Effects of TCM Nursing Based on Syndrome Differentiation on Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of COPD

[Objectives] To investigate the effects of TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation on pulmonary function and quality of life in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). [Methods] A total of 92 patients with AECOPD who came to Nanchong Chinese Medicine Hospital from March 2022 to February 2023 were selected for the study, and the intervention group (TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation, 46 cases) and the conventional group (basic nursing, 46 cases) were selected for the study, and the pulmonary function and quality of life of the two groups were compared. [Results] Before nursing, there was no significant difference in levels of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) between the intervention group and conventional group ( P >0.05). After 3 months of nursing, the levels of FVC, FEV1 and FEV1/FVC in the intervention group were higher than those in the conventional group ( P <0.05). Before nursing, there was no significant difference in the scores of health, emotion and social functions between the two groups ( P >0.05). At three months of nursing, the scores of health, emotion, and social functions in the intervention group were higher than those in the conventional group ( P <0.05). [Conclusions] The implementation of TCM nursing based on syndrome differentiation in patients with AECOPD can effectively improve the pulmonary function and quality of life of patients, and has significant clinical implementation value.

HOW TO MASTER THE DIFFERENTIATION OF SYNDROMES AND THE SELECTION OF ACUPOINTS QUICKLY

Differentiation of syndromes can be done by three steps:First to differentiate thenature of disease,second to differentiate the location of disease,third to analyse comprehensively thenature and location of disease.Depend on complete differentiation of syndromes,the acupoints are selected.Three cases are analysed to explain how to dominate preceding contents.

Can TCM Treatment be Performed on the Basis of Differential Diagnosis of the Diseases Instead of the Syndromes?

Great advances have been achieved in the integration of western and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).More and more TCM physicians in their practice accept the term 'differential diagnosis of the diseases' instead of the syndromes since western medicine has been introduced into the TCM circle.

A Validated Model for the Imaging Diagnosis of Cystic Lung Disease

Rationale and Objectives: Cystic lung disease may be accurately diagnosed by imaging interpretation of specialist radiologists, without other information. We hypothesized that with minimal training non-specialists could perform similarly to specialist physicians in the diagnosis of cystic lung disease. Methods: 72 cystic lung disease cases and 25 cystic lung disease mimics were obtained from three sources: 1) a prospective acquired diffuse lung disease registry, 2) a retrospective search of medical records and 3) teaching files. Cases were anonymized, randomized and interpreted by 7 diffuse lung disease specialists and 15 non-specialist radiologists and pulmonologists. Clinical information other than age and sex was not provided. Prior to interpretation, non-specialists viewed a short PDF training document explaining cystic lung disease interpretation. Results: Correct first choice diagnosis of 85%-88% may be achieved by high-performing specialist readers and 71%-80% by non-specialists and lower-performing specialists, with mean accuracies in the diagnosis of LAM (91%, p Conclusion: With specific but limited training, non-specialist physicians can diagnose cystic lung diseases from CT appearance alone with similar accuracy to specialists, correctly identifying approximately 75% of cases.

The Comparative Study on Two Models of Syndrome Differentiation of the Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease: An Investigation Analysis of the Signs and Symptoms on 2325 Cases

Objective To realize the characteristics of "zheng" differentiation-treatment for hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD), a new methodology of syndrome differentiation for different stages of HFMD has been explored. Methods Total of 2 325 cases with HFMD were recorded by distributing them into exterior syndrome stage, interior syndrome stage, severe syndrome stage and recovered syndrome stage, respectively, and the main symptoms and subsidiary symptoms of different stages of HFMD have been observed. The major and minor pathogenesis of HFMD in different stages were obtained, and compared with the "2010 Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of HFMD". Results It was found that the major pathogenesis of exterior stage was defined as "the invation of the wenevil to the defender of the body with the collaterals got involved ", and the minor as "qi deficiency"; in interior stage, "the fury of Gan-Yang" was the main pathogenesis, and "qi in chaos and qi deficiency" was the minor; in severe syndrome stage, "the damage of heart, liver and lung" was the main pathogenesis, and "qi in chaos" was the minor; and the pathogenesis of recovered stage was "qi-yin deficiency". Compared with the "2010 Guideline for the Diagnosis and Treatment of HFMD", it showed that "the obstruction of the fei-pi qi by the mixture of shi-re evil" and "the mixture of shi-re" in vivo was quite difficult to be explained in completely different context in the general situation; in the severe stage, the TCM clinical characteristics of syndrome differentiation might lose; in the early acute severe cases, the phenomenon that xin-yang and fei-qi almost ran out was difficult to be observed, then, the line between the severe and the acute severe became vague.Conclusions The theory of syndrome differentiation by stages of HFMD was reasonable in the actual situation of clinical description on HFMD which was expected to be further tested and widely applied in the "zheng" differentiation-treatment of HFMD in the future.

