DBD等离子体与活化水对马铃薯生长特性及产量的影响

等离子体技术在农业生产、生物医学、环境保护等领域有着广泛的应用前景。论文采用多针-板电极制备等离子体活化水装置、板-板电极等离子体直接处理马铃薯装置,对比研究了不同放电功率下等离子体活化水、直接等离子体处理对马铃薯生长特性及产量的影响。2种装置均呈丝状放电,且放电功率与外施电压正相关;当最佳放电功率匹配时,等离子体活化水、直接等离子体处理均能显著改善马铃薯生长特性及产量。等离子体活化水的放电功率为53 W时,马铃薯植株高度、茎粗、鲜重、叶绿素质量分数及产量分别提升了6.4%、18.9%、25.9%、31.7%及17.5%;直接等离子体处理马铃薯的放电功率为8 W时,植株的各参数值增幅均在10%以上。研究结果表明:放电功率变化时,等离子体活化水的理化参数(pH值、氧化还原电位、电导率、过氧化氢、硝酸根离子、亚硝酸根离子)变化显著;随着放电功率的提升,直接等离子体处理的马铃薯吸水率先增长后下降,种皮刻蚀逐渐明显。论文的研究可为DBD等离子体与活化水在农业生产领域应用提供参考。

Reduction of turbulent boundary layer drag through dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuation based on the Spalding formula

It is a very difficult task to develop a method of reducing turbulent boundary layer drag.However,in recent years,plasma flow control technology has demonstrated huge potential in friction drag reduction.To further investigate this issue,a smooth plate model was designed as a testing object arranged with a bidirectional dielectric-barrier-discharge(DBD)plasma actuator.In addition,measurement of skin friction drag was achieved by applying hot wire anemometry to obtain the velocity distribution of the turbulent boundary layer.A method of quantifying the friction drag effect was adopted based on the Spalding formula fitted with the experiment data.When plasma actuation was conducted,a velocity defect occurred at the two measuring positions,compared with the no plasma control condition;this means that the DBD plasma actuation could reduce the drag successfully in the downstream of the actuator.Moreover,drag reduction caused by backward actuation was slightly more efficient than that caused by forward actuation.With an increasing distance from plasma actuation,the drag-reduction effect could become weaker.Experimental results also show that the improvement of drag-reduction efficiency using a DBD plasma actuator can achieve about 8.78%in the local region of the experimental flat model.

Turbulent boundary layer control with DBD plasma actuators

The flat-plate turbulent boundary layer at Reτ=1140 is manipulated using a spanwise array of bidirectional dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma actuators.Based on the features of no moving mechanical parts in the DBD plasma control technology and hot-wire anemometer velocity measurements,a novel convenient method of local drag reduction(DR)measurement is proposed by measuring the single-point velocity within the linear region of the viscous sublayer.We analyze the premise of using the method,and the maximum effective measurement range of-73.1%<DR<42.2%is obtained according to the experimental environment in this work.The local drag decreases downstream of the center of two adjacent upper electrodes and increases downstream of the upper electrodes.The magnitude of the local DR increases with increasing voltage and decreases as it moves away from the actuators.For the spanwise position in between,the streamwise distribution of the local DR is very dependent on the voltage.The variable-interval time-average detection results reveal that all bursting intensities are reduced compared to the baseline,and the amount of reduction is comparable to the absolute values of the local DR.Compared with previous results,we infer that the control mechanism is that many meandering streaks are combined together into single stabilized streaks.

