Dynamic Uncertainty:Exploring the Spatial Order of Future Digital Architecture

The spatial order of architecture has been significantly impacted by digital architectural design and production,creating a dynamic uncertainty.This study aims to explore digital architecture from the perspective of spatial order,discussing the antidote/poison effect caused by digital technologies in architectural practice and the cultural digital changes in digital architectures.The study selected four digital architecture cases,including the(W)rapper at Los Angeles by Eric Owen Moss,Beijing Daxing International Airport by Zaha Hadid,3D Print Niaokan Bridge by Xu Weiguo,and World Internet Conference Center by Yuan Feng.This study is hypothesising that the future special order of digital architectures will be a dynamic and balanced new spatial order.This new order includes the symbiosis of a human-machine and virtual-real hierarchy;the interactive co-existence between nature,humanity and technology;and the creative multi-immersive sharing of parametric information,built-environment resources and cultural artistic information.The evolution of spatial order of future digital architecture will be discussed in connection with the idea of the metaverse.The value of this work is its ability to inspire a broader examination of the new order of digital architectural space.

Hybrid Architecture:A Studio-Based Pedagogical Framework for Digital Architectural Design

This article intends to bring a new perspective to the discussion of how studio-based education in architectural studies can improve its quality by embedding meta-tools as paradigmatic frameworks as a learning/teaching strategy.The newly emerging creative and collaborative digital design tools and systems led to the re-shaping and re-definition of the traditional studio-based teaching/learning processes.The shift does not only comprise of a newly gained ability of using“design toolkits”,but also has substantial cognitive and pedagogical implications.The paper presents,describes and discusses the application of a new pedagogical approach through the application of a novel knowledge framework,that has been used in the teaching of DAD(Digital Architectural Design)in the context of a master’s level course.

Digital Object Architecture for IoT Networks

The Internet of Things(IoT)is a recent technology,which implies the union of objects,“things”,into a single worldwide network.This promising paradigm faces many design challenges associated with the dramatic increase in the number of end-devices.Device identification is one of these challenges that becomes complicated with the increase of network devices.Despite this,there is still no universally accepted method of identifying things that would satisfy all requirements of the existing IoT devices and applications.In this regard,one of the most important problems is choosing an identification system for all IoT devices connected to the public communication networks.Many unique soft-ware and hardware solutions are used as a unique global identifier;however,such solutions have many limitations.This article proposes a novel solution,based on the Digital Object Architecture(DOA),that meets the requirements of identifying devices and applications of the IoT.This work analyzes the benefits of using the DOA as an identification platform in modern telecommunication networks.We propose a model of an identification system based on the architecture of digital objects,which differs from the well-known ones.The proposed model ensures an acceptable quality of service(QoS)in the common architecture of the existing public communication networks.A novel interaction architecture is developed by introducing a Middle Handle Register(MHR)between the global register,i.e.,Global Handle Register(GHR),and local register,i.e.,Local Handle Register(LHR).The aspects of the network interaction and the compatibility of IoT end-devices with the integrated DOA identifiers in heterogeneous communication networks are presented.The developed model is simulated for a wide-area network with allocated registers,and the results are introduced and discussed.

Digital Construction:Architectural Activities of Modernism after a Century

With the development of a series of information technologies such as Internet of things,cloud computing and big data,especially the recent rise and development prospect of 5G technology,digital construction is bound to become an important tributary of the long river of architectural development in the future.The double renewal of the connotation of time and space redefines the architectural system,and the dividing line between human lifestyle,virtual and reality,man and machine,art and science is gradually unclear.Under the big system of digital construction,the basic elements of architecture will be given new content.

Evolving technologies for growing,imaging and analyzing 3D root system architecture of crop plants

A plant＇s ability to maintain or improve its yield under limiting conditions,such as nutrient de ficiency or drought,can be strongly in fluenced by root system architecture（RSA）,the three-dimensional distribution of the different root types in the soil. The ability to image,track and quantify these root system attributes in a dynamic fashion is a useful tool in assessing desirable genetic and physiological root traits. Recent advances in imaging technology and phenotyping software have resulted in substantive progress in describing and quantifying RSA. We have designed a hydroponic growth system which retains the three-dimensional RSA of the plant root system,while allowing for aeration,solution replenishment and the imposition of nutrient treatments,as well as high-quality imaging of the root system. The simplicity and flexibility of the system allows for modi fications tailored to the RSA of different crop species and improved throughput. This paper details the recent improvements and innovations in our root growth and imaging system which allows for greater image sensitivity（detection of fine roots and other root details）,higher ef ficiency,and a broad array of growing conditions for plants that more closely mimic those found under field conditions.