ACUPUNCTURE TREATMENT ON 40 CASES OF IRRITABLE COLON SYNDROME ACCORDING TO DIFFERENTIATION OF SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

Irritable intestinal tract syndrome was classified and treated with acupuncture according to differentiation of symptoms and signs.Of the 40 cases treated,28 were cured,11 improved,and 6 ineffective.The total effective rate was 85％.The syndrome was classified into fourtypes:weakness of the spleen and stomach,disharmony of the liver spleen,Yang deficiency ofthe spleen and kidney,and retention of dampness and heat.There was no statistically significant difference in therapeutic effects among the four types of syndromes.However,the curative effect in theacupuncture group was better than that in the medication group,and the difference was of statisticalsignificance.

Professor Chen Xianhai's experience of herb pairs in the treatment of pulmonary diseases

According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,based on the four properties and five flavors of traditional Chinese medicines,the lifting and lowering theory and channel tropism,Professor Chen combined with the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and constitution identification to prescribe for patients and used herb pairs to treat many kinds of pulmonary diseases.And he has achieved good clinical effect by"treatment methods selection according to syndromes".His experience in medication and compatibility mechanism are worthy of further exploration and promotion by scholars.

Implementation status quo of traditional Chinese medicine nursing program for advantaged diseases

With the promulgation of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)nursing program for advantaged diseases,its application in the clinic has drawn wide attention.TCM nursing program can actively promote the clinical development of TCM syndrome differentiation and nursing.This article introduces the implementation status quo of the TCM nursing program for advantaged diseases in clinical practice,summarize the existing problems in the implementation and put forward measures to promote its perfection.Finally,the article discusses and looks forward to the TCM nursing program for advantaged diseases.Provide theoretical basis and reference for medical workers to effectively promote the application and implementation of TCM nursing programs for advantaged disease.

Differentiating and Treating Gynecological Diseases based on the Theory of Collateral Diseases

The collateral disease theory is a unique component of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),which is currently applied to all kinds of diseases related to the collaterals.With the in-depth study of collaterals theory by many practitioners,its advantages in differentiating and treating gynecological diseases are gradually embodied.Based on the theory of collaterals disease,we discussed the pathogenesis,syndrome differentiation and treatment of gynecological diseases,concluded that the deficient collaterals under nourishment and the stagnant and blocked uterine collateral are the important pathogenesis of gynecological illness.Then we pointed out that invigorating the spleen and tonifying the kidney,and unblocking collateral and dissipating stasis are important treatment methods.We discussed the application of collateral disease theory in Tianjin HA's gynecology,and provided certain theoretical basis and clinical reference for the treatment of gynecologic diseases.

论基于“病、证、征结合”方剂的主治表述

目前对方剂主治的规范性研究较少,通过对方剂主治源流的梳理并分析《方剂学》教材中方剂主治描述中存在的问题,提出“病、证、征结合”3个层次的方剂主治描述规范,从而有利于临证依法用方、规范教材和规范方剂的科学研究。

基于数据挖掘方法探讨脾胃名家李德新教授临床诊疗虚劳疾病规律

目的基于数据挖掘技术探讨李德新教授治疗虚劳疾病的用药规律。方法收集、整理李德新教授临床诊疗虚劳疾病的病例,运用频数、频率、聚类分析、关联分析等方法对病例中的证型诊断和处方用药进行统计分析和数据挖掘,归纳整理后对医案数据进行科学计算。结果共纳入治疗标准医案虚劳741例,挖掘出与疾病相对应的高频症状、高频证型、高频中药,并对中药进行聚类分析得到有效配伍,同时进行症状、证型与相关中药的关联分析。结论利用数据挖掘技术,可初步揭示李德新教授临床诊疗虚劳疾病的规律,从虚劳论治,培补虚劳对于疾病的治疗具有重要意义,有助于更好地传承李德新教授的学术思想,具有较高的临床参考和学习价值。

