Liu-Jun-Zi decoction alleviates chemotherapy-induced anorexia by regulating gut microbiota and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway

Background:Liu-Jun-Zi decoction(LJZD),a classical nourishing formula in China,has been proven to be effective in treating chemotherapy-induced anorexia.In this study,the mechanism of LJZD in alleviating chemotherapy-induced anorexia was discussed from the aspects of regulating gut microbiota,repairing intestinal barrier injury and inhibiting inflammatory pathways.Methods:A rat model of chemotherapy-induced anorexia was established using cisplatin.The study evaluated the therapeutic effects of LJZD by observing the weight,food intake,and intestinal pathology of rats.The impact of LJZD on gut microbiota and metabolites,specifically short-chain fatty acids,was investigated through gut microbiota analysis and targeted metabolomics.The anti-inflammatory and intestinal protective effects of LJZD were assessed by examining the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins associated with the inflammatory pathway.Results:LJZD alleviated cisplatin-induced inflammation and intestinal barrier disruption,as evidenced by upregulated expression of tight junction protein 1(TJ-1)and occludin,along with reduced serum levels of interleukin 6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and lipopolysaccharide.Additionally,LJZD alleviated microbiota imbalance and regulated the levels of short-chain fatty acids,especially increased the relative abundance of Coriobacteriales Incertae Sedis,Lactabacillus johnsonii F19785,Parasutterella,and reduced the Tyzzerella.In the hypothalamus,LJZD exerts suppressive effects on the toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)p65 signaling pathway,leading to a downregulation in the transcriptional activity of IL-6 and IL-1β,as well as Interleukin 6 receptors(IL-6R)and Interleukin-1βreceptors(IL-1R1)mRNA expression levels.Conclusion:In summary,LJZD alleviate chemotherapy-induced anorexia by modulating the gut microbiota,repairing the intestinal mechanical barriers,and suppressing the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway.

Jianpi Gushen Huayu decoction ameliorated diabetic nephropathy through modulating metabolites in kidney,and inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 and JNK/P38 pathways

BACKGROUND Jianpi Gushen Huayu Decoction(JPGS)has been used to clinically treat diabetic nephropathy(DN)for many years.However,the protective mechanism of JPGS in treating DN remains unclear.AIM To evaluate the therapeutic effects and the possible mechanism of JPGS on DN.METHODS We first evaluated the therapeutic potential of JPGS on a DN mouse model.We then investigated the effect of JPGS on the renal metabolite levels of DN mice using non-targeted metabolomics.Furthermore,we examined the effects of JPGS on c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)/P38-mediated apoptosis and the inflammatory responses mediated by toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3).RESULTS The ameliorative effects of JPGS on DN mice included the alleviation of renal injury and the control of inflammation and oxidative stress.Untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that JPGS altered the metabolites of the kidneys in DN mice.A total of 51 differential metabolites were screened.Pathway analysis results indicated that nine pathways significantly changed between the control and model groups,while six pathways significantly altered between the model and JPGS groups.Pathways related to cysteine and methionine metabolism;alanine,tryptophan metabolism;aspartate and glutamate metabolism;and riboflavin metabolism were identified as the key pathways through which JPGS affects DN.Further experimental validation showed that JPGS treatment reduced the expression of TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathways and JNK/P38 pathway-mediated apoptosis related factors.CONCLUSION JPGS could markedly treat mice with streptozotocin(STZ)-induced DN,which is possibly related to the regulation of several metabolic pathways found in kidneys.Furthermore,JPGS could improve kidney inflammatory responses and ameliorate kidney injuries in DN mice via the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and inhibit JNK/P38 pathwaymediated apoptosis in DN mice.

STUDY ON THE TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF COMPOUNDS AND METABOLITES OF THE MONGOLIAN MEDICINE DIGEDA-4 DECOCTION IN ACUTE LIVER INJURY INDUCED BY D-GaIN

The objective of this study was to study the distribution characteristics of Mongolian drug Digeda-4 decoction in rats with acute liver injury.The Mongolian drug Digeda-4decoction was administered intragastric in rats with acute liver injury induced by D-GalN.The removal of the Liver,spleen,lung,kidney and heart,10%tissue homogenate

Ercao Qinggan decoction regulates apoptosis of hepatocytes in mice with acute liver failure via the TLR4-mediated PI3K/Akt/GSK3βsignal pathway

