2.25)%、(17.60±0.26)%,说明西归总酚具有较好的抗氧化活性。

栽培和野生大果阿魏营养成分的分析和比较

测定栽培和野生大果阿魏的营养成分、重金属含量,栽培大果阿魏的挥发油成分和农药残留量,通过氨基酸评分(AAS)、化学评分(CSAA)、氨基酸比值系数评分(SRCAA)和必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)评价大果阿魏蛋白质的营养价值。结果显示:2种大果阿魏中营养成分丰富,总膳食纤维含量(栽培7.93%,野生8.62%)远高于其他富含纤维的蔬菜;两者氨基酸的营养价值相当,重金属含量均低于国家限量标准;栽培大果阿魏中维生素总含量明显高于野生大果阿魏,其挥发油主要为萜类成分;农药残留量远低于国家食品安全标准。

中国十字花科一新记录属——双袋荠属

乌恰县位于新疆维吾尔自治区西部,具有特殊的植物区系。作者基于对该地区的野外考察,通过标本研究和文献查证,报道了中国新疆西部的十字花科(Brassicaceae)一新记录属——双袋荠属(Didymophysa Boiss.)。双袋荠属目前共有3种,即新疆双袋荠(D.fedtschenkoana Regel)、双袋荠(D.aucheri Boiss.)、窗隔荠(D.fenestrata)。该文提供了该属的形态描述和分种区别特征,其中新疆双袋荠在我国首次记录,并提供了分布于我国新疆的新疆双袋荠的详细形态描述及生境照片。此外,该文还探讨了该新记录属种发现的生物地理学意义以及我国新疆西部高原地区的植物多样性和特殊性,同时提出了保护工作建议。

西藏凹乳芹多糖的分离纯化、结构表征及抗氧化活性研究

该文以西藏凹乳芹为原料,超声辅助酶法提取多糖,经DEAE-52纤维素和Sephadex G-100凝胶柱分离纯化,得到水溶性西藏凹乳芹多糖(Vicatia thibetica de Boiss polysaccharide,VTP)的纯化组分VTP-1。通过高效凝胶渗透色谱、离子色谱、紫外可见光谱、傅立叶红外光谱、刚果红等实验对其分子质量、单糖组成、空间结构、理化性质和体外抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明,VTP-1相对分子质量为96.81 kDa,由阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖、甘露糖组成,物质的量之比为5.63∶2.79∶86.36∶3.02∶1.59。VTP-1是以α和β-型糖苷键共同连接的中性杂多糖且无三螺旋结构。VTP-1对DPPH自由基、ABTS阳离子自由基、·OH清除率的半抑制浓度值分别为1.808、1.845、4.634 mg/mL,抑制率均表现为依赖剂量性增加,表明其具有良好的抗氧化活性。综上,该实验对西藏凹乳芹多糖首次开展研究,证明了其体外抗氧化活性,为西藏凹乳芹多糖在功能性食品以及医药行业的应用提供了理论依据。

毛菊苣乙酸乙酯萃取物对大鼠溃疡性结肠炎合并急性肝损伤防治作用研究

目的研究毛菊苣根乙酸乙酯萃取物(CGEA)对大鼠急性肝损伤合并溃疡性结肠炎的保护作用。方法将SD大鼠36只随机分为正常组(Control)、模型组(Model)、柳氮磺吡啶肠溶片阳性对照组(Sulfasalazine,100 mg·kg^(-1))和CGEA高、低剂量组(150、100 mg·kg^(-1)),每组6只,除正常组外其余各组给予30%TNBS-40%乙醇溶液灌肠(60 mg·kg^(-1)),同时皮下注射含体积分数40%CCl4的橄榄油溶液2 mL·kg^(-1),一周2次,制备急性肝损伤模型合并溃疡性结肠炎模型,造模成功后将CGEA制备成水混悬液,按照CGEA高剂量组(150 mg·kg^(-1)),CGEA低剂量组(100 mg·kg^(-1))连续灌胃大鼠14 d,每日1次。14 d后,处死大鼠并取血清及肝脾组织,计算肝脾指数,检测大鼠血清相关指标;采用HE染色法观察肝、肠组织病理变化。结果与正常组比较,模型组大鼠肝脾指数明显上升(P<0.01);血清中AST、ALT、AKP、γ-GT和MDA水平显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),SOD水平显著降低(P<0.05);肝组织遭到破坏,炎性细胞浸润;结肠组织结构杂乱,出现炎症细胞浸润现象。与模型组比较,给药组肝脾指数显著降低(P<0.01);血清中AST、ALT、AKP、γ-GT和MDA指标水平显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);给药组肝肠组织破坏程度减轻,炎性细胞浸润减少。结论CGEA可以减轻大鼠溃疡性结肠炎合并急性肝损伤程度,对其起到保护作用。

