Digitalization of inverting filter shaping circuit for nuclear pulse signals

In the design of filter shaping circuits for nuclear pulse signals,inverting filter shaping circuits perform better than non-inverting filter shaping circuits.Because these circuits facilitate changing the phase of a pulse signal,they are widely used in processing nuclear pulse signals.In this study,the transfer functions of four types of inverting filter shaping circuits,namely the common inverting filter shaping,improved inverting filter shaping,multiple feedback low-pass filter shaping,and third-order multiple feedback low-pass filter shaping,in the Laplacian domain,are derived.We establish the numerical recursive function models and digitalize the four circuits,obtain the transfer functions in the Z domain,and analyze the filter performance and amplitude-frequency response characteristics in the frequency domain.Based on the actual nuclear pulse signal of the Si-PIN detector,we realize four types of inverting digital shaping.The results show that under the same shaping parameters,the common inverting digital shaping has better amplitude extraction characteristics,the third-order multiple feedback low-pass digital shaping has better noise suppression performance,and the multiple feedback digital shaping takes into account both pulse amplitude extraction and noise suppression performance.

An acquisition system of digital nuclear signal processing for the algorithm development

A principle and method of constructing the digital acquisition system is presented in this work,which is convenient for the study on the theories and algorithms of digital nuclear signal processing.The hardware system of the digital acquisition system consists of front-end controller,waveform digitizer and PC workstation,on which the software system has been developed based on Visual C++under Windows environment.The alterable-frequency sampling(AFS)algorithm and the alterable-frequency trapezoidal filter(AFTF)algorithm have also been studied in the real-time environment,along with a digital nuclear spectrum acquisition system being set up based on the new algorithms and theγ-ray spectra of 241Am being shown.A useful experimental platform could be provided by this work for the successive work such as the development of global digitized nuclear measurement system and the study of digital nuclear signal processing.

Optimal parameter choice of CR–RC^m digital filter in nuclear pulse processing

CR–RCm filters are widely used in nuclear energy spectrum measurement systems. The choice of parameters of a CR–RCm digital filter directly affects its performance in terms of energy resolution and pulse count rate in digital nuclear spectrometer systems. A numerical recursive model of a CR differential circuit and RC integration circuit is derived, which shows that the shaping result of CR–RCm is determined by the adjustment parameter (k, it determines the shaping time of the shaper) and the integral number (m). Furthermore, the amplitude– frequency response of CR–RC^m is analyzed, which shows that it is a bandpass filter;the larger the shaping parameters (k and m), the narrower is the frequency band. CR–RC^m digital Gaussian shaping is performed on the actual sampled nuclear pulse signal under different shaping parameters. The energy spectrum of 137Cs is measured based on the LaBr3(Ce) detector under different parameters. The results show that the larger the shaping parameters (m and k), the closer the shaping result is to Gaussian shape, the wider is the shaped pulse, the higher is the energy resolution, and the lower is the pulse count rate. For the same batch of pulse signals, the energy resolution is increased from 3.8 to 3.5%, and the full energy peak area is reduced from 7815 to 6503. Thus, the optimal shaping parameters are m -3 and k -0.95. These research results can provide a design reference for the development of digital nuclear spectrometer measurement systems.

Applying image processing method to treat digital signals

In this paper, we present a novel method for digital nuclear signal processing based on image processing and recognition, which can improve signal-to-noise ratio of digital nuclear signal effectively without changing the signal shape. The digital nuclear signal with a "time-amplitude" series is converted into a grayscale image with adjustable pixel size. Template of the converted image is extracted by means of modern image processing methods, such as spatial digital low-pass filtering, image binary and the skeleton extracting of images. The needed parameters are extracted from the template image. The method of template extracting presented in this paper can be used flexibly to extract template of nuclear signals, whether the whole or even part of that, and got multi templates corresponding to the whole or partial characters of the signals. The results of image processing,along with γ-ray energy spectrum of241 Am acquired by this method, show that the new method provides a way to develop future digital nuclear instruments of high efficiency and flexibility, high density and multi parameters.