Background:To clarify the inhibitory effect of Ercao Qinggan decoction(EQD)on acute liver failure(ALF)and its related mechanisms.Methods:HL-7702 hepatocytes were pretreated with TLR4 inhibitor CLI-095,glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β)inhibitor LiCl and different doses of EQD for 2 hours,and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)(10μg/mL)for 24 hours.Cell apoptosis,TNF-αand IL-6 and GSK3βwere detected by flow cytometry,immunofluorescence,quantitative polymerase chain reaction.After mice were gavaged with different concentrations of EQD for 12 days,ALF mouse models were established intraperitoneal injection of D-Gal/LPS.After 24 hours,the mice were euthanized and the liver tissue was stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Liver cell apoptosis,the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase,alanine aminotransferase,TNF-αand IL-βwere detected by terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling,enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,quantitative polymerase chain reaction,and Western blotting,respectively.These methods were also used to test the mRNA expression of Bax,Bcl-2 and the protein expression of GSK3β,p-Akt/Akt in livers.Results:CLI-095,LiCl,and EQD significantly inhibited apoptosis induced by LPS,the mRNA expression of IL-6,TNF-αand the nuclear translocation of GSK3βin HL-7702 hepatocytes.EQD dose-dependently inhibited hepatocyte apoptosis,the serum concentration of aspartate aminotransferase and ALT,the expression of TNF-αand IL-β,the ratio of p-GSK3β/GSK3β,p-Akt/Akt in alanine aminotransferase mice.Conclusion:EQD can inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis in ALF mice through regulating TLR4/PI3K/Akt/GSK3βsignaling pathway.

Mechanism of Sanshi decoction inhibits macrophage pyroptosis by inhibiting BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in the treatment of gouty arthritis

Objective:To observe the effect of Sanshi decoction on BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathwaymediated macrophage pyroptosis,so as to elucidate the molecular mechanism of Sanshi decoction in the treatment of gouty arthritis.Methods:THP-1 was induced into macrophages with foboside and the divided into the control group,model group,low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose group of Sanshi decoction,and BRD4 inhibitor group.Except for the control group,the remaining groups were induced with monosodium urate crystals to construct a gouty arthritis cell model.The activity of macrophages was detected by CCK8,the level of macrophage pyroptosis was detected by flow cytometry,the activity of LDH,the content of IL-1β and IL-18 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,and the expression of related proteins in the BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway was detected by Western blot.Results:Compared with the control group,macrophage activity was decreased in the model group,and the level of pyroptosis,LDH activity,contents of IL-1β and IL-18,expression levels of BRD4,p-NF-kB p65,NLRP3,Caspase-1 p20,and IL-1β protein were significantly up-regulated,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05 and P<0.01).Compared with the model group,macrophage activity was up-regulated in the Sanshi Decoction,and the level of pyroptosis,LDH activity,IL-1β and IL-18 contents,expression levels of BRD4,p-NF-kB p65,NLRP3,Caspase-1 p20,and IL-1β protein were significantly decreased with statistically significant differences(P<0.05 and P<0.01).Conclusion:Sanshi decoction inhibits macrophage pyroptosis by inhibiting BRD4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway activation,thus improving the inflammation level of gouty arthritis.

Mechanic study of Qushi Kaiyu decoction on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model rats based on the inhibition of TLR4/NF-ĸB pathway

Background:The objective of this research was to examine the impact of the Chinese herbal formula Qushi Kaiyu(QSKY)on rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)and its inhibitory effect on the TLR4/NF-ĸB pathway.Methods:NAFLD model rats was constructed through high-fat diet.Meanwhile,rats were treated with QSKY(6.4 g/kg)by gavage.The therapeutic effect of QSKY on NAFLD was assessed by testing body weight change,the liver index,lipid concentrations in blood,and antioxidant and inflammatory levels;assessing liver function;and performing pathological staining including hematoxylin-eosin and Oil Red O.The protein levels of key factors in the TLR4/NF-ĸB pathway(TLR4,MyD88,p65 and IKB)in rat liver tissue were determined using western blotting in order to explore the mechanism responsible for the therapeutic effects of QSKY in rats with NAFLD.Results:QSKY significantly reduced the liver index and body weight value;reduced triglyceride,cholesterol,alanine aminotransferase,and aspartate aminotransferase levels in NAFLD rats;improved the pathological changes,such as ballooning degeneration,fat accumulation,necrosis,and inflammation;elevated GSH-Px and superoxide dismutase activities and lowered malondialdehyde levels,indicating that QSKY enhanced the antioxidant capacity;and reduced inflammatory cytokine(IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-α)levels.Western blotting results showed that QSKY significantly reduced TLR4,MyD88,and decreased the phosphorylation of IKB and p65 protein levels in the livers of rats with NAFLD.Conclusions:QSKY showed therapeutic effects on NAFLD and can alleviate oxidative stress and inflammation.This mechanism may be related to an improvement in TLR4/NF-ĸB pathway.

