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An Empirical Study of Asian Crude Oil Premiums
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作者 Li Chun Wang Zhen Zhang Zheng 《Petroleum Science》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2006年第4期36-42,共7页
The price of Middle East crude oil exported to Asian countries has been higher than that to Europe and America for a long period, and this price differential made Asian countries pay more than European and American co... The price of Middle East crude oil exported to Asian countries has been higher than that to Europe and America for a long period, and this price differential made Asian countries pay more than European and American countries. Prior investigations found that "Asian Crude Oil Premium" did exist at a relatively low oil price level. However, world oil price soared after 2003, making the price of Middle East crude oil exported to European countries or America rise quickly, sometimes even higher than that to Asia. Under this situation, this paper uses the price of Middle East crude oil sold to Europe or America or Asia to test if the premium exists at a high oil price level and concludes that the crude oil price premium of Asia against America does not exist, but the premium of Asia against Europe still exists. 展开更多
关键词 Price differential price mechanism Asian crude oil premium
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OPTIMAL AND INCENTIVE COMPATIBLE PRICING FOR HETEROGENEOUS PERIODS
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作者 Jian CHEN Nan ZHANG Shuo HUANG 《Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2008年第1期50-65,共16页
This paper studies a service firm whose business time can be divided into several periods, each providing different value to customers. Heterogeneous service is a major reason resulting in imbalances between supply an... This paper studies a service firm whose business time can be divided into several periods, each providing different value to customers. Heterogeneous service is a major reason resulting in imbalances between supply and demand. Since customers differ in their degree of impatience, firrns can use differential pricing mechanisms to optimize their objectives and match supply with demand in each period, by inducing customers to choose different periods. We study two types of firrns, an internal firm, the objective of which is to maximize the system's (including the f'nan and all the customers) total net value, and a commercial firm, which aims to optimize its own profit. Though impatience factors are customers' private information, for each type of firm, we derive the optimal incentive compatible pricing policy, under which all the coming customers will follow the firm's assignment, that is, patient customers will buy the service in high-value periods, but their waiting time will be longer, while impatient customers will enter into the low-value periods, but they will be compensated by shorter waiting times. Furthermore, in the internal firm, we also prove that this mechanism enables the decentralization of decisions, while maintaining centralized system-wide optimality. Numerical analysis shows that when there is sufficient capacity, the internal firm does not always need to set lower prices than the commercial firm in every period. 展开更多
关键词 Delay cost QUEUING differential pricing information asymmetry incentive compatibility
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An Empirical Research on Metropolitanization and Housing Price Differentiation Based on the Data of 31 Provincial Capitals and Municipalities with Independent Planning Status in China
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作者 Shengguo LI Xiaodong DING +2 位作者 Shijie XU Jichang DONG Zhi DONG 《Journal of Systems Science and Information》 CSCD 2022年第5期445-465,共21页
Under the background of population aggregation in megacities,some adjustments are made to the urbanization strategy,whose focus is shifted to the development of megacities and megacity clusters.Meanwhile,the housing p... Under the background of population aggregation in megacities,some adjustments are made to the urbanization strategy,whose focus is shifted to the development of megacities and megacity clusters.Meanwhile,the housing price differentiation among cities tends to become increasingly serious.This paper,from the perspective of population mobility,takes provincial capitals and municipalities with independent planning status(PCs&MIPSs)as research samples to evaluate the level of housing price differentiation within provincial-level administrative divisions of China,and analyze from the perspective of demand side how the metropolitanization effects regarding the population formed due to population aggregation in megacities affect the housing prices of megacities and the housing price difference between megacities and other cities.The research found that:1)The increasing net inflow of population boosts the housing prices and accelerate the housing price differentiation;2)The impact of the increasing net inflow of population on housing price increases and housing price differentiation has regional heterogeneity and city size heterogeneity;3)The income gap strengthens the effect of population inflow upon the housing price differentiation. 展开更多
关键词 METROPOLITANIZATION population aggregation housing price differentiation
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