Antibacterial effect and physicochemical properties of essential oil of Zataria multiflora Boiss

ObjectiveTo evaluate the antibacterial effect and physicochemical properties of essential oil of Zataria multiflora Boiss.MethodsAntibacterial activity of essential oil of Zataria multiflora Boiss was assessed by agar disc diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was tested by E test.ResultsThe essential oil of Zataria multiflora Boiss was effective on pathogenic bacteria particularly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The MIC values of the target cultures ranged from 0.39 mg/mL to 1.56 mg/mL. The physicochemical properties like effects of pH, temperature, detergents, and enzymes on the activity of essential oil from Zataria multiflora Boiss were also determined. The essential oil was quite stable to temperature as tested against S. aureus and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The essential oil was very stable over a wide range of pH. The antibacterial activity of essential oil was insensitive to various protein-denaturing detergents (Such as Tween 80, Tween 20, Triton 100, etc.) and enzymes (namely proteinase K, trypsin, lipase, and lysosyme).ConclusionsA potential use of the essential oil from Zataria multiflora Boiss is suggested. More studies including further purification, mass spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and evaluation of toxicity are needed for confirmation of this suggestion.

Determination of fiber length and juvenile and mature wood zones in Acer velutinum Boiss.trees grown in Iran

In our investigation we studied fiber lengths and the transition age from juvenile to mature wood in Acer velutinum Boiss. For this purpose, samples from three normal maple trees at a Noshahr site in northern Iran were selected. Disks were cut at breast height. Test samples were taken along a radial direction from the pith to the bark, accounting for every ring during a 48-year period. We used the Franklin method to distinguish between fibers of juvenile and mature wood. The results show that the fiber length in- creased along the radial direction from the pith to the bark. The transition age between juvenile and mature wood was determined at the 14th annual ring from the pith.

Advances in Research of Components,Pharmacological Activity and Clinical Application of Vicatia thibetica de Boiss

Vicatia thibetica de Boiss is a Tibetan medicinal herb and mainly contains chemical components such as flavonoids,β-sitosterol and ferulic acid.It has good pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory,analgesic,anti-fatigue,anti-oxidation,anti-aging and enhancing immunity.Based on relevant domestic and foreign literature,this paper comprehensively reviews the main components,pharmacological activity and clinical prescription application of V.thibetica de Boiss,to provide a reference for the in-depth research and comprehensive development and utilization of V.thibetica de Boiss.

Effect of Sowing Rate,Fertilizer Amount and Light on Yield of Cichorum glandulosum Boiss. Et Huet.

[Objectives]This study aimed to investigate the effect of sowing rate,fertilizer amount and light on yield of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet.[Methods]The Latin square design was adopted to investigate the effect of sowing rate+fertilizer amount,sowing rate+light on root and seed yield of C.glandulosum Boiss.et Huet.The changes in the seed and root yield of C.glandulosum Boiss.et Huet.under the influence of sowing rate,N application rate and light were compared and analyzed.[Results]In Moyu,Hotan and similar areas,the suitable sowing rate of C.glandulosum Boiss.et Huet.was 4.5-15.0 kg/ha.Without applying fertilizer,if the main purpose is to harvest the roots,the sowing rate of C.glandulosum Boiss.et Huet.is recommended to be 7.5-15.0 kg/ha;and if the main purpose is to harvest the seeds,the sowing rate is recommended to be 4.5-7.5 kg/ha.Shading will affect the root and seed yield.At the fertilizer amount of 450 kg/ha,the optimal sowing rate of C.glandulosum Boiss.et Huet.is 4.5 kg/ha.[Conclusions]This study provides a certain reference basis for artificial cultivation of C.glandulosum Boiss.et Huet.

A comparative study on the anti-bacterial effect of Echinops persicus, Cardamine uliginosa and Vaccaria oxyodontha Boiss on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria in vitro

Background:Medicinal herbs have always been closely associated with human beings,and no one deny their medicinal effects and uses.There are over 7,500 plant species in the rich flora of Iran.This study,intends to investigate the anti-bacterial properties of three different plant species from Iranian flora,including Echinops persicus,Cardamine uliginosa,and Vaccaria oxyodontha Boiss.Materials and methods:This cross-sectional study was performed after confirmation and identification of collected plants.The plants were dried in the shade for extraction.Then the methanol extract of these plants was extracted by the classical extraction method.The plants’antimicrobial effects of the plants were evaluated by agar disk diffusion,minimum inhibitory concentration,and minimum bactericidal concentration.The mentioned plants’anti-bacterial activity was compared with the antibiotic discs of gentamicin(10 mg)and vancomycin(30 mg).SPSS software v20 was used for data analysis of Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn’s tests(P<0.05).Results:The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration obtained from the methanol extract of Cardamine uliginosa on standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at 15.62 mg/mL for methanol extracts of Echinops persicus and Vaccaria oxyodontha Boiss on S.aureus and E.coli at 31.25 mg/mL and 125 mg/mL,respectively.The highest diameter of inhibition zone caused by methanol extract of Cardamine uiliginosa was against S.aureus and E.coli with an inhibition zone of 23.9±0.29 mm and 20.4±0.43 mm,respectively.Compared with the antibiotics gentamicin and vancomycin,the Cardamine uliginosa showed a stronger inhibitory effect(P<0.05).Conclusion:Echinops persicus,Cardamine uliginosa,and Vaccaria oxyodontha Boiss have anti-bacterial properties.The anti-bacterial property of Cardamine uilignosa is higher than the other two herbal medicine.