基于三角函数的核信号类高斯成形算法研究

高斯信号具有高信噪比、抗弹道亏损和易于提取幅度等优点。因此,在核辐射测量系统中,核信号的高斯成形被广泛应用于探测器输出信号的滤波和幅度提取。然而,目前实时高斯成形核脉冲信号仍然具有挑战性。常见的Sallen-Key滤波器和CR-(RC)^(m)滤波器输出的类高斯信号还存在对称性差和下冲等问题。本文提出了一种基于三角函数的双指数信号类高斯脉冲成形算法。该算法以三角函数为基础,通过平移和反转可得到左右对称的类高斯信号(1-cosx),采用Z变换方法推导了该算法的数字递推式。仿真和实测结果表明:在相同达峰时间条件下,相较于正弦函数(sin)脉冲成形,类高斯脉冲成形具有更好的滤波性能,信噪比(SNR)提升了8.95%。同时,类高斯脉冲成形所得能谱的能量分辨率较sin脉冲成形更优。与梯形脉冲成形相比,类高斯脉冲成形具有更好的堆积脉冲分离能力,展现出良好的应用前景。

合成成形法在数字核脉冲信号处理中的应用研究

数字核谱仪系统中核脉冲信号的处理通常采用数字成形法,传统的核信号数字成形常采用传递函数法来实现核脉冲信号的梯形、三角形与高斯成形。为解决不同数字成形方法需要改变相应的传递函数与实现过程的问题,引入了数字核信号合成成形处理方法,该方法采用统一的传递函数,通过简单地改变成形参数,可将数字核信号成形为具有一定曲率的凹成形与凸成形输出,然后通过叠加合成实现三种数字成形。具体推导了Z域中合成成形的传递函数,以梯形合成成形为例分析了成形参数对脉冲堆积的影响,通过SignalTapⅡ获取成形数据,研究结果表明该方法可简单有效实现核脉冲信号的三种数字成形。选用NaI(Tl)探测器测量^(137)Cs,对产生的核脉冲信号采用合成成形处理,通过对获取的能谱分析可知,合成成形法比传统成形法具有更好的能量分辨率与计数率性能。

核脉冲信号数字自动极零设计

针对数字极零相消参数调试过程中依赖人工干预的问题,在推导出负指数衰减脉冲信号时间常数计算模型基础上,提出了自动极零算法,搭建了数字自动极零软硬件测试装置。验证实验表明,提出的负指数衰减脉冲信号时间常数计算模型,可应用于核脉冲信号时间常数的精确计算,数字自动极零算法可直接应用于数字化多道核脉冲信号自动极零相消功能的实现。

基于余弦函数的核脉冲信号数字成形方法研究

核脉冲信号的数字余弦函数(cos)成形,因成形简单、可操作性强和灵活性高等优势被用于核脉冲信号的数字成形处理中。本文从单指数衰减脉冲信号和cos脉冲信号的数学模型出发,推导了对称cos成形、零面积cos成形与对称零面积cos成形三种成形方法在Z域中的传递函数和级联公式,分析了成形参数对数字cos成形结果的影响。针对仿真核信号和实际采样核信号,分别实现了三种数字cos成形;基于现场可编程逻辑门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)系统,实现了核信号的数字cos成形、幅度提取、能谱构建等功能。通过对137Cs(NaI(Tl)探测器)γ能谱的测试,结果表明三种数字cos成形方法在能量分辨率和计数方面均表现良好,且对称零面积cos成形性能指标更为优异,具有较大的应用前景。

数字核脉冲信号sin成形研究与性能分析

随着高精度ADC与高集成数字信号处理器件的飞速发展,核脉冲信号数字化技术已成为核能谱测量系统的研究热点。对数字核脉冲信号的sin成形原理进行了推导,并对仿真核脉冲信号和实际采样的核脉冲信号分别进行了sin成形处理,并基于此讨论了有关sin成形参数的选取。研究结果表明:基于sin成形的数字核脉冲信号成形是可行的,具有良好应用前景。成形参数d1和d2的大小直接影响着核脉冲信号sin成形的效果,成形参数a的大小影响着sin成形脉冲的脉冲幅度,成形宽度nw的大小影响着sin成形脉冲的宽度。通过对137Cs(NaI探测器)的特征峰进行能谱测试,在能量分辨率相当情况下,sin成形相比梯形成形与高斯成形具有更好的计数率特性。

核信号数值仿真方法的研究及应用

提出并建立了一种数值仿真方法,通过计算机模拟,生成各种数字化核信号波形,以此作为工具开展核信号数字处理方法的研究。通过准高斯滤波、梯形滤波和匹配滤波算法对数字核信号处理结果的研究与比较表明,提出的方法是准确而可行的。