Fast synthesis of gold nanoparticles by cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet in the presence of Au^(+) ions and a capping agent

Homogeneous gold nanoparticles were synthesized under atmospheric pressure using a nonthermal helium plasma jet in a single-step process.A current power supply was used to generate the plasma discharge rich in diverse reactive species.These species induce rapid chemical reactions responsible for the reduction of the gold salts upon contact with the liquid solution.In this study,spherical and monodispersed gold nanoparticles were obtained within 5 min of plasma exposure using a solution containing gold(Ⅲ)chloride hydrate(HAuCl_(4))as a precursor and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)as a capping agent to inhibit agglomerations.The formation of these metal nanoparticles was initially perceptible through a visible change in the sample's color,transitioning from light yellow to a red/pink color.This was subsequently corroborated by UVvis spectroscopy,which revealed an optical absorption in the 520-550 nm range for Au NPs,corresponding to the surface plasmon resonance(SPR)band.An investigation into the impact of various parameters,including plasma discharge duration,precursor and capping agent concentrations,was carried out to optimize conditions for the formation of well-separated,spherical gold nanoparticles.Dynamic light scattering(DLS)was used to measure the size of these nanoparticles,transmission electron microscopy(TEM)was used to observe their morphology and X-ray diffraction(XRD)was also employed to determine their crystallographic structure.The results confirm that homogeneous spherical gold nanoparticles with an average diameter of 13 nm can be easily synthesized through a rapid,straightforward,and environmentally friendly approach utilizing a helium atmospheric pressure plasma.

中心电极结构DBD等离子体辅助煤炭池火燃烧特性

为研究块状煤的高效燃烧,论文搭建了以氧化铝陶瓷作为介质的中心电极结构助燃装置;针对不规则块状煤炭燃烧的放电独特环境,研究了激励源参数和装置结构在特殊工质气体氛围下的系统匹配和介质阻挡放电等离子体辅助煤炭池火燃烧时的放电特性及对燃烧的影响。结果表明:外施峰值电压在12~16k V范围内装置实现稳定放电,放电功率大小与外施电压大小正相关;装置内径为30~60mm,增大内径且电压保持不变,放电功率先增大后减小。介质阻挡放电等离子体介入后煤炭池火燃烧面逐步扩大,燃烧极限得到了拓展,燃烧温度和质量衰减得到明显提升,并与电压大小正相关,助燃前期温度和质量随电压变化明显。

水降膜DBD等离子体去除水中磺胺甲恶唑的效能及机理

水降膜介质阻挡放电装置可以在气相高效生成反应活性物质,且大的气–液反应界面有利于反应活性物质的气–液传质,高效降解液相污染物。为此研究了单极性和双极性脉冲电源供电时水降膜装置的放电特性及磺胺甲恶唑(sulfamethoxazole,SMX)的降解效率,研究发现双极性脉冲供电时,水降膜装置放电强度及SMX降解率更高。同时,本文探究了双极性脉冲电压和频率、SMX初始质量浓度、pH值、液体流速和电导率对SMX降解的影响,分析了SMX的降解机理。结果表明:放电功率随放电电压和脉冲频率升高而增大,SMX降解率随之升高,当放电电压较低(24 kV)时,电压升高能提高SMX降解的能量效率,但提升放电频率会导致SMX降解能量效率的下降;液体循环流量和电导率对SMX的降解影响不大;放电功率为5 W,放电处理质量浓度为20 mg/L的200 mL溶液30 min,SMX降解率达到了80.2%,能量效率达到1.28 g/(kW·h);由于过臭氧化和SMX分子的质子化效应,碱性条件下SMX的降解率远高于酸性条件下的降解率。

Bacteria Inactivation Using DBD Plasma Jet in Atmospheric Pressure Argon

A coaxial dielectric barrier discharge plasma jet was designed, which can be operated in atmospheric pressure argon under an intermediate frequency sinusoidal resonant power supply, and an atmospheric pressure glow-like discharge was achieved. Two kinds of typical bacteria, i.e., the Staphylococcus aureus （S. aureus） and Escherichia coil （E. coil）, were employed to study the bacterial inactivation mechanism by means of the non-thermal plasma. The killing log value （KLV） of S. aureus reached up to 5.38 with a treatment time of 90 s and that of E. coil up to 5.36 with 60 s, respectively. According to the argon emission spectra of the plasma jet and the scanning electron microscope （SEM） images of the two bacteria before and after the plasma treatment, it is concluded that the reactive species in the argon plasma played a major role in the bacterial inactivation, while the heat, electric field and UV photons had little effect.