加减参芪地黄汤治疗慢性肾脏病3-4期的临床研究

目的探讨加减参芪地黄汤在慢性肾病3-4期患者临床治疗中的作用。方法将2019年1月至2023年5月在苏州市中医医院住院及门诊治疗的慢性肾病3-4期患者60例,按随机数字表分组,各30例。对照组在常规治疗的基础上辅以肾衰宁片口服,治疗组在常规治疗的基础上给予加减参芪地黄汤中药治疗。检测两组患者肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸等指标,比较两组患者中医证候积分及临床疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为86.67%,显著高于对照组(77.33%)(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后血Scr、BUN、UA显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组倦怠乏力、食少纳呆、腰膝酸软、肢体困重等证候积分与对照组比较均有统计学差异(P<0.01或P<0.05)。结论加减参芪地黄汤对慢性肾病3-4期患者疗效良好,可降低血肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸,改善临床症状,延缓慢性肾脏病进展。

六味地黄汤对阿霉素肾病小鼠尿蛋白及肾小球p-p38 MAPK、α-actinin-4、synaptopodin的影响

目的探讨六味地黄汤对阿霉素肾病(adriamycin nephropaghy,ADRN)小鼠尿蛋白的干预作用及可能机制。方法30只SPF级雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机选取5只为空白组,余下小鼠以单次尾静脉注射阿霉素(0.01 g·kg^(-1))复制ADRN模型,2周后将造模成功的小鼠随机分为模型组、贝那普利组及低、中、高剂量六味地黄汤组,每组5只。空白组、模型组予等体积注射用水灌胃,贝那普利组予0.0013 g·kg^(-1)贝那普利灌胃,低、中、高剂量六味地黄汤组分别予9.75、19.5、39 g·kg^(-1)六味地黄汤灌胃,每日1次,连续8周。自动生化仪检测小鼠24 h尿蛋白定量、血清白蛋白、血清肌酐、血清钾;HE染色法、电镜观察小鼠肾脏病理改变及足突形态;免疫组织化学法、Western bolt检测小鼠肾脏磷酸化p38 MAPK(phosphorylated p38 MAPK,p-p38 MAPK)、α-辅肌动蛋白-4(α-actinin-4)、突触孔蛋白(synaptopodin)的表达;RT-PCR检测小鼠肾脏α-actinin-4、synaptopodin mRNA表达。结果与空白组比较,模型组小鼠体质量、24 h尿量、血清白蛋白降低,24 h尿蛋白定量升高(P<0.05);肾小球系膜细胞增生,部分系膜区扩大、肾小管蛋白管型,间质可见炎性细胞浸润,足突广泛融合;α-actinin-4蛋白及mRNA、p-p38 MAPK蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),synaptopodin蛋白及mRNA表达降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,各干预组病理改变及足突融合均得到不同程度改善,贝那普利组及中、高剂量六味地黄汤组24 h尿蛋白定量减少,高剂量六味地黄汤组p-p38 MAPK蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),低、中、高剂量六味地黄汤组synaptopodin蛋白及mRNA表达均升高(P<0.05)。贝那普利组及低、中、高剂量六味地黄汤组组间比较,各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论六味地黄汤可能通过抑制p38 MAPK通路活化和上调α-actinin-4、synaptopodin蛋白及mRNA表达,改善肾脏病理及足突融合,减轻足细胞损伤,减少ADRN小鼠尿蛋白。

