Mechanism and optimization of fuel injection parameters on combustion noise of DI diesel engine

Combustion noise takes large proportion in diesel engine noise and the studies of its influence factors play an important role in noise reduction. Engine noise and cylinder pressure measurement experiments were carried out. And the improved attenuation curves were obtained, by which the engine noise was predicted. The effect of fuel injection parameters in combustion noise was investigated during the combustion process. At last, the method combining single variable optimization and multivariate combination was introduced to online optimize the combustion noise. The results show that injection parameters can affect the cylinder pressure rise rate and heat release rate, and consequently affect the cylinder pressure load and pressure oscillation to influence the combustion noise. Among these parameters, main injection advance angle has the greatest influence on the combustion noise, while the pilot injection interval time takes the second place, and the pilot injection quantity is of minimal impact. After the optimal design of the combustion noise, the average sound pressure level of the engine is distinctly reduced by 1.0 d B(A) generally. Meanwhile, the power, emission and economy performances are ensured.

Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Rate-Shaped Main Injection on Combustion and Emission in an OPOC Two-Stroke Diesel Engine

The effects of various split injection strategies on the opposed-piston opposed-cylinder(OPOC)diesel engine combustion and emission characteristics have been studied numerically using AVL-Fire CFD tools.The five rate-shaped main injections were used in split injection strategies.The results show that ignition delay from a rectangular injection rate is the shortest.Maximum pressure of the trapezoid injection rate is the largest.And the NOx emission of the rectangular injection rate is the largest.Meanwhile,the soot emission of the trapezoid injection rate is the least among the five injection rates.

Effects of different combustion modes on the thermal efficiency and emissions of a diesel pilot-ignited natural gas engine under low-medium loads

Research on dual-fuel(DF)engines has become increasingly important as engine manufacturers seek to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.There are significant advantages of using diesel pilot-ignited natural gas engines as DF engines.However,different combustion modes exist due to variations in the formation of the mixture.This research used a simulation model and numerical simulations to explore the combustion characteristics of high-pressure direct injection(HPDI),partially premixed compression ignition(PPCI),and double pilot injection premixed compression ignition(DPPCI)combustion modes under a low-medium load.The results revealed that the DPPCI combustion mode provides higher gross indicated thermal efficiency and more acceptable total hydrocarbon(THC)emission levels than the other modes.Due to its relatively good performance,an experimental study was conducted on the DPPCI mode engine to evaluate the impact of the diesel dual-injection strategy on the combustion process.In the DPPCI mode,a delay in the second pilot ignition injection time increased THC emissions(a maximum value of 4.27g/(kW·h)),decreased the emission of nitrogen oxides(a maximum value of 7.64 g/(kW·h)),increased and then subsequently decreased the gross indicated thermal efficiency values,which reached 50.4%under low-medium loads.

Combustion Characteristics and Emission of a Two-Stroke Compression Ignition Engine with Two-Stage Injection

In order to study the effect of two-stage injection on two-stroke diesel engines, a well characterized research engine equipped with electronically controlled common rail system and scavenging system was constructed. Through analysis of combustion and emissions, two-stage injection shows its advantages. Compared with the standard injection, it produces less emissions, while compared with single early injection, it expands engine operation range. Further experiments were carried out to study the influence of several injection control parameters on two-stage injection. The fuel in the first injection is used for forming homogeneous mixture. The fuel in the second injection keeps combustion, and it is the main source of smoke emissions. NO_x is formed in both combustion process caused by these two injections, and there is an optimum fuel allocation ration to produce minimum NO_x. The cylinder pressure decreases, and the combustion is depressed with the increasing of scavenging pressure. By optimizing the injection control parameters of two-stage injection, NO_x and smoke can be reduced beyond 30% simultaneously.

Improving Designs of CA6DF2 Series Diesel Combustion System

The technical improvements are made based on the former CA6110 diesel engine to meet the requirements of Euro Ⅱ emission standards. The performance and emission for CA6DF1 and CA6DF2 are all met the demand of design by improving the fuel, combustion and supercharging systems. The injection system adopts high-pressure pump-pipe-injector injection system. To enhance the injection pressure, the methods of augmenting plunger diameter, decreasing the nozzle hole diameter and reducing the inner diameter of the high-pressure fuel pipe are adopted. The design of combustion chamber and the match of inner fuel distributions with air motion are based on a great deal of experimental database and some simple computer-aided methods, which ensure the optimization of performance and provide the guide for experimental development.