Atmospheric-Pressure DBD Cold Plasma for Preparation of High Active Au/P25 Catalysts for Low-Temperature CO Oxidation

Cold plasma generated by dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） at atmospheric pressure was adopted for preparation of commercial TiO2 Degussa P25 supported Au catalysts （Au/P25- P） with the assistance of the deposition-precipitation procedure. The influences of the plasma reduction time and calcination on the performance of the Au/P25-P catalysts were investigated. CO oxidation was performed to investigate the catalytic activity of the Au/P25 catalysts. The results show that DBD cold plasma for the fabrication of Au/P25-P catalysts is a fast process, and Au/P25-P （4 min） exhibited the highest CO oxidation activity due to the complete reduction of Au compounds and less consumption of oxygen vacancies. In order to form more oxygen vacancies active species, Au/P25-P was calcined to obtain Au/P25-PC catalysts. Interestingly, Au/P25- PC exhibited the highest activity for CO oxidation among the Au/P25 samples. The results of transmission electron microscopy （TEM） indicated that the smaller size and high distribution of Au nanoparticles are the mean reasons for a high performance of Au/P25-PC. Atmospheric- pressure DBD cold plasma was proved to be of great efficiency in preparing high performance supported Au catalysts.

Effects of Atmospheric DBD Plasma Treatment on the Surface Properties of PAN-Based Carbon Fiber

Plasma treatment has been known as an effective way to improve the surface bonding between the reinforcement material and the matrix, by modifying the surface morphology and the chemical composes of the material. In order to investigate the effects of atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment on the surface properties of polyacrylonitrile-based (PAN-based) carbon fiber, atomic force microscope(AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), and contact angle test were introduced to compare different treatment duration. The interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber/epoxy (CF/EP) composites were analyzed by a single fiber composite (SFC) for filament fragmentation test. And the tensile strength test and Weibull analysis were carried out to observe whether the etching could affect the strength. The results prove that the DBD plasma improves the surface properties of the carbon fiber. Further, when the treatment time was around 90 s, the roughness and oxygen containing group of the carbon fiber reached the peak values. Also, the fiber showed the best adhesion to the polymer in contact angle test and the optimum interfacial shear strength (IFSS) in fragmentation test. The Weibull analyses of the tensile data revealed no substantial changes in the tensile strength within the treatment time of 180 s.

Deposition of SiO_x on Metal Surface with a DBD Plasma Gun at Atmospheric Pressure for Corrosion Prevention

In this study, SiOx films were deposited by a dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） plasma gun at an atmospheric pressure. The relationship of the film structures with plasma powers was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, and scanning electron microscope （SEM）. It was shown that an uniform and cross-linking structure film was formed by the DBD gun. As an application, the SiOx films were deposited on a carbon steel surface for the anti-corrosion purpose. The experiment was carried out in a 0.1 M NaCl solution. It was found that a very good anti-corrosive property was obtained, i.e., the corrosion rate was decreased c.a. 15 times in 5% NaCl solution compared to the non-SiOx coated steel, as detected by the potentiodynamic polarization measurement.

Numerical study of the flow structures in flat plate and the wall-mounted hump induced by the unsteady DBD plasma

In this work,the dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuator was employed to study the flow structures induced by the plasma actuator over a flat plate and a wall-mounted hump.A phenomenological dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma model which regarded the plasma effect as the body force was implemented into the Navier–Stokes equations solved by the method of large eddy simulations.The results show that a series of vortex pairs,which indicated dipole formation and periodicity distribution were generated in the boundary layer when the plasma was applied to the flow over a flat plane.They would enhance the energy exchanged between the near wall region and the free stream.Besides,their spatial trajectories are deeply affected by the actuation strength.When the actuator was engaged in the flow over a wall-mounted hump,the vortex pairs were also produced,which was able to delay flow separation as well as to promote flow reattachment and reduce the generation of a vortex,achieving the goal of reducing dissipation and decreasing flow resistance.