升阳除湿防风汤联合化疗治疗晚期胃癌疗效及对患者血清CA72-4、sICAM-1的影响

目的:观察升阳除湿防风汤联合化疗治疗晚期胃癌患者的临床疗效及血清糖类抗原72-4(CA72-4)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)变化。方法:选择86例晚期胃癌患者,根据治疗方法将其分为两组,各43例,化疗组给予常规化疗治疗,观察组在化疗组基础上给予升阳除湿防风汤治疗,比较两组客观缓解率(ORR)、疾病控制率(DCR)、中医症状积分、血清CA72-4、sICAM-1水平、T淋巴细胞亚群指标(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))、不良反应总发生率。结果:观察组ORR、DCR均较化疗组更高(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后畏寒肢冷、脘腹胀满、恶心呕吐、神疲乏力积分均较化疗组更低(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后血清CA72-4、sICAM-1水平均较化疗组更低(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)均较化疗组更高(P<0.05),CD8^(+)较化疗组更低(P<0.05)。观察组血小板减少、贫血、脱发、恶心、呕吐总发生率与化疗组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:升阳除湿防风汤联合化疗可有效提高晚期胃癌客观缓解率、疾病控制率,缓解脘腹胀满等症状,改善免疫功能,纠正免疫失衡,降低血清CA72-4、sICAM-1表达量,且未增加不良反应发生率。

化痰通遂汤联合督脉三针对脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者脂质过氧化及血清NPAS4、PARK7的影响

目的探讨化痰通遂汤联合督脉三针对脑卒中后吞咽障碍对患者脂质过氧化及血清NPAS4、PARK7的影响。方法研究将前瞻性选取2020年3月—2022年4月在医院诊疗的86例脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者为受试对象,根据数字表法将其分成试验组与对照组,各43例,对照组予以化痰通遂汤治疗,试验组予以化痰通遂汤治疗的同时采用督脉三针治疗,密切观察并对比两组研究对象的疗效,治疗前后的氧化应激和脂质过氧化指标,血清NPAS4、PARK7水平,NIHSS评分、FMA评分、SSA评分及SIS评分。结果应用化痰通遂汤联合督脉三针治疗后的试验组疗效明显高于单纯应用化痰通遂汤治疗的对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者的SOD、iso-PGs指标较治疗前均上升(P<0.05),且试验组SOD指标高于对照组(P<0.05),但试验组iso-PGs指标较治疗前无明显差异(P>0.05),且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05),MDA指标治疗较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05),且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前两组的NIHSS评分、SSA评分、FMA评分及SIS评分均无显著性差异(P>0.05),治疗后试验组患者的FMA评分及SIS评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而NIHSS评分、SSA评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗前两组血清NPAS4、PARK7水平较治疗前均无显著性差异(P>0.05),且试验组患者血清NPAS4、PARK7水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论应用化痰通遂汤联合督脉三针治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍,效果极佳,联用能够改善氧化应激以及脂质过氧化指标,降低血清NPAS4、PARK7水平,提高患者生存水平,安全可靠,临床应用前景较为宽阔。

清解化攻方调控NLRP3/TLR4/NF-κB信号通路对重症急性胰腺炎小鼠模型胰腺组织的保护作用

目的观察清解化攻方对重症急性胰腺炎(SAP)小鼠模型的治疗作用,探索清解化攻方抗炎症反应的作用机制。方法将36只C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分成空白组,模型组,清解化攻方低、中、高剂量组,西药组(乌司他丁),每组6只,除空白组小鼠,余各组小鼠采用逆行胰胆管注射5%牛黄胆酸钠建立SAP模型,清解化攻方低、中、高剂量组在造模后分别予以清解化攻方1、2、4 g/kg灌胃,西药组在造模后予以腹腔注射乌司他丁(5×10^(4) U/kg),共干预7 d。采用苏木素-伊红染色观察胰腺组织病理改变;酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测小鼠α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IL-18和TNF-α水平;RTqPCR检测胰腺组织NOD样受体蛋白3(NLRP3)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)mRNA表达水平;免疫组化检测胰腺组织NLRP3、TLR4、NF-κB的阳性表达率;Western Blot技术检测NLRP3、TLR4、NF-κB、IL-1β、IL-6蛋白的表达水平。计量资料多组间比较采用方差分析,进一步两两比较采用LSD-t检验。结果与空白组相比,模型组小鼠胰腺组织结构弥漫性破坏、胰腺小叶间隔局灶性扩张、腺泡萎缩和大量炎症细胞浸润,α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IL-18和TNF-α含量明显升高(P值均<0.05),NLRP3、TLR4、NF-κB mRNA表达水平及阳性表达率均明显上升(P值均<0.05),NLRP3、TLR4、NF-κB、IL-1β、IL-6蛋白表达均明显上调(P值均<0.05)。与模型组相比,清解化攻方各剂量组和西药组可见小鼠胰腺组织结构稍紧密、完整,胰腺腺泡细胞排列有序,伴少量炎症细胞浸润和胰腺小叶出血灶,α-淀粉酶、脂肪酶、IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8、IL-18和TNF-α含量明显下降(P值均<0.05),NLRP3、TLR4、NF-κB mRNA表达水平及阳性表达率均明显降低(P值均<0.05),NLRP3、TLR4、NF-κB、IL-1β、IL-6蛋白表达水平均明显减弱(P值均<0.05)。结论清解化攻方可能通过抑制NLRP3/TLR4/NF-κB信号通路相关蛋白的激活,减少炎症介质的释放,防止炎症级联反应增强,进而对SAP小鼠胰腺组织发挥保护作用。