孙桂芝病证结合辨证在肿瘤治疗中的应用

病证结合是孙桂芝教授治疗肿瘤病学术思想的重要组成部分,把辨证与辨病有机地结合起来,进行综合诊治,既照顾到整体,又注意到局部;辨证为先还是辨病为先在临床诊疗中要根据实际情况而定,二者互补。特别是现代科学技术的发展弥补了中医诊疗方面的不足,辨病治疗成为中医治疗学的重要部分。孙桂芝教授临证始终强调辨证与辨病紧密相连,中西手段并用,诊断疾病现代仪器和中医四诊联合,治疗上病证相参结合,攻补兼施,标本兼治,既要兼顾全局,也要重视细节。

外感热病共性病机及传变机制探讨

探讨外感热病共性病机及传变机制。指出外邪侵袭,导致卫气抗邪,正邪相争,阳气壅郁,从而表现出一系列的热病证候,病机特点为“郁-虚”。以“气血-体用”论概括热病证候传变规律,将热病病程概括为气、血两个阶段,其中气分阶段包括卫分等,以功能失调为主;血分统营分,以实质损害为主,兼有更加严重的功能失调。外感热病重症转化病机包括热盛动血、热闭心包、热盛动风、化源欲绝、少阴寒化及正气外脱等。

逍遥散联合水飞蓟素胶囊治疗肝郁脾虚证非酒精性脂肪性肝病临床研究

目的:逍遥散联合水飞蓟素胶囊治疗肝郁脾虚证非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的疗效。方法:选取90例肝郁脾虚证NAFLD患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组及治疗组各45例。2组行非药物措施,对照组予以水飞蓟素胶囊口服,治疗组在对照组基础上加逍遥散治疗。2组均连续治疗12周。比较2组临床疗效,比较2组治疗前后肝功能指标[谷草转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)]值、血脂指标[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]值、血清TLR4/NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白水平[血清TOLL样受体4(TLR4)、髓样分化因子88(MyD88)、核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)]、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的变化。结果:治疗12周后,治疗组临床疗效总有效率为91.11%,对照组为73.33%,2组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗12周后,2组AST、ALT、GGT指标值均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),治疗组上述3项指标值均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗12周后,2组TC、TG、LDL-C水平均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),HDL-C水平均较治疗前上升(P<0.05);治疗组TC、TG、LDL-C水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),HDL-C水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗12周后,2组血清TLR4、MyD88、NF-κB、IL-6、TNF-α水平均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),治疗组上述5项水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:逍遥散联合水飞蓟素胶囊对肝郁脾虚证NAFLD的疗效确切,可有效改善肝功能及血脂状况,调节血清TLR4-NF-κB信号通路,抑制炎症反应。

肝豆状核变性新型生物标志物相对可交换铜及认知功能与中医证型的相关性研究

目的探讨肝豆状核变性(Wilson’s disease,WD)患者不同中医分型与认知功能及新型血清生物学指标相对可交换铜(relative exchangeable copper,REC)的相关性。方法将57例WD患者辨证分型为湿热内蕴证、痰瘀互结证及肝肾阴虚证,行蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)及阿尔茨海默病评估量表认知量表(Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale,ADAS-cog)评价认知功能,火焰原子吸收光谱法检测计算血清REC水平,评估不同证型WD患者认知功能及REC水平,同时分析认知及REC与中医证型之间的相关性,及其预测中医证型的诊断能力。结果湿热内蕴证组REC及ADAS-cog评分显著高于痰瘀互结证和肝肾阴虚证(湿热内蕴证vs痰瘀互结证,REC:P=0.016,ADAS-cog:P=0.035;湿热内蕴证vs肝肾阴虚证,REC:P<0.001,ADAS-cog:P=0.001);湿热内蕴证组MoCA评分显著低于痰瘀互结证和肝肾阴虚证(湿热内蕴证vs痰瘀互结证,P=0.047;湿热内蕴证vs肝肾阴虚证,P=0.004);痰瘀互结证与肝肾阴虚证相比,REC、MoCA及ADAS-cog评分差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,3组患者REC与MoCA均呈负相关,与ADAS-cog均呈正相关;ROC曲线分析显示,REC在评估湿热内蕴证的诊断价值最高。结论REC除了在WD诊断中的实用性外,还可用于评估WD认知损害(严重程度),REC及认知功能评价在评估WD主要中医证型具有一定的诊断参考价值。