Simulation of Flow Around Cylinder Actuated by DBD Plasma

The electric-static body force model is obtained by solving Maxwell＇s electromagnetic equations. Based on the electro-static model, numerical modeling of flow around a cylinder with a dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） plasma effect is also presented. The flow streamlines between the numerical simulation and the particle image velocimetry （PIV） experiment are consistent. According to the numerical simulation, DBD plasma can reduce the drag coefficient and change the vortex shedding frequencies of flow around tile cylinder.

Activated persulfate by DBD plasma and activated carbon for the degradation of acid orange Ⅱ

In this study, the effect of activated peroxydisulfate(PDS) by dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) plasma and activated carbon(HGAC) on the removal of acid orange Ⅱ(AOⅡ) was investigated. The effects of applied voltage, PDS dosage, HGAC dosage, initial pH value, and inorganic anions on the removal rate of AOⅡ were discussed. The main free radicals degrading azo dyes during the experiment were also studied. Experimental results show that the removal rate of AOⅡ in DBD/HGAC/PDS synergistic system is much higher than that in the single system. With the applied voltage of 16 kV, HGAC dosage of 1 g l-1, PDS and AOⅡ molar ratio of 200:1, initial pH value of 5.4 and concentration of AOⅡ solution of 20 mg l-1, the removal rate of AOⅡ reached 97.6% in DBD/HGAC/PDS process after 28 min of reaction.Acidic and neutral conditions are beneficial for AOⅡ removal. Sulfate and hydroxyl radicals play an important role in the removal of AOⅡ. Inorganic anions are not conducive to the removal of AOⅡ.

Turbulent boundary layer control with a spanwise array of DBD plasma actuators

The turbulent boundary layer control on NACA 0012 airfoil with Mach number ranging from 0.3 to 0.5 by a spanwise array of dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)plasma actuators by hot-film sensor technology is investigated.Due to temperature change mainly caused through heat produced along with plasma will lead to measurement error of shear stress measured by hot-film sensor,the correction method that takes account of the change measured by another sensor is used and works well.In order to achieve the value of shear stress change,we combine computational fluid dynamics computation with experiment to calibrate the hot-film sensor.To test the stability of the hot-film sensor,seven repeated measurements of shear stress at Ma=0.3 are conducted and show that confidence interval of hot-film sensor measurement is from−0.18 to 0.18 Pa and the root mean square is 0.11 Pa giving a relative error 0.5%over all Mach numbers in this experiment.The research on the turbulent boundary layer control with DBD plasma actuators demonstrates that the control makes shear stress increase by about 6%over the three Mach numbers,which is thought to be reliable through comparing it with the relative error 0.5%,and the value is hardly affected by burst frequency and excitation voltage.

Experimental investigation on DBD plasma reforming hydrocarbon blends

To improve the‘detonation-supporting’performance of fuel-rich catalytic combustion products,DBD plasma,stimulated by adjustable nanosecond pulse power supply,was used to further regulate the components and concentrations of the hydrocarbon blends.In this paper,the parameters including load voltage,frequency,rising(falling)edge,pulse width and feeding flow rate were changed respectively,and the corresponding concentration and proportion change of the components in blend gas were investigated.According to the experiment result,it was found that when the discharge frequency is low,the plasma mainly promotes the transformation of light gaseous substances,while it mainly promotes the conversion to heavy hydrocarbons when the frequency is larger.Increasing load voltage will strengthen this trend.The controlling and reforming effect of plasma on the blend gas will decrease with the increase of voltage rising(falling)edge and the feeding flow rate.The regulation effect will be strengthened with the increase of pulse width under 200 ns.With the increase of discharge intensity,the‘carbon’settles on the walls of the reactor,which will change the dielectric constant,leading to the loss of control of the discharge.

