The present study detected distribution and expression of nerve growth factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the mesencephalon and diencephalon, as well as visual- and auditory-related nervous tissues, in a ma...The present study detected distribution and expression of nerve growth factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the mesencephalon and diencephalon, as well as visual- and auditory-related nervous tissues, in a macaque model of type 2 diabetes using immunohistochemistry. Results showed that nerve growth factor expression decreased, but inducible nitric oxide synthase expression increased, in the mesencephalon and diencephalon, as well as visual- and auditory- related nervous tissues. These results suggested that nerve growth factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase play an important role in regulating the development of diabetic visual- and auditory-related diseases.展开更多
The distribution of choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT)-like immunoreactive structure inthe one day chicken diencephalons was examined by the method of streptavidin-Perosidase(SP) immunocytochemistry. It was found that C...The distribution of choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT)-like immunoreactive structure inthe one day chicken diencephalons was examined by the method of streptavidin-Perosidase(SP) immunocytochemistry. It was found that ChAT immunoreactive neurons and fiberspresented in many regions of one day chicken. Neural structure containing cholinergicneurons with varying density and immunoreactivity were the N. habexularis lateralis andN. habexularis medialis of the epithalamus, the N. rotundus, N. Ovoidalis, N. subrotundusand N. geniculatus lateralis of the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the N. decussationissupraopticae dorsalis of stratathalamus. There were also many varicose and nonvaricosefibers and terminals in the N. geniculatus lateralis and the hypothalamus. The resultssuggested that the diencephalons of one day chicken is richly innervated by the cholinergicneuron system.展开更多
tAstrocytes are the largest glial population in the mammalian brain.However,we have a minimal understanding of astrocyte development,especially fate specification in different regions of the brain.Through lineage trac...tAstrocytes are the largest glial population in the mammalian brain.However,we have a minimal understanding of astrocyte development,especially fate specification in different regions of the brain.Through lineage tracing of the progenitors of the third ventricle(3V)wall via in-utero electroporation in the embryonic mouse brain,we show the fate specification and migration pattern of astrocytes derived from radial glia along the 3V wall.Unexpectedly,radial glia located in different regions along the 3V wall of the diencephalon produce distinct cell types:radial glia in the upper region produce astrocytes and those in the lower region produce neurons in the diencephalon.With genetic fate mapping analysis,we reveal that the first population of astrocytes appears along the zona incerta in the diencephalon.Astrogenesis occurs at an early time point in the dorsal region relative to that in the ventral region of the developing diencephalon.With transcriptomic analysis of the region-specific 3V wall and lateral ventricle(LV)wall,we identified cohorts of differentially-expressed genes in the dorsal 3V wall compared to the ventral 3V wall and LV wall that may regulate astrogenesis in the dorsal diencephalon.Together,these results demonstrate that the generation of astrocytes shows a spatiotemporal pattern in the developing mouse diencephalon.展开更多
基金supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Teaming University, No. IRT0848Sichuan Province International Technology Cooperation and Communication Research Programs, No. 2010HH0013+2 种基金Sichuan Province Basic Research Program, No. 2011JY0054the National Key Research Program of China, No. 2011ZX09301-001, 2011ZX09307-301-3Science and Technology Support Programs of Sichuan Province, No. 2011JO0040, 2011ZO0034
文摘The present study detected distribution and expression of nerve growth factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase in the mesencephalon and diencephalon, as well as visual- and auditory-related nervous tissues, in a macaque model of type 2 diabetes using immunohistochemistry. Results showed that nerve growth factor expression decreased, but inducible nitric oxide synthase expression increased, in the mesencephalon and diencephalon, as well as visual- and auditory- related nervous tissues. These results suggested that nerve growth factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase play an important role in regulating the development of diabetic visual- and auditory-related diseases.
基金The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39670550),the authors also thank Xu Xiaoming for laboratory assistance.
文摘The distribution of choline-acetyltransferase (ChAT)-like immunoreactive structure inthe one day chicken diencephalons was examined by the method of streptavidin-Perosidase(SP) immunocytochemistry. It was found that ChAT immunoreactive neurons and fiberspresented in many regions of one day chicken. Neural structure containing cholinergicneurons with varying density and immunoreactivity were the N. habexularis lateralis andN. habexularis medialis of the epithalamus, the N. rotundus, N. Ovoidalis, N. subrotundusand N. geniculatus lateralis of the thalamus, the hypothalamus, the N. decussationissupraopticae dorsalis of stratathalamus. There were also many varicose and nonvaricosefibers and terminals in the N. geniculatus lateralis and the hypothalamus. The resultssuggested that the diencephalons of one day chicken is richly innervated by the cholinergicneuron system.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871477 and 32170971)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(18ZR1403800)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2014CB965001).
文摘tAstrocytes are the largest glial population in the mammalian brain.However,we have a minimal understanding of astrocyte development,especially fate specification in different regions of the brain.Through lineage tracing of the progenitors of the third ventricle(3V)wall via in-utero electroporation in the embryonic mouse brain,we show the fate specification and migration pattern of astrocytes derived from radial glia along the 3V wall.Unexpectedly,radial glia located in different regions along the 3V wall of the diencephalon produce distinct cell types:radial glia in the upper region produce astrocytes and those in the lower region produce neurons in the diencephalon.With genetic fate mapping analysis,we reveal that the first population of astrocytes appears along the zona incerta in the diencephalon.Astrogenesis occurs at an early time point in the dorsal region relative to that in the ventral region of the developing diencephalon.With transcriptomic analysis of the region-specific 3V wall and lateral ventricle(LV)wall,we identified cohorts of differentially-expressed genes in the dorsal 3V wall compared to the ventral 3V wall and LV wall that may regulate astrogenesis in the dorsal diencephalon.Together,these results demonstrate that the generation of astrocytes shows a spatiotemporal pattern in the developing mouse diencephalon.