Cyber-applications as gateway to data-rich Digital Earth systems

The underlying vision of the Digital Earth(DE)calls for applications that can embed vast quantities of geo-referenced data and allow users to study and analyse of our planet.Since the declaration of this vision in the late 90s,a significant number of DE data-sets have been created by the industry,governments,non-governmental organisations and individuals.An overwhelming majority of the successful applications that use DE data-sets has its end-user applications running on the desktop.While these applications are great tools,they remain inaccessible to the community as a whole.In this paper,we present a framework for the development of cyber-applications.We define an abstract architecture for cyber-applications based on the model-view-controller paradigm,which allows the dynamic inclusion of functional and data components into its execution engine at run-time.We define the operational characteristics of cyber-applica-tions.We also specify the interface of pluggable components to the architecture.Finally,we demonstrate the appropriateness of the abstract architecture by means of a case study.

Perspectives on Future Power System Control Centers for Energy Transition

Today's power systems are seeing a paradigm shift under the energy transition,sparkled by the electrification of demand,digitalisation of systems,and an increasing share of decarbonated power generation.Most of these changes have a direct impact on their control centers,forcing them to handle weather-based energy resources,new interconnections with neighbouring transmission networks,more markets,active distribution networks,micro-grids,and greater amounts of available data.Unfortunately,these changes have translated during the past decade to small,incremental changes,mostly centered on hardware,software,and human factors.We assert that more transformative changes are needed,especially regarding human-centered design approaches,to enable control room operators to manage the future power system.This paper discusses the evolution of operators towards continuous operation planners,monitoring complex time horizons thanks to adequate real-time automation.Reviewing upcoming challenges as well as emerging technologies for power systems,we present our vision of a new evolutionary architecture for control centers,both at backend and frontend levels.We propose a unified hypervision scheme based on structured decision-making concepts,providing operators with proactive,collaborative,and effective decision support.

The Sensor Web:systems of sensor systems

Global Earth Observing System of Systems(GEOSS)presents a great challenge of System of Systems integration across organisational and political boundaries.One existing paradigm that can address the scale of the challenge is that of the Sensor Web.In this paradigm,the internet is evolving into an active,macro sensing instrument,capable of drawing sensory data from around the globe to the fingertips of individuals.The Sensor Web will support scientific research and facilitate transparent political decision making.This article presents some of the technologies explored and activities engaged in by the GEOSS Sensor Web community,towards achieving GEOSS goals.

FAIR Data and Services in Biodiversity Science and Geoscience

We examine the intersection of the FAIR principles(Findable,Accessible,Interoperable and Reusable),the challenges and opportunities presented by the aggregation of widely distributed and heterogeneous data about biological and geological specimens,and the use of the Digital Object Architecture(DOA)data model and components as an approach to solving those challenges that offers adherence to the FAIR principles as an integral characteristic.This approach will be prototyped in the Distributed System of Scientific Collections(DiSSCo)project,the pan-European Research Infrastructure which aims to unify over 110 natural science collections across 21 countries.We take each of the FAIR principles,discuss them as requirements in the creation of a seamless virtual collection of bio/geo specimen data,and map those requirements to Digital Object components and facilities such as persistent identification,extended data typing,and the use of an additional level of abstraction to normalize existing heterogeneous data structures.The FAIR principles inform and motivate the work and the DO Architecture provides the technical vision to create the seamless virtual collection vitally needed to address scientific questions of societal importance.

The application of open standards to enhance the interoperability of geoscience information

We can adequately study broad global issues and policies only by taking geosciences into account.Our research and decision-making must share and make effective use of interdisciplinary data sources,models,and processes.Noninteroperability impedes sharing of data and computing resources.Standards from the Open Geospatial Consortium(OGC)and other organizations are the basis for successfully deploying a seamless,distributed information infrastructure for the geosciences.Several specifications now adopted by the OGC consensus process are the result of OGC interoperability initiatives.The OGC standards,deployment architectures,and interoperability initiatives are described showing how the OGC standards baseline has been developed and applies to the geosciences.

Pervasive geo-security - a lightweight triple-A approach to securing distributed geo-service infrastructures

Security has recently become a major concern in distributed geo-infrastructures for spatial data provision.Thus,a lightweight approach for securing distributed low-power environments such as geo-sensor networks is needed.The first part of this article presents a survey of current security mechanisms for authentication and authorisation.Based on this survey,a lightweight and scalable token-based security infrastructure was developed,which is tailored for use in distributed geo-web service infrastructures.The developed security framework comprises dedicated components for authentication,rule-based authorisation and optimised storage and administration of access rules.For validation purposes,a prototypical implementation of the approach has been created.