HPLC法同时测定西藏凹乳芹根中4种成分的含量

建立同时测定西藏凹乳芹中伞形花内酯、佛手柑内酯、芹菜素以及阿魏酸等含量的方法。采用SinoChrom ODS-BP柱(250.0 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);检测波长320 nm;柱温30℃;流动相为0.05%磷酸-甲醇,进行梯度洗脱;流速为1 mL/min。结果显示,伞形花内酯、佛手柑内酯在0.0050~0.5000 mg/mL范围内,阿魏酸在0.0100~0.5000 mg/mL范围内,芹菜素在0.0025~0.5000 mg/mL范围内有良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为102.00%、96.00%、96.58%、104.40%。本试验建立的方法可行性较高,可以用于同时测定西藏凹乳芹中伞形花内酯、佛手柑内酯、芹菜素以及阿魏酸4种成分的含量。

霸王鞭内生真菌Fusarium sp.DCJ-A发酵物的次生代谢产物研究

采用多种色谱方法对分离自大戟属植物霸王鞭(Euphorbia royleana Boiss)的内生真菌Fusarium sp.DCJ-A的发酵物进行提取和分离,所得化合物的结构通过核磁共振波谱法进行了结构解析,共鉴定了8个化合物,其中包括2个含氧杂环化合物、3个含氮杂环化合物以及3个苯环衍生物,分别为:1 H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid(1)、4-methlpyrazole-3(5)-carboxylic acid(2)、p-hydroxy phenylacetic acid(3)、methyl-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate(4)、methyl-4-butyranmiddobenzoate(5)、6-(1-hydroxypentyl)-4-methoxy-2 H-pyran-2-one(6)、(3 S,6R)-6-(l-methylethyl)-3-phenylmethyl-l,4-perhydrooxazine-2,5-dione(7)和xylophone(8),其中化合物2、5、7和8共4个化合物均首次从镰刀菌属Fusarium中分离得到.

白芥子提取物的镇咳、祛痰及平喘作用研究

目的 研究白芥子不同溶媒提取物的镇咳、祛痰、平喘药理作用。方法 浓氨水喷雾法、毛细玻管法、喷雾致喘法。结果 炒白芥子醇提取物有明显的镇咳作用 ;白芥子水提取物有良好的祛痰作用 ;炒白芥子石油醚提取物可显著对抗 4 %氯化乙酰胆碱诱导的豚鼠哮喘。结论 白芥子具有镇咳、祛痰和平喘作用。其镇咳成分极性偏小 ;祛痰成分极性偏大 ,水溶性大 ;平喘成分的极性小 。

贵州植物区系增补Ⅱ

报道了贵州种子植物地理分布新记录属2个,即獐耳细辛属Hepatica Mill.、扭柄花属Streptopus Michx..新记录种14个,即金佛铁线莲Clematis gratopsis W.T.Wang、川鄂獐耳细辛Hepatica henryi (Oliv.) Steward、网脉唐松草Thalictrum reticulatum Franch.、阴山荠Yinshania acutangula (O.E.Schulz) Y.H.Zhang、大花杠柳Periploca tsiangii D.Fang et H.Z.Ling、钻萼唇柱苣苔Chirita subulatisepala W.T.Wang、南川橐吾Ligularia nanchuanica S.W.Liu、鸢尾叶风毛菊Saussurea romuleifolia Franch.、圆叶风毛菊Saussurea rotundifolia Chen、莲座狗舌草Tephroseris changii B.Nord.、少花黄鹌菜Youngia szechuanica(Soderb.) S.Y.Hu、地杨梅Luzula campestris (L.) DC.、疏花粉条儿菜Aletris laxiflora Bur.et Franch.、小花扭柄花Streptopus parviflorus Franch..新记录变种2个,即扇叶虎耳草Saxifraga rufescens Balf.f.var.flabellifolia C.Y.Wu et J.T.Pan、空心柴胡Bupleurum longicaule Wall.ex DC.var.franchetii H.de Boiss.

