磷酸钙骨水泥/聚乳酸羟基乙酸降解产物促进小鼠单核细胞破骨向分化

背景:前期研究发现磷酸钙骨水泥/聚乳酸羟基乙酸复合材料可加速骨改建过程,其降解产物对单核细胞破骨向分化的影响有待进一步研究。目的:观察磷酸钙骨水泥/聚乳酸羟基乙酸降解产物对小鼠RAW264.7单核细胞破骨向分化的影响。方法:实验分为空白对照组、羟基乙酸组、磷酸钙骨水泥/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组,按照实验分组,将配制好的溶液和50μg/L核因子κB受体活化因子配体添加到完全培养基中制备成不同条件的培养基,培养小鼠RAW264.7细胞5 d,诱导其分化。应用CCK-8法分析各组培养液对细胞增殖作用的影响;RT-PCR和Western blot检测小鼠RAW264.7细胞破骨向分化相关因子活化T细胞核因子c1、基质金属蛋白酶9、核因子κB受体活化因子、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶基因和蛋白表达水平的变化;使用抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色法鉴定破骨样细胞。结果与结论:①CCK-8结果显示,细胞在前72 h处于快速生长期,96 h后开始下降;②RT-PCR、Western blot结果显示磷酸钙骨水泥/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组的活化T细胞核因子c1、核因子κB受体活化因子、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶mRNA的表达水平及活化T细胞核因子c1、核因子κB受体活化因子的蛋白表达水平显著高于羟基乙酸组、对照组(P<0.05);③羟基乙酸组和磷酸钙骨水泥/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组基质金属蛋白酶9mRNA和蛋白的表达水平差异无显著性意义,但高于对照组(P<0.01);④抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶染色可见磷酸钙骨水泥/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组破骨样细胞数高于对照组和羟基乙酸组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);⑤结果表明磷酸钙骨水泥/聚乳酸羟基乙酸组降解产物形成的微环境可促进小鼠RAW264.7细胞破骨向分化。

Recursive constructions for t-covering arrays

A t-covering array of size N, degree k, order v and strength t is an N x k array with entries from a set of v symbols such that any N x t subarray contains a t-tuple of v symbols at least once as a row. This paper presents a new algebraic recursive method for constructing covering arrays based on difference matrices. The method can extend parameter factors on the existing covering arrays and cover all the combinations of any t parameter factors （t≥2）. The method, which recursively generates high strength covering arrays, is practical. Meanwhile, the theoretical derivation and realization of the proposed algebraic recursive algorithm are given.

Constructing Pandiagonal Snowflake Magic Squares of Odd Order

The constructional methods of pandiagonal snowflake magic squares of orders 4m are established in paper [3]. In this paper, the constructional methods of pandiagonal snowflake magic squares of odd orders n are established with n = 6m+l, 6m+5 and 6m+3, m is an odd positive integer and m is an even positive integer 9|6m + 3. It is seen that the number sets for constructing pandiagonal snowflake magic squares can be extended to the matrices with symmetric partial difference in each direction for orders 6m + 1 , 6m + 5; to the trisection matrices with symmetric partial difference in each direction for order 6m + 3.

A New Quality Improving Scheme for VQ Decompressed Images Based on DWT

The better compression rate can be achieved by the traditional vector quantization （VQ） method, and the quality of the recovered image can also be accepted. But the decompressed image quality can not be promoted efficiently, so how to balance the image compression rate and image recovering quality is an important issue, in this paper, an image is transformed by discrete wavelet transform （DWT） to generate its DWT transformed image which can be compressed by the VQ method further. Besides, we compute the values between the DWT transformed image and decompressed DWT transformed image as the difference matrix which is the adjustable basis of the decompressed image quality. By controlling the deviation of the difference matrix, there can be nearly Iossless compression for the VQ method. Experimental results show that when the number of compressed bits by our method is equal to the number of those bits compressed by the VQ method, the quality of our recovered image is better. Moreover, the proposed method has more compression capability comparing with the VQ scheme.

Research and Design of Coordinated Control Strategy for Smart Electromechanical Actuator System

In order to improve the frequency response and anti-interference characteristics of the smart electromechanical actuator(EMA)system,and aiming at the force fighting problem when multiple actuators work synchronously,a multi input multi output(MIMO)position difference cross coupling control coordinated strategy based on double‑closed-loop load feedforward control is proposed and designed.In this strategy,the singular value method of return difference matrix is used to design the parameter range that meets the requirements of system stability margin,and the sensitivity function and the H_(∞)norm theory are used to design and determine the optimal solution in the obtained parameter stability region,so that the multi actuator system has excellent synchronization,stability and anti-interference.At the same time,the mathematical model of the integrated smart EMA system is established.According to the requirements of point-to-point control,the controller of double-loop control and load feedforward compensation is determined and designed to improve the frequency response and anti-interference ability of single actuator.Finally,the 270 V high-voltage smart EMA system experimental platform is built,and the frequency response,load feedforward compensation and coordinated control experiments are carried out to verify the correctness of the position difference cross coupling control strategy and the rationality of the parameter design,so that the system can reach the servo control indexes of bandwidth 6 Hz,the maximum output force 20000 N and the synchronization error≤0.1 mm,which effectively solves the problem of force fighting.