高压氧配合中药汤剂治疗中青年脑卒中患者的效果及对TLR4/NF-κB信号通路与免疫炎症因子的影响

目的 探讨高压氧配合中药汤剂治疗中青年脑卒中患者的临床疗效,并分析其对免疫炎症因子、Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路的影响。方法 选取2021年2月至2023年2月郑州颐和医院收治的80例中青年脑卒中患者为研究对象,遵循随机单双数分配原则分为单一组、联合组,每组40例。单一组接受中药汤剂治疗,联合组接受高压氧配合中药汤剂治疗。统计对比两组临床疗效、中医证候积分、不良反应发生情况及神经功能[美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)]、日常生活能力[Barthel指数(BI)]、肢体运动功能[Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(FMA)]。对比两组治疗前后血清免疫炎症因子[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、红细胞C3b受体花环率(RBC-C3bRR)、红细胞免疫复合物花环率(RBC-ICR)]、Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路相关因子(TLR4 mRNA、NF-κB p65 mRNA)水平。结果 联合组总有效率高于单一组(P<0.05);治疗后,联合组中医证候积分、NIHSS评分低于单一组,BI、FMA评分高于单一组(P<0.05);治疗后,联合组血清TNF-α、hs-CRP水平及RBC-ICR低于单一组,RBC-C3bRR高于单一组(P<0.05);治疗后,联合组外周血单核细胞中TLR4 mRNA、NF-κB p65 mRNA水平低于单一组(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 高压氧配合中药汤剂治疗中青年脑卒中患者的效果确切且具有一定安全性,可改善临床症状,减轻神经功能损伤,促进肢体功能、日常生活能力恢复,并可抑制炎症反应,改善免疫功能,可能与抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路活化有关。

补阳还五汤增强GPX4表达抑制铁死亡减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤

目的探讨补阳还五汤减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤是否通过增强GPX4的表达抑制铁死亡的机制。方法选取健康雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分为4组:假手术组(Sham组)、模型组(MCAO/R组)、补阳还五汤组(BYHWD组)、阳性对照药组(DFO组)。所有实验动物均建MCAO/R模型(假手术组仅剥离)。BYHWD组给予补阳还五汤灌胃处理,DFO组给予DFO腹腔注射处理,其余组予以生理盐水灌胃处理。再灌注72 h进行指标评定及取材。神经功能评分检测神经功能;TTC染色测定脑梗死面积;尼氏染色观察脑组织形态结构;生化试剂检测血清GSH、丙二醛(MDA)、脑组织铁含量;免疫荧光和Western blot检测谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)的蛋白表达。结果与假手术组相比,模型组大鼠神经功能损伤明显,脑梗死体积增多,脑组织病理学损伤明显,尼氏体数量减少,脑组织铁含量、血清MDA含量明显增加,血清GSH含量、脑组织GPX4的蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05);与模型组相比,补阳还五汤组大鼠神经功能明显好转,脑梗死体积降低,脑组织病理学损伤减轻,脑组织铁含量、血清MDA含量降低,血清GSH含量,脑组织GPX4的蛋白表达显著增加(P<0.05)。结论补阳还五汤抑制脑缺血再灌注损伤可能通过增强GPX4的表达抑制铁死亡而发挥作用。

Effect of Buyanghuanwu Decoction on PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway and Aquaporin AQP4 in Cerebral Hemorrhage Rats