西归的化学成分研究

从云南特产菜蔬西归 (伞形科植物西藏凹乳芹VicatiathibeticadeBoiss 的根 )中分离鉴定了 8个化合物 ,分别为伞形花内酯 (umbelliferone ,1) ,佛手柑内酯 (bergapten ,2 ) ,阿魏酸 (ferulicacid ,3) ,芹菜素 (api genin ,4 ) ,β 谷甾醇 (β sitosterol,5 ) ,胡萝卜甙 (daucosterol,6 ) ,d 甘露醇 (d mannitol,7) ,蔗糖 (sucrose ,8) ,这 8个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。

用微波消解法-FAAS测定民族药腺毛菊苣根中八种金属元素的含量

腺毛菊苣是新疆维吾尔族传统习用药材,但其药物中有效微量、常量元素成分尚未进行过分析研究。试验采用HNO3作为消解液,利用微波消解的方法处理样品,原子吸收分光光度法测定维吾尔药材菊苣根中钾(K)、镍(Ni)、钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、铜(Cu)和锌(Zn)八种微量、常量元素的含量,精密度和回收率较好,回收率控制在92.25%～110.5%之间,相对标准偏差RSD≤3.88%。结果显示新疆菊苣中Mg,Ca,Fe,K等人体所需的必须微量元素含量十分丰富,特别是Mg和Ca含量较高,分别达到278.17和65.84mg·g-1。其他元素中Mg和Zn含量中等;而Cu含量则较低,仅有0.0165mg·g-1,Ni含量为0.00438mg·g-1,实验结果为维吾尔医利用菊苣治疗心脑血管、骨质疏松症等疾病从微量元素的角度提供了有用的数据。

白芥自交亲和性分析

对不同来源的8份白芥材料,采用人工自交法分析其自交亲和性。结果显示：白芥的自交亲和性存在较大幅度的变异,自交亲和指数在0.01-4.10之间,8份参试材料中,自交亲和指数小于1的材料有3个,自交亲和指数大于1的材料有5个。表明白芥中存在自交亲和材料,白芥自交亲和性变异不仅存在于材料间,而且也存在于同一材料内不同个体间。按自交亲和指数的高低,可将参试材料分为3种类型：高自交亲和类型（自交亲和指数大于3.00,如民乐洪水芥麻、04（X）等）、自交亲和类型（自交亲和指数为1.00-2.99）、自交不亲和类型（自交亲和指数0.00-1.00）。

维药毛菊苣提取物对小鼠四氮化碳急性肝损伤的保护作用

菊苣根是菊科植物毛菊苣（Cichorium glandulosumboiss）的根，菊苣别名苦苣、法国苦苣、蓝苣等，学名Cichorium intybus L是菊科菊苣属的两年生或多年生宿根植物，其嫩叶、叶球或根可食用或药用，具有开通阻滞、利尿、消肿、清热、营养胃肝等之功效。国家药材标准《维吾尔药志》上有记载：“菊苣可入药，味微苦、咸，性凉。维吾尔医临床广泛应用于肝炎、胆囊炎等肝胆疾病的治疗。

准噶尔大戟的化学成分研究

目的对准噶尔大戟中的化学成分进行分离鉴定。方法采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20及MPLC制备色谱技术,通过理化方法和光谱分析鉴定其结构。结果从准噶尔大戟的乙醇提取物中得到11个化合物.分别鉴定为香茅二醇(Ⅰ),白桦脂醇(Ⅱ)、白桦脂酸(Ⅲ)、齐墩果酸(Ⅳ)、7-O-β-谷甾醇(Ⅴ)、3-甲氧基-4-羟基反式苯丙烯酸正二十八醇酯(Ⅵ)、二十八酸(Ⅶ)、1-二十八烯(Ⅷ)、24-亚甲基-环阿尔廷醇(Ⅸ)、大戟醇(Ⅹ)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅺ)。结论化合物Ⅰ～Ⅷ均为首次从该植物中分离得到。

准噶尔大戟根中黄酮类成分的研究

目的研究新疆产准噶尔大戟根的黄酮类化学成分,阐明其药理作用的物质基础。方法通过反复硅胶柱色谱,运用硅胶薄层制备以及凝胶柱色谱等方法分离纯化化合物,利用核磁共振等现代波谱技术解析化合物结构。结果从准噶尔大戟根的氯仿部分分离得到了4个黄酮类化合物:山柰酚(Ⅰ),槲皮素(Ⅱ),芹菜素(Ⅲ)和鼠李素(Ⅳ);从其正丁醇部分分离得到了3个黄酮苷类化合物:槲皮苷(Ⅴ),槲皮素-3-O--αD-阿拉伯糖苷(Ⅵ),芹菜素-7-O--βD-葡萄糖苷(Ⅶ)。结论上述化合物均首次从该植物中分离得到。