A Test of U-type for Goodness-of-fit in Regression Models Through Martingale Difference Divergence

Based on the martingale difference divergence,a recently proposed metric for quantifying conditional mean dependence,we introduce a consistent test of U-type for the goodness-of-fit of linear models under conditional mean restriction.Methodologically,our test allows heteroscedastic regression models without imposing any condition on the distribution of the error,utilizes effectively important information contained in the distance of the vector of covariates,has a simple form,is easy to implement,and is free of the subjective choice of parameters.Theoretically,our mathematical analysis is of own interest since it does not take advantage of the empirical process theory and provides some insights on the asymptotic behavior of U-statistic in the framework of model diagnostics.The asymptotic null distribution of the proposed test statistic is derived and its asymptotic power behavior against fixed alternatives and local alternatives converging to the null at the parametric rate is also presented.In particular,we show that its asymptotic null distribution is very different from that obtained for the true error and their differences are interestingly related to the form expression for the estimated parameter vector embodied in regression function and a martingale difference divergence matrix.Since the asymptotic null distribution of the test statistic depends on data generating process,we propose a wild bootstrap scheme to approximate its null distribution.The consistency of the bootstrap scheme is justified.Numerical studies are undertaken to show the good performance of the new test.

Research on Artificial Lateral Line Perception of Flow Field based on Pressure Difference Matrix

In nature,with the help of lateral lines,fish is capable of sensing the state of the flow field and recognizing the surrounding near-fleld hydrodynamic environment in the condition of weak light or even complete darkness.In order to study the application of lateral lines,an improved pressure distribution model was proposed in this paper,and the pressure distributions of the lateral line carrier under different working conditions were obtained using hydrodynamic simulations.Subsequently,a visualized pressure difference matrix was constructed to identify the flow fields under different working conditions.The role of the lateral lines was investigated from a visual image perspective.Instinct features of different flow velocities,flow angles and obstacle offset distances were mapped into the pressure difference matrix.Lastly,a four-layer Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)model was built as a recognition tool to evaluate the effectiveness of the pressure difference matrix method.The recognition results demonstrate that the CNN can identify the flow field state with 2 s earlier than the current time.Hence,the proposed method provides a new way to identify flow field information in engineering applications.

Generalized Latin Matrix and Construction of Orthogonal Arrays

In this paper, generalized Latin matrix and orthogonal generalized Latin matrices are proposed. By using the property of orthogonal array, some methods for checking orthogonal generalized Latin matrices are presented. We study the relation between orthogonal array and orthogonal generalized Latin matrices and obtain some useful theorems for their construction. An example is given to illustrate applications of main theorems and a new class of mixed orthogonal arrays are obtained.

ON MATRIX AND DETERMINANT IDENTITIES FOR COMPOSITE FUNCTIONS

We present some matrix and determinant identities for the divided differences of the composite functions, which generalize the divided difference form of Faa di Bruno＇s formula. Some recent published identities can be regarded as special cases of our results.

A Numerical Error Modeling Method for Parallel Kinematic Machines and Its Applications

Error model is the basis for accuracy-related computations and analyses for parallel kinematic machines（PKMs）.Traditional error modeling methods are usually based on differentiation of kinematic solutions,but the solving process is often complex and has limitations for certain specialized PKMs.A concise numerical error modeling method with the inverse kinematic solution as its only requirement is presented in this paper.To avoid complex Jacobian matrix computations,the difference matrix that can be quickly calculated by kinematic solutions was used to replace the differential matrix.The quasi-Newton method,which has high speed and high precision,was introduced to solve the numerical forward kinematic problem.To verify the efficiency of this numerical error modeling method,three applications in error transformation matrix（ETM） modeling,error analysis,and kinematic calibration were simulated on a 4RRR PKM.A comparison with the results obtained by the traditional method shows that the numerical method is accurate,convenient,and has lower requirements and wider applicability,especially for certain specialized and manufactured PKMs.

CONSTRUCTION OF A NEW CLASS OF ORTHOGONAL ARRAYS

By using the generalized Hadamard product, difference matrix and projection matrices, we present a class of orthogonal projection matrices and related orthogonal arrays of strength two. A new class of orthogonal arrays are constructed.

Construction of Orthogonal Arrays without Interaction Columns

In this paper a new class of orthogonal arrays(OAs),i.e.,OAs without interaction columns,are proposed which are applicable in factor screening,interaction detection and other cases.With the tools of difference matrices,we present some general recursive methods for constructing OAs of such type.Several families of OAs with high percent saturation are constructed.In particular,for any integerλ≥3,such a two-level OA of run 4λcan always be obtained if the corresponding Hadamard matrix exists.

The Spectrum of (gv, g, 3, λ)-dDF in Z_(gv)

In this paper, several recursive constructions for directed difference family and perfect directed difference family are presented by means of difference matrix and incomplete difference matrix. Finally the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a （gv, g, 3, λ）-directed difference family in Zgv are established. As a consequence, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of a cyclic directed group divisible design with block size three and type gv are obtained.