[Objectives] To explore the effect of Buyanghuanwu decoction on PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and aquaporin AQP4 in cerebral hemorrhage rats and clarify the mechanism to provide clear direction and target for cerebral hemorrhage treatment caused by cerebral edema.[Methods]SD rats were randomly divided into six groups: model group,sham operation group,Buyanghuanwu decoction low,medium and high dose groups,and Ginkgo biloba group. Model group,Buyanghuanwu decoction group,G. biloba group were prepared to be intracerebral hemorrhage rat models by referring to Rosenberg law. While the expression of " polarity" of aquaporin AQP4 was detected by immunofluorescence labeling method,the Evans blue( Evans Blue,EB) content of brain tissue was determined by Spectrophotometry. In addition,the water content of brain tissue was detected by wet and dry weight method. [Results] When compared to the model group,the Buyang Huanwu decoction group,G. biloba group of PI3K and AKT proteins expression increased significantly( P < 0. 05) and AQP4 in Astrocyte end feet membrane concentrated expression significantly increased( P < 0. 05),EB content and water content of brain tissue significantly reduced( P <0. 05).[Conclusions]The protective mechanisms of Buyanghuanwu decoction on cerebral hemorrhage can work might because it can activate PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,regulate AQP4 " polar" expression,and reduce the permeability of the blood brain barrier and cerebral edema.

敷和汤对特应性皮炎小鼠Toll样受体4/核因子-κB通路调控辅助性T细胞1/辅助性T细胞2的作用及机制研究

目的基于Toll样受体4(TLR4)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路探讨敷和汤对特应性皮炎(AD)小鼠模型的作用及辅助性T细胞1(Th1)/辅助性T细胞2(Th2)免疫平衡的机制。方法将40只BALB/c小鼠采用随机数字表法分为四组:对照组、模型组、地氯雷他定组、敷和汤组,每组10只,除正常组外,其余各组均用2,4-二硝基氟苯(DNFB)刺激。在DNFB刺激后的第14天各组给予相应药物治疗14 d。治疗后观察各组小鼠皮损变化;记录10 min内小鼠搔抓次数;测量胸腺、脾脏指数;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察皮肤组织病理形态学改变;免疫组化检测TLR4阳性蛋白;酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)检测血清中免疫球蛋白E(IgE)、白细胞介素4(IL-4)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平变化;实时荧光定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)法检测小鼠皮肤组织中核因子-κB P65(NF-κB P65)、TLR4、白细胞介素2(IL-2)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)的mRNA水平变化。结果与正常组相比,模型组小鼠皮损严重、表皮明显增生、角化过度、大量炎性细胞浸润;小鼠搔抓次数(12.80±1.32)次/10分钟和皮损评分(4.00±0.67)分、脾脏和胸腺指数分别为42.53±2.04和35.76±2.01,免疫组化检测TLR4阳性蛋白为97.20±12.19;血清IgE、IL-4、IL-6和TNF-α水平分别为(302.39±46.60)μg/L、(239.54±29.23)ng/L、(249.94±33.62)ng/L、(310.01±50.09)ng/L,皮损NF-κB P65、TLR4、IL-2、IL-10、IFN-γ、IL-1β的mRNA表达分别为(6.70±0.38、7.45±0.30、4.03±0.57、3.35±0.35、5.31±0.12、41.21±1.17)显著升高(均P<0.05);敷和汤组给药14 d后小鼠搔抓次数(4.30±0.67)次/10分钟和皮损评分(1.40±0.52)分、脾脏和胸腺指数分别为29.11±1.61和22.02±1.15,免疫组化检测TLR4阳性蛋白为70.85±7.76;血清IgE、IL-4、IL-6和TNF-α水平分别含量为(183.89±11.74)μg/L、(112.67±9.233)ng/L、(121.88±10.84)ng/L、(153.24±12.78)ng/L,皮损NF-κB P65、TLR4、IL-2、IL-10、IFN-γ、IL-1β的mRNA表达分别为(2.87±0.15、2.23±0.31、2.57±0.46、2.39±0.19、2.35±0.21、23.27±2.44)低于模型组(均P<0.05);地氯雷他定组给药14 d后小鼠搔抓次数(5.30±0.67)次/10分钟和皮损评分(1.80±0.63)分、脾脏和胸腺指数分别为27.23±1.19和20.10±1.20,免疫组化检测TLR4阳性蛋白为77.28±5.77;血清IgE、IL-4、IL-6和TNF-α水平含量分别为(175.97±13.12)μg/L、(116.07±9.48)ng/L、(112.11±8.89)ng/L、(143.90±10.83)ng/L,皮损NF-κB P65、TLR4、IL-2、IL-10、IFN-γ、IL-1β的mRNA表达分别为(2.53±0.08、3.46±0.28、2.03±0.11、1.52±0.22、2.15±0.19、23.52±1.24)低于敷和汤组(均P<0.05)。结论敷和汤通过NF-κB通路的激活抑制相关炎症因子反应以及调节Th1/Th2发挥免疫稳定的作用,促进皮损修复,从而达到治疗的作用。