垂直磁场对DBD降解亚甲基蓝模拟废水的影响

研究了垂直磁场对介质阻挡放电等离子体处理亚甲蓝模拟废水的影响。磁场的方向与电场方向垂直,研究发现垂直磁场可以引起电子的回旋运动和漂移运动,使其电子在气隙空间中的保留时间和运动轨迹延长,电子与空气分子和水分子的碰撞概率增加,可以提升等离子体的均匀性和化学活性,提高亚甲基蓝降解过程中的能量利用效率,更有效地降解亚甲基蓝模拟废水。研究结果表明:在500~2 000 Gs垂直磁场条件下,利用介质阻挡放电等离子体降解亚甲基蓝模拟废水,可以使亚甲基蓝的降解率比没有磁场条件下提高10%左右。同等条件下,磁场强度越强,亚甲基蓝的降解率和能量效率越高。

Experimental study on the characteristics of DBD plasma coal liquefaction by using coal nanopowder

A new method for liquefying coal using dielectric barrier discharge plasma has been studied.By utilizing waste oil as the solvent and processing coal nano powder in the plasma for 10 min,we have attained a liquid yield of more than 80%.The experiment shows that not only the coal nanopowder promoted the liquefaction process,but hydrogen radicals improved the liquid yield effectively.In the plasma processing,the phenomenon of the changing color of the nanopowder solution and not producing a solid residue has been obviously observed.The rational parameters that affected the liquefaction of coal nanopowder have been achieved through the experiment,and the liquefied products have been analyzed.

Research on the Peristaltic Flow Acceleration Performance of Asynchronous and Duty Cycle Pulsed DBD Plasma Actuation

Using a plexiglas plate model, the performance of peristaltic flow acceleration in- duced by multiple DBD （dielectric barrier discharge） plasma actuators was studied based on PIV （particle image velocimetry）. The asynchronous and the duty cycle pulsed actuation modes were proposed and tested. The velocity fields induced by multiple DBD plasma actuators with different phase angles and duty cycle ratios were acquired and the momentum transfer characteristics of the flow field were discussed. Consequently, the mechanism of the peristalsis-acceleration multi- ple DBD plasma actuation was analyzed. The results show that the peristaltic flow acceleration effect of multiple plasma actuators occurs mainly in paraelectric direction, and the mechanism of peristaltic flow acceleration is ejection pushing effect rather than injection pumping effect. The asynchronous and the duty cycle pulsed actuation modes can, with energy consumption increase of merely 10%, achieve 65% and 42% increase of downstream velocity, and thus are promising in velocity improvement and energy saving.

Electrical and Optical Characterization of DBD and Its Application to Plasma Treatment of PET Fibers

A newly developed atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） plasma treatment system （PLA-PLA） was used in this study. The discharge is characterized by electrical analysis and optical emission spectroscopy （OES）. The characters of the discharge were found to change systematically with an increase of applied voltage and variation of flow ratio of O2/Ar in the plasma. The OES analysis revealed that the relatively weak spectrum line can be detected beyond a certain applied power value. It is also found that the emission intensity of main species in the discharge spectrum will be enhanced with the increase of applied power. To improve the wettability, poly （ethylene terephtalate） （PET） fiber was treated in this system. The surface morphology and properties of fiber after plasma treatment were investigated by both scanning electron microscope （SEM） and contact angle measurement.

Effect of DBD plasma excitation characteristics on turbulent separation over a hump model

In this paper, the effect of dielectric-barrier discharge plasma excitation characteristics on turbulent boundary layer separation over a hump is investigated using computational fluid dynamics. Four different turbulence models were used for verification. The Reynolds stress model showed the best agreement with the experimental data, in general. Based on the verification and validation, the effect of duty cycle and excitation frequency on the turbulent flow separation were investigated. The results showed that the pulsed plasma excitation could effectively suppress the flow separation by mixing augmentation. With increasing duty cycle and excitation frequency, the flow separation first increased, then decreased again. The optimal duty cycle was 0.75 and the optimal excitation frequency was 50 Hz.