基于FPGA的数字核信号处理系统的研究

核能谱是核物理研究、射线探测和核技术应用领域中获取的重要信息,对其测量技术的改进一直为热点研究问题。论文基于FPGA设计一套数字核信号处理系统,对高速ADC采样后的数字核信号通过FPGA控制的高速USB接口电路,直接传送给计算机的测试平台以实现核信号的离线处理,同时该数字核信号在FPGA中实现其滤波成形、堆积识别,基线恢复等功能,得到的能谱通过USB接口传送给计算机。通过测试,系统既能实现原始核信号的传输与保存,又能实现数字核信号的在线处理。

实时核信号数字化脉冲成形关键技术研究

本文对理想核脉冲信号和实际探测器输出信号分别进行了计算机模拟仿真与分析,总结了不同成形时间的核脉冲信号的数字梯形成形参数的确定方法。在高计数率场合时提高了有效测量计数率,消除了部分脉冲的堆积并减少了系统死时间。同时,采用256点和512点数字三角成形方法测试了Si-PIN半导体探测器的性能,并与模拟电路成形方法进行了对比测试。测试结果表明,脉冲数字成形处理方法提高了探测器计数率和分辨率。

核信号数字滤波成形算法仿真研究

本文介绍三种核信号(高斯滤波成形、匹配滤波成形、梯形滤波成形)数字处理方法。利用计算机产生的单指数仿核脉冲信号作为信号源,分析了不同单指数输入时间常数及各滤波器参数变化对滤波效果的影响,并用Matlab编写相关算法仿真程序,给出了仿真结果。

基于LabVIEW的数字核信号处理平台的研发

数字核信号处理平台的研发对数字核谱仪设计中的信号处理方案与参数的选择具有重要意义。基于LabVIEW的数字核信号处理平台的研发,主要实现数字核信号的滤波成形、堆积识别、幅度提取、计数率校正功能,处理的数字核信号可以是系统中实际采样的核脉冲信号,也可是实验中的仿真数据。论文采用LabVIEW的虚拟仪器技术,结合计算机硬件资源,通过对实际采样的核脉冲信号进行处理,搭建了一套数字核信号处理平台,节约了开发成本,人机交换界面友好直观、操作方便,在实际研究与应用中具有广泛的意义与价值。

数字化核信号梯形成形滤波算法的研究

为方便而快捷地开展数字化成形系统的研究,作者分析了数字核信号梯形滤波算法,建立了一种运用MATLAB实现梯形滤波器的参数优化的方法,并用此方法讨论了各参数对滤波效果的影响.

基于FPGA的高速核信号采集系统设计

描述了一种基于现场可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)的高速核信号采集系统的设计方案。FPGA作为控制核心,实现对高速Analog-to-Digital Converter(ADC)和Universal Serial Bus(USB)的逻辑控制和数字信号的采样、滤波、甄别、存储、传输处理,并使用异步First In First Out(FIFO)实现ADC数据采集模块和USB数据传输模块2个不同时钟域之间的数据传输,提高数据的吞吐率。最后利用上位机软件进行数据处理和绘图显示。测试结果表明,该系统能够实现核信号的实时、高效采集。

基于MATLAB的数字化梯形滤波器的研究

为方便而快捷地开展数字化成形系统的研究,本文建立了一种运用MATLAB实现梯形滤波器的参数优化的方法,并用此方法讨论了各参数对滤波效果的影响。

基于DSP的数字化多道脉冲幅度分析器设计

本文介绍了基于DSP的数字化多道系统软硬件设计和研制。硬件设计采用双FIFO结构,获得了包含上升沿及基线信息的数字脉冲信号,节约DSP带宽从而提高了系统的脉冲通过率。软件设计中,完成了基于DSP的核信号的数字处理,并通过USB接口(或串口)通讯实现了系统监控及能谱数据传输。本文还给出该系统在eV公司SPEAR型CdZnTe探测器上测得的137Cs能谱示例。

基于Sallen-Key滤波器的数字高斯成形方法的仿真

详细阐述了一种指数信号数字高斯成形技术的计算机仿真方法。首先,以Sallen-Key滤波器为基础,建立了指数输入信号和高斯输出信号之间的数学关系模型。该模型是一个二阶微分方程。其次,模型解算过程中利用数值微分算法得到一个数值递推解。通过计算机仿真该数值递推解实现了指数信号的数字高斯成形。最后,将成形模型应用于实际核脉冲信号分析系统中,通过计算机仿真确定了成形参数。