Effect of Maxingganshi decoction on the expression of STAT4 and STAT6 in lung tissues of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective:To investigate the effect of Maxingganshi decoction on the expression of STAT4 and STAT6 in lung tissues of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods:A total of 30 COPD Wistar rat models with phlegm-heat depression and lung depression were established, with half male and half female. The 30 model rats were fed in different cages, weighed and labeled. They were randomly divided into three groups: Maxingganshi decoction group, roxithromycin tablets control group, model control group. At the same time, 10 normal rats were selected as a blank control group. The white blood cell count and other cell count levels in the alveolar lavage fluid of the rats in the four groups, as well as the STAT4 and STAT6 protein levels in the lung tissues, were observed and compared.Results: After treatment, the white cell counts in Maxingganshi decoction group were significantly higher than that of the model control group (P<0.05);lymph, neutral particles and eosinophil levels were significantly lower than those of the model control group (P<0.05). Compared with roxithromycin tablets control group, white blood cell count and other classification level of cell count in Maxingganshi decoction group were not significantly different (P>0.05). After treatment, STAT4 protein levels in roxithromycin tablets control group and Maxingganshi decoction group were lower than that in the model control group (P<0.05), and STAT6 protein levels in roxithromycin tablets control group and Maxingganshi decoction group were higher than that of the model control group (P<0.05), suggesting the two means of intervention in this study could inhabit the STAT4 protein expression in lung tissue of COPD rats and promote effect on STAT6 protein. In addition, the level of STAT4 and STAT6 in the Maxingganshi decoction group was not significantly different from that in the roxithromycin tablets control group (P>0.05), suggesting that the effect of Maxingganshi decoction was similar to that of roxithromycin tablets.Conclusions: The action mechanism of Maxingganshi decoction group treating COPD may be through the STAT4 and STAT6 protein expression level to impose an effect, and thus interfere with IL-12 / STAT4 and IL-4 / STAT6 these two signaling pathways of Th1 cells and Th2 cells in the body of the gene expression, inhibiting the Th1 polarization and adjusting the imbalance of Thl/Th2 cells, so as to lower inflammatory response mediated by T cells and various kinds of pathological damage.

四白祛痤汤联合盐酸米诺环素治疗湿热蕴结型痤疮的疗效及对外周血TLR2、IL-4水平的影响

目的:观察四白祛痤汤联合盐酸米诺环素治疗痤疮的疗效及外周血单核细胞Toll样受体2(Toll-like receptor 2,TLR2)、白细胞介素-4(IL-4)水平。方法:选取笔者医院在2020年1月-2022年12月收治的120例痤疮患者进行研究,按照随机数表法将患者分为观察组(四白祛痤汤联合盐酸米诺环素治疗,60例)和对照组(盐酸米诺环素治疗,60例)。比较两组患者的治疗效果,比较两组患者治疗前后粉刺、炎性丘疹、脓疱、结节、囊肿的皮损积分,比较两组患者治疗前后外周血TLR2、IL-4水平,比较两组患者治疗前后情感功能、自我感知、社会功能、痤疮症状的生活质量评分,比较两组患者的不良反应情况。结果:观察组总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组皮损积分均显著下降,且观察组明显低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组外周血TLR2、IL-4水平均显著下降,且观察组明显低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组情感功能、自我感知、社会功能、痤疮症状评分显著上升,且观察组高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组和对照组不良反应总发生率分别为10%和11.67%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:四白祛痤汤联合盐酸米诺环素能有效缓解痤疮患者的临床症状,降低外周血TLR2、IL-4水平,提高患者生活质量,安全性高。

