Taking a certain area in Sichuan Province as the object of this study, this paper adopts fuzzy mathematics method to make an evaluation on ecological risks of heavy metal in soil of this area. On calculation of factor...Taking a certain area in Sichuan Province as the object of this study, this paper adopts fuzzy mathematics method to make an evaluation on ecological risks of heavy metal in soil of this area. On calculation of factors’ weights, the traditional method of giving weight according to pollutants’ concentrations fails to consider the toxicity of heavy metals, and can’t reflect their actual ecological effect. With reference to the toxicity coefficient in potential ecological risk index evaluation, this article revises the traditional fuzzy mathematics evaluation model and puts forward a new method to calculate factors’ weight by incorporating toxicity levels in weight setting. The results of this study indicate: surface soil of this area was good in general, with 91.2% samples belonging to the first level, 7.77% samples belonging to the second level, and only 1.03% belonging to the third level. Compared with the results of the evaluation method of the reality content of soil, soil quality is better than the results of the quantitative evaluation, and is closer to the actual local conditions.展开更多
Soil characterization and heavy metals in different layers (0 - 15 cm;15 - 30 cm and 30 - 45 cm depth) of automobile mechanic waste dumps were studied. The soils showed remarkably high levels of all the metals above b...Soil characterization and heavy metals in different layers (0 - 15 cm;15 - 30 cm and 30 - 45 cm depth) of automobile mechanic waste dumps were studied. The soils showed remarkably high levels of all the metals above background concentrations with most (Ni, Cu, Fe, Cr and Cd) decreasing with soil depth. The distribution pattern were in the following order Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. Across all the sampling locations and profiles, Fe and Cd showed the highest (476.4 μg·g-1) and least (37.5 μg·g-1) mean concentrations respectively. Pollution load index (PLI) and index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) revealed overall high and moderate contamination respectively but the enrichment factors (EFs) for Pb Ni and Cd are severe. The inter-element relationship revealed the identical source of elements in the soils of the studied area. The accuracy of the results has been cheeked using the standard reference material;SRM (PACS-2). The mechanic waste dumps represent potential sources of heavy metal pollution to environment. The elevated levels of heavy metals in these soil profiles constitute a serious threat to both surface and groundwater.展开更多
Chemometric techniques and pollution assessment indices were applied to determine the source and intensity of pollution in the Sirsa River, Himachal Pradesh,India. Results show EC, Cr, Fe, Mn, and Ni were above the pe...Chemometric techniques and pollution assessment indices were applied to determine the source and intensity of pollution in the Sirsa River, Himachal Pradesh,India. Results show EC, Cr, Fe, Mn, and Ni were above the permissible limit as per the Bureau of Indian Standards.The heavy metal pollution index(HPI) and contamination index(Cd) provided contrasting outcome and poor correlation was observed. A heavy metal evaluation index(HEI)method was developed using a multiple of the mean and correlation coefficient values to provide an alternative pollution classification. The criteria of HEI adopted for reclassification of HPI and Cdproduced comparable results; 40 % samples were labeled as low contamination,50 % as medium contamination, and 10 % as high contamination for all indices. Principal component analysis along with cluster analysis was used to identify the main factors responsible for degradation of water quality,namely discharge of industrial effluent, river bed mining,agricultural runoff, and minor natural or geogenic input.The methods and chemometric study proposed here can be used as effective tools to gather information about water quality and water resource management.展开更多
文摘Taking a certain area in Sichuan Province as the object of this study, this paper adopts fuzzy mathematics method to make an evaluation on ecological risks of heavy metal in soil of this area. On calculation of factors’ weights, the traditional method of giving weight according to pollutants’ concentrations fails to consider the toxicity of heavy metals, and can’t reflect their actual ecological effect. With reference to the toxicity coefficient in potential ecological risk index evaluation, this article revises the traditional fuzzy mathematics evaluation model and puts forward a new method to calculate factors’ weight by incorporating toxicity levels in weight setting. The results of this study indicate: surface soil of this area was good in general, with 91.2% samples belonging to the first level, 7.77% samples belonging to the second level, and only 1.03% belonging to the third level. Compared with the results of the evaluation method of the reality content of soil, soil quality is better than the results of the quantitative evaluation, and is closer to the actual local conditions.
文摘Soil characterization and heavy metals in different layers (0 - 15 cm;15 - 30 cm and 30 - 45 cm depth) of automobile mechanic waste dumps were studied. The soils showed remarkably high levels of all the metals above background concentrations with most (Ni, Cu, Fe, Cr and Cd) decreasing with soil depth. The distribution pattern were in the following order Fe > Cu > Zn > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd. Across all the sampling locations and profiles, Fe and Cd showed the highest (476.4 μg·g-1) and least (37.5 μg·g-1) mean concentrations respectively. Pollution load index (PLI) and index of geoaccumulation (Igeo) revealed overall high and moderate contamination respectively but the enrichment factors (EFs) for Pb Ni and Cd are severe. The inter-element relationship revealed the identical source of elements in the soils of the studied area. The accuracy of the results has been cheeked using the standard reference material;SRM (PACS-2). The mechanic waste dumps represent potential sources of heavy metal pollution to environment. The elevated levels of heavy metals in these soil profiles constitute a serious threat to both surface and groundwater.
基金Project supported by the Guangdong Environmental Protection Bureau of China (No.2001-27)Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology,China (No.2004A30308002)State Key Laboratory of Environment Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘Chemometric techniques and pollution assessment indices were applied to determine the source and intensity of pollution in the Sirsa River, Himachal Pradesh,India. Results show EC, Cr, Fe, Mn, and Ni were above the permissible limit as per the Bureau of Indian Standards.The heavy metal pollution index(HPI) and contamination index(Cd) provided contrasting outcome and poor correlation was observed. A heavy metal evaluation index(HEI)method was developed using a multiple of the mean and correlation coefficient values to provide an alternative pollution classification. The criteria of HEI adopted for reclassification of HPI and Cdproduced comparable results; 40 % samples were labeled as low contamination,50 % as medium contamination, and 10 % as high contamination for all indices. Principal component analysis along with cluster analysis was used to identify the main factors responsible for degradation of water quality,namely discharge of industrial effluent, river bed mining,agricultural runoff, and minor natural or geogenic input.The methods and chemometric study proposed here can be used as effective tools to gather information about water quality and water resource management.