Complete Modeling for Systems of a Marine Diesel Engine

This paper presents a simulator model of a marine diesel engine based on physical, semi-physical, mathematical and thermodynamic equations, which allows fast predictive simulations The whole engine system is divided into several functional blocks： cooling, lubrication, air, injection, combustion and emissions. The sub-models and dynamic characteristics of individual blocks are established according to engine working principles equations and experimental data collected from a marine diesel engine test bench for SIMB Company under the reference 6M26SRP1. The overall engine system dynamics is expressed as a set of simultaneous algebraic and differential equations using sub-blocks and S-Functions of Matlab/Simulink. The simulation of this model, implemented on Matlab/Simulink has been validated and can be used to obtain engine performance, pressure, temperature, efficiency, heat release, crank angle, fuel rate, emissions at different sub-blocks. The simulator will be used, in future work, to study the engine performance in faulty conditions, and can be used to assist marine engineers in fault diagnosis and estimation （FDI） as well as designers to predict the behavior of the cooling system, lubrication system, injection system, combustion, emissions, in order to optimize the dimensions of different components. This program is a platform for fault simulator, to investigate the impact on sub-blocks engine＇s output of changing values for faults parameters such as： faulty fuel injector, leaky cylinder, worn fuel pump, broken piston rings, a dirty turbocharger, dirty air filter, dirty air cooler, air leakage, water leakage, oil leakage and contamination, fouling of heat exchanger, pumps wear, failure of injectors （and many others）.

大缸径柴油机燃烧系统优化模拟

为提高某缸径200 mm船用发电柴油机的燃油经济性,本文设计了活塞燃烧室和燃油喷射系统的升级方案并进行了模拟优化。升级方案提高了压缩比和燃油喷射压力,采用大径深比浅ω燃烧室配合158°喷油夹角喷油嘴。对不同方案下发动机的缸内工作过程进行了计算流体力学模拟,计算了高压指示功和放热率相位,分析了缸内温度、反应过量空气系数和速度分布及演化。模拟结果表明:升级方案能够提高发动机热效率。增加喷孔数并减小孔径,可以在保持NOx排放基本不变的条件下提高高压指示功4.5%,降低碳烟排放约60%。采用“平顶”浅ω燃烧室与158°喷油夹角喷雾配合,油气混合气快速进入余隙并形成逆时针的漩涡流动,能够加速油气混合和燃烧过程,提高热效率。

柴油机唇口射流燃烧室对燃烧及排放特性的影响

为改善高压共轨直喷柴油机燃烧室内的油、气混合质量,提出了一种唇口射流结构燃烧室.通过计算流体动力学(CFD)仿真,探究了其油、气混合特性,分析了燃烧室结构和喷油参数对柴油机燃烧与排放的影响.结果表明:利用唇口射流原理可实现对燃烧室内部分燃油在射流唇口、射流唇背区域内分布的有效引导,形成燃烧室中心-射流唇口回流区-射流唇背回流区的内、中、外3层油、气混合,改善油、气混合质量;在转速为2000r/min、全负荷工况下,喷油夹角为80°时,凹曲面结构的回流区底面有利于喷雾扩散,在喷孔直径为0.12 mm的条件下,锥面结构的回流区底面能在回流区形成顺时针涡旋,有利于油束卷吸空气;与ω型燃烧室相比,在喷油夹角为80°、喷孔直径为0.12 mm时,采用圆柱状射流唇背和凹曲面状回流区底面结构的唇口射流燃烧室,可实现更均匀的油、气混合和更充分的燃烧,使NO_(x)与碳烟排放分别降低11.0%与32.4%.

多点分布式导向台燃烧室结构优化模拟研究

为了改善柴油机燃烧室内燃油喷雾撞壁和混合气形成情况,提出一种直喷式柴油机多点分布式导向台燃烧室。将这种新燃烧室结构参数化,对7个设计变量进行多参数协同优化。以一台230 mm缸径的中速船用柴油机为基础模拟缸内工作过程,采用拉丁超立方取样的方法从设计空间得到600个样本点,根据模拟结果分析各设计参数对发动机性能的影响,根据不同的优化目标得到3种新燃烧室结构。仿真结果表明:在75%负荷工况下与原机ω型燃烧室相比,Ⅰ型燃烧室的指示油耗率(indicated specific fuel consumption,ISFC)降低1.83%,烟粒(soot)排放量降低86.83%;Ⅱ型燃烧室的ISFC降低0.97%,NO_(x)排放量降低7.44%,soot排放量降低68.26%;Ⅲ型燃烧室的INO_(x)和soot排放量分别降低10.52%和58.08%,ISFC基本不变。

