This review provides an overview of the current state of the art of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in in vivo investigations of diffuse liver disease. So far, MRS of the human liver in vivo has mainly been used...This review provides an overview of the current state of the art of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in in vivo investigations of diffuse liver disease. So far, MRS of the human liver in vivo has mainly been used as a research tool rather than a clinical tool. The liver is particularly suitable for static and dynamic metabolic studies due to its high metabolic activity. Furthermore, its relatively superfi cial position allows excellent MRS localization, while its large volume allows detection of signals with relatively low intensity. This review describes the application of MRS to study the metabolic consequences of different conditions including diffuse and chronic liver diseases, congenital diseases, diabetes, and the presence of a distant malignancy on hepatic metabolism. In addition, future prospects of MRS are discussed. It is anticipated that future technical developments such as clinical MRS magnets with higher fi eld strength (3 T) and improved delineation of multicomponent signals such as phosphomonoester and phosphodiester using proton decoupling, especially if combined with price reductions for stable isotope tracers, will lead to intensifi ed research into metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, hepato-biliary diseases, as well as non-metastatic liver metabolism in patients with a distant malignant tumor.展开更多
Diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI), a functional imaging technique exploiting the Brownian motion of water molecules, is increasingly shown to have value in various oncological and non-oncological applications. Factors s...Diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI), a functional imaging technique exploiting the Brownian motion of water molecules, is increasingly shown to have value in various oncological and non-oncological applications. Factors such as the ease of acquisition and ability to obtain functional information in the absence of intravenous contrast, especially in patients with abnormal renal function, have contributed to the growing interest in exploring clinical applications of DWI. In the liver, DWI demonstrates a gamut of clinical applications ranging from detecting focal liver lesions to monitoring response in patients undergoing serial follow-up after loco-regional and systemic therapies. DWI is also being applied in the evaluation of diffuse liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. In this review, we intend to review the basic principles, technique, current clinical applications and future trends of DW-MRI in the liver.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is playing an increasingly important role in medicine,especially in the field of medical imaging.It can be used to diagnose diseases and predict certain statuses and possible events that may...Artificial intelligence(AI)is playing an increasingly important role in medicine,especially in the field of medical imaging.It can be used to diagnose diseases and predict certain statuses and possible events that may happen.Recently,more and more studies have confirmed the value of AI based on ultrasound in the evaluation of diffuse liver diseases and focal liver lesions.It can assess the severity of liver fibrosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver,differentially diagnose benign and malignant liver lesions,distinguish primary from secondary liver cancers,predict the curative effect of liver cancer treatment and recurrence after treatment,and predict microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma.The findings from these studies have great clinical application potential in the near future.The purpose of this review is to comprehensively introduce the current status and future perspectives of AI in liver ultrasound.展开更多
文摘This review provides an overview of the current state of the art of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in in vivo investigations of diffuse liver disease. So far, MRS of the human liver in vivo has mainly been used as a research tool rather than a clinical tool. The liver is particularly suitable for static and dynamic metabolic studies due to its high metabolic activity. Furthermore, its relatively superfi cial position allows excellent MRS localization, while its large volume allows detection of signals with relatively low intensity. This review describes the application of MRS to study the metabolic consequences of different conditions including diffuse and chronic liver diseases, congenital diseases, diabetes, and the presence of a distant malignancy on hepatic metabolism. In addition, future prospects of MRS are discussed. It is anticipated that future technical developments such as clinical MRS magnets with higher fi eld strength (3 T) and improved delineation of multicomponent signals such as phosphomonoester and phosphodiester using proton decoupling, especially if combined with price reductions for stable isotope tracers, will lead to intensifi ed research into metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, hepato-biliary diseases, as well as non-metastatic liver metabolism in patients with a distant malignant tumor.
文摘Diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI), a functional imaging technique exploiting the Brownian motion of water molecules, is increasingly shown to have value in various oncological and non-oncological applications. Factors such as the ease of acquisition and ability to obtain functional information in the absence of intravenous contrast, especially in patients with abnormal renal function, have contributed to the growing interest in exploring clinical applications of DWI. In the liver, DWI demonstrates a gamut of clinical applications ranging from detecting focal liver lesions to monitoring response in patients undergoing serial follow-up after loco-regional and systemic therapies. DWI is also being applied in the evaluation of diffuse liver diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. In this review, we intend to review the basic principles, technique, current clinical applications and future trends of DW-MRI in the liver.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.820719532020 Hunan Province Clinical Medical Technology Innovation Guidance Project.
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is playing an increasingly important role in medicine,especially in the field of medical imaging.It can be used to diagnose diseases and predict certain statuses and possible events that may happen.Recently,more and more studies have confirmed the value of AI based on ultrasound in the evaluation of diffuse liver diseases and focal liver lesions.It can assess the severity of liver fibrosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver,differentially diagnose benign and malignant liver lesions,distinguish primary from secondary liver cancers,predict the curative effect of liver cancer treatment and recurrence after treatment,and predict microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma.The findings from these studies have great clinical application potential in the near future.The purpose of this review is to comprehensively introduce the current status and future perspectives of AI in liver ultrasound.