基于《伤寒论》的六经辨证体系中医辨证模型推荐处方与临床医生处方结果的Kappa一致性分析

目的分析基于《伤寒论》的六经辨证体系中医辨证模型推荐处方与临床医生处方结果的一致性。方法纳入门诊患者共747例,医生通过四诊的采集得出治疗处方,再以手机终端录入采集的相关症状、体征后得到系统推荐处方。利用Kappa一致性检验来评价基于《伤寒论》的六经辨证体系中医辨证模型推荐处方与临床医生处方结果的一致性。结果基于《伤寒论》的六经辨证体系中医辨证模型推荐处方与临床医生处方的结果具有高度一致性,差异具有统计学意义(Kappa=0.71,P<0.001)。结论基于《伤寒论》的六经辨证体系中医辨证模型推荐处方与临床医生处方结果具有一致性,可辅助临床医生处方。

基于六经方证探赜痛风的证治

痛风是因嘌呤代谢紊乱及尿酸排泄障碍而导致的异质性疾病,临床主要表现为手足关节的疼痛及痛风石的形成,现已日益成为威胁人类身体健康的常见代谢类疾病。《伤寒论》是我国医学史上影响力最广的医学著作之一,医圣张仲景以理、法、方、药为基础,开创了六经辨证体系的先河。文章执《伤寒论》六经辨证方法,结合痛风在太阳、阳明、少阳、太阴、少阴、厥阴六经中的不同临床特点,探赜痛风的六经传变规律,发掘治疗痛风的经典方剂,为临床指导痛风的辨证论治提供更广阔的思路。

2型糖尿病合并多代谢紊乱态靶综合治验1例——仝小林院士教学查房实录

以广安门医院内分泌科中2型糖尿病合并多代谢紊乱案患者为例,邀请仝小林院士进行教学查房,对早中期2型糖尿病合并多代谢紊乱的中医认识、疾病发展与转归、诊疗要点进行阐述。仝小林院士强调肥胖是脾瘅的基石、分类-分期-分证辨治糖尿病、糖肝共治2型糖尿病合并代谢相关脂肪性肝病;治疗上注重运用靶方靶药,关注有效剂量,预防果态,防治脉损,态靶辨治,提高临床疗效。

基于六经辨病浅析柴胡桂枝干姜汤证及验案举隅

“六经辨病”指的是一种中医临床诊疗思维。即先诊断疾病,分属六经病范畴,再辨别方证,寻找方证对应线索,一一对号入座,精准用药。柴胡桂枝干姜汤证属《伤寒论》六经病中少阳病范畴,临证首先把握少阳病特点,再结合其方证要点(往来寒热、胸胁苦满、心烦、但头汗出、周身无汗、口渴而不呕、小便不利、大便溏泄等),适证选方,则药随方出。如此,病证方药,环环相扣,病下是证,证下是方,药出方下,呈无缝对接,具有精准性及可重复性,更有助提高临证有效率。

吴鞠通温病思辨体系治疗慢性阻塞性肺病临证探赜

清代著名温病学家吴鞠通在《温病条辨》中所建立的三焦辨证思辨理论,对于治疗慢性阻塞性肺病具有重要的临证指导作用。其创立的宣白承气汤,肺肠合病,脏腑同治,为后世医者治疗肺系病证提供了理论渊薮。笔者基于其思辨理论和宣白承气汤,应用在慢性阻塞性肺病及肺系其他危急重症发作期的治疗中,临床每获显著疗效。