改变喷油压力对柴油机掺烧水/生物柴油性能的影响

基于某常规增压柴油机,研究了掺烧代用燃料生物柴油对柴油机性能的影响。但是,相比柴油,生物柴油黏性较大,含氧量高,对柴油机影响较大。因此对掺烧水/生物柴油做进一步研究,通过提高喷油压力进行优化。在柴油机75%中高负荷下,选择以下工况进行研究:生物柴油掺混比为40%,掺水率为2%~8%,喷油压力为31 MPa~61 MPa。结果表明:随着掺水率增加,缸内爆压下降幅度较小,NO排放降幅较大,能有效缓解生物柴油富氧性带来的NO废气增加问题;随着喷油压力升高,燃油雾化效果变好,最高爆发压力也有所提高,CO与碳烟排放得到优化,这改善了掺烧生物柴油带来的燃油雾化效果变差的不利影响。最终选择生物柴油掺混比为40%,掺水率为8%,组合喷油压力为41 MPa为最佳组合,该组合下的NO排放及缸内爆压与原机相当,CO和碳烟的排放优于原机。仿真结果可为生物柴油的实际应用提供解决措施。

柴油机燃烧室部件声发射诊断方法研究

本文基于声发射信号和迁移学习,提出一种新的柴油机燃烧室故障诊断方法。研究在TBD234V6型柴油机上模拟了喷油器堵塞、启阀压力减小和排气阀漏气故障等,用CompactRIO硬件进行信号采集,并针对燃烧室部件故障后声发射信号的特征进行分析。研究表明,以特征参数提取和迁移学习为基础的故障诊断方法能更准确地识别不同故障类型,相对于传统机器学习算法,其准确度更高,泛化能力也更强,对于数据样本较少和不同数据分布的情况下也有较好适应性。此研究对于保证柴油机燃烧室部件的健康状况、确保船舶安全航行具有重要意义。

直喷式柴油机燃烧室几何形状对排放影响的多维数值模拟研究

在保证压缩比相同的情况下,设计了3种不同形状的燃烧室。运用AVL公司开发的FIRE软件,对3种不同形状燃烧室进行了三维数值模拟,分析了上止点附近气缸内的气体流动情况,并对3种燃烧室内的排放情况及影响排放的主要因素进行了比较分析,得出:径深比过小,即燃烧室过深,不利于空气与油气的良好混合,易造成局部油气过浓,从而局部缺氧,产生较多碳烟;径深比过大时,油气雾化好、燃烧早、温度上升快,NOx生成量增加。最后,通过模拟计算与试验研究相结合,验证了模型并选取了最优形状的燃烧室。

EGR率对柴油机排放特性影响的试验

研究了增压直喷柴油机在不同工况下不同EGR率对性能和排放的影响规律,确定了各个工况下EGR率的优化原则,并获取了柴油机最佳EGR率的M AP图,设计出一套EGR电子控制系统,可以对EGR系统中的进气节流阀和EGR阀进行控制,确保不同工况的最佳EGR率。发动机台架试验证实,设计的EGR电控系统按所获取的最佳EGR率运行,可以使NOx排放量降低19.9%,CO和HC排放量略有增加,动力性和经济性与原机相当,对EGR回路冷却可以抑制柴油机因使用EGR技术而导致的PM排放的增加。

燃烧室形状对增压中冷柴油机燃烧和排放影响的数值模拟

在保持压缩比不变的条件下,基于原机燃烧室,新设计了5种不同形状的燃烧室,应用CFD数值模拟软件STAR-CD模拟研究了6种不同形状的燃烧室对柴油机燃烧过程的影响.结果表明,喷雾和深坑缩口型燃烧室壁面碰撞后能产生较强的湍流运动,提高混合气的形成速率.当燃烧室喉口直径相同时,增加燃烧室凹坑深度有利于实现快速燃烧.随着燃烧室凹坑加深,最高爆发压力升高,燃烧持续期缩短;深坑缩口型燃烧室燃烧速度快,Soot排放低,但NOx排放高,而浅盘缩口型燃烧室则相反.