Effects of Yigan Tiaozhi Decoction on Serum NO, Endotoxin and RBP4 in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of Yigan Tiaozhi Decoction on serum nitric oxide(NO), endotoxin and retinol binding protein 4(RBP4) in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), and to provide evidence for clinical treatment of such patients. METHODS: A total of 92 patients with NAFLD admitted to Army General Hospital 263 Clinic from March 2013 to March 2017 were selected, and all patients were divided into the control group(n = 46) and the observation group(n = 46) according to the random number table method. The patients in the control group were given conventional treatment, and the patients in the observation group were treated with Yigan Tiaozhi Decoction on the basis of the control group. Liver function, blood lipid levels, serum NO, endotoxin, RBP4 levels and clinical efficacy were observed and compared between the 2 groups before and after treatment. RESULTS: Before treatment, there was no significant difference in serum alanine aminotransferase, glutamyltranspeptidase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels between the 2 groups(P > 0.05); after treatment, the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, glutamyltranspeptidase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol and triglyceride in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05); before treatment, there was no significant difference in serum NO, endotoxin and RBP4 levels between the 2 groups(P > 0.05); after treatment, the serum NO, endotoxin and RBP4 levels in the observation group were lower than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05); the total effective rate of treatment in the observation group(89.13%) was significantly higher than that in the control group(76.09%), and the difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Yigan Tiaozhi Decoction is effective in NAFLD, which can reduce serum NO, endotoxin and RBP4 levels, improve liver function and reduce blood lipid levels.

葛根芩连汤对湿热下注型溃疡性结肠炎患者TLR4/MyD88信号通路的影响

目的:分析葛根芩连汤对湿热下注型溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者Toll样受体4(TLR4)/髓样分化因子88(MyD88)信号通路相关蛋白和下游炎性因子水平的影响。方法:选择100例唐山市中医医院2020年5月—2023年5月收治的UC患者为研究对象,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组50例。对照组进行常规灌肠配合美沙拉嗪肠溶片治疗;观察组在对照组治疗基础上加用葛根芩连汤内服。比较两组治疗效果、治疗前后中医证候积分变化、TLR4、MyD88水平、炎症因子水平以及不良反应发生情况。结果:观察组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组中医证候积分下降,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组TLR4、MyD88水平下降,且观察组TLR4、MyD88水平低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后两组炎症因子水平均降低,且观察组炎症因子水平低于对照组(P<0.05);两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:葛根芩连汤治疗湿热下注型UC患者的疗效显著,可明显改善临床相应症状,调节TLR4/MyD88信号通路相关蛋白和下游炎性因子水平,降低炎症反应,且安全性较高,值得临床推广。

达原饮对Hp感染模型大鼠胃组织和口周皮肤TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3通路的影响

目的:观察达原饮对幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染模型大鼠胃组织和口周皮肤Toll样受体4/核因子-κB/NOD样受体蛋白3(TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3)信号通路,以及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)与白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)等炎症因子的影响,探讨达原饮治疗Hp感染的机制。方法:选取44只雄性SD大鼠,随机分为空白组8只及造模组36只,造模组予以Hp菌液灌胃造模,造模成功后,将造模组随机分为模型组、达原饮高剂量组、达原饮低剂量组、西药组,每组各8只,分别予以相应药物灌胃,空白组、模型组予以等量生理盐水灌胃,灌胃2周。观察大鼠造模前后一般情况改变,苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察口周皮肤和胃组织病理学变化,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测大鼠口周皮肤和胃组织TLR4、NF-κB、NLRP3表达以及血清中TNF-α、IL-1β表达水平。结果:给药干预后,与模型组相比,西药组、达原饮高剂量组、达原饮低剂量组大鼠皮毛柔顺光泽,饮食水量增加,大便逐渐成型,胃黏膜上皮细胞层次基本分明,排列较整齐,炎症细胞浸润减少,口周皮肤角化过度、棘层增厚、毛囊周围轻度炎症细胞浸润等情况均有不同程度改善。与模型组相比,西药组、达原饮高剂量组、达原饮低剂量组大鼠胃组织和口周皮肤TLR4、NF-κB、NLRP3蛋白表达水平均有不同程度的下调(P<0.05或P<0.01),血清炎症因子TNF-α、IL-1β表达明显下降(P<0.01)。结论:达原饮可能通过干预TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3信号通路,抑制TLR4、NF-κB、NLRP3及下游炎症因子的表达,减轻Hp感染模型大鼠胃组织和口周皮肤炎症损伤。