车用柴油机缩口型燃烧系统参数优化试验研究

在小型增压直喷式柴油机上采用缩口排放型燃烧室 ,对其喷射系统参数进行匹配试验研究。试验结果表明 ,在不影响柴油机性能的前提下 ,通过喷射系统参数的优化匹配 。

喷油定时和燃烧室形状对柴油机燃烧及排放的影响

在保持压缩比不变的条件下,设计了3种不同径深比的燃烧室,并采用CFD数值模拟方法研究了喷油定时和燃烧室形状对柴油机燃烧过程、碳烟和NOx排放的影响.结果表明,随着喷油的推迟,各燃烧室NOx排放均呈下降趋势,碳烟排放则有所增加,尤其是缩口较小的燃烧室,其碳烟生成较多而氧化速率却很低,因此碳烟排放较高.此外,缸内温度为1 500～2 400 K的区域是碳烟生成的主要区域,温度过低不利于碳烟的生成,而较高的温度会促进已生成碳烟的氧化.

低排放的直喷式柴油机燃烧室形状的研究

针对６１１０直喷式柴油机进气系统和喷油系统的特点，设计了几种缩口燃烧室，研究了燃烧室形状对高压喷射直喷式柴油机性能和排放的影响规律。试验结果表明：缩口燃烧室有利于实现柴油机的动力性、经济性和排放指标的折衷，特别是创造了氮氧化物排放和微粒排放同时降低的条件；大的底台体积和较长唇部的缩口燃烧室有利于延迟喷油，可以更加有利于氮氧化物和微粒排放的降低；喷油提前角和喷雾锥角决定着燃油在燃烧室内的落点高度，决定着柴油机各项性能指标的好坏，它们需与燃烧室形状优化匹配。

柴油-丙烷发动机不同喷油提前角时的燃烧和排放特性

在一台单缸直喷式柴油机上开展了不同喷油提前角下燃用柴油和柴油-丙烷混合燃料时的燃烧和排放特性研究.研究结果表明:柴油-丙烷混合燃料的燃烧与排放参数随喷油提前角的变化趋势与燃用纯柴油时基本相同;对于给定的平均有效压力,柴油-丙烷混合燃料的放热率峰值和NOx排放随喷油提前角的推迟而减小,而总燃烧持续期、CO、HC和碳烟排放随喷油提前角的推迟而增加;对于给定的平均有效压力和喷油提前角,放热率峰值和NOx排放随混合燃料中丙烷含量的增加而增大,而总燃烧持续期、CO、HC和碳烟排放随丙烷含量的增加而减小.

利用燃烧模拟对柴油机燃烧室的优化设计

利用CFD模拟软件FIRE及发动机热力循环模拟软件BOOST对六缸柴油机的工作循环过程及缸内的喷雾与燃烧过程进行了模拟分析,在原型机的仿真计算结果与实验值符合较好的前提下,通过对缸内燃油分布的分析,提出了综合考虑燃烧室形状、涡流比及喷孔配置等多因素的最优配置方法.结果表明,将热力循环模拟和三维燃烧模拟结合起来,既有利于实验验证,又便于对柴油机的缸内工作过程进行深入的分析.

喷射参数对柴油机燃烧与排放特性的影响

在一台共轨柴油机上进行了喷射压力、喷射定时、后喷量及后/主间隔角等喷射参数影响作用的试验研究,利用FIRE软件数值模拟获取微观场变化信息,综合分析了喷射参数对缸内燃烧与有害排放物生成的影响机理及规律.结果表明,提高喷射压力和提前喷射定时有利于改善燃油经济性及碳烟排放,但在喷射压力较高(120～130,MPa),喷射定时提前到上止点前2°CA时,再提前喷射定时对碳烟的影响不大,而NOx的生成量显著增加,同时会引起燃烧粗暴.当后/主间隔角一定(15°CA),后喷量为1.5～2.0,mg时,烟度值达到最低,降幅为28%左右;后喷量为1.5,mg时,后/主间隔角在25,oCA附近,烟度达到最低,降幅达到20%.因此,引入后喷时需要选取适当的后/主间隔角和后喷油量,既要增强后喷燃油对缸内流场的扰动效果,使得更多的氧气进入主喷的燃烧产物区,加速碳烟的氧化又要避免进入高温缺氧区域内的后喷燃油量过多以及燃烧过于拖后等负面影响.