Digital Development Rights in Developing Countries:Where the Governance Rules for Cross-Border Data Flows

The digital development rights in developing countries are based on establishing a new international economic order and ensuring equal participation in the digital globalization process to achieve people's well-rounded development in the digital society.The relationship between cross-border data flows and the realization of digital development rights in developing countries is quite complex.Currently,developing countries seek to safeguard their existing digital interests through unilateral regulation to protect data sovereignty and multilateral regulation for cross-border data cooperation.However,developing countries still have to face internal conflicts between national digital development rights and individual and corporate digital development rights during the process of realizing digital development rights.They also encounter external contradictions such as developed countries interfering with developing countries'data sovereignty,developed countries squeezing the policy space of developing countries through dominant rules,and developing countries having conflicts between domestic and international rules.This article argues that balancing openness and security on digital trade platforms is the optimal solution for developing countries to realize their digital development rights.The establishment of WTO digital trade rules should inherently reflect the fundamental demands of developing countries in cross-border data flows.At the same time,given China's dual role as a digital powerhouse and a developing country,it should actively promote the realization of digital development rights in developing countries.

Digital Development

THE president of the Guinean National Communications Council, Martine Conde, had a busy but fruitful trip to China in June this year. She attended the Fourth African Digital TV Development Seminar where delegates and oF flcials discussed how best to further expand the coverage of digital TV and build a friendly industrial environment for digitalization. She also took the opportunity to lobby for investments to develop Guinea＇s digital projects. To her satisfaction, the Export-Import Bank of China expressed willingness to cooperate in the area.

Socio-economic development of countries based on the Composite Country Development Index(CCDI)

World experience indicates the existence of significant imbalances in the development of countries.The problem of assessing the rational development of the regional and national economy is becoming urgent,since such assessments can prevent development imbalances across countries.The aim of this study is to elaborate a methodology to assess the countries’socio-economic development by integraring 12 modern indices of socio-economic development into the Composite Country Development Index(CCDI).The methodology of this research was based on a set of key indices that described socio-economic development level in four fields(social development,digital development,economic development,and environmental security)and then these indices were integrated into the CCDI.The study further applied factor analysis and R-Studio software to define the gaps of social and economic development in 59 selected countries using the trigonometric function of the angle sine.The correlation analysis confirmed the existence of a close interrelation among the studied countries.This paper noted that due to the emergence of new priorities,it is necessary to revise the assessment methodology of socio-economic development level and expand them to cover the decisive factors.This was confirmed by the results obtained,demonstrating various combinations of the development level in the four fields and their impact on the CCDI.The scientific contribution of this research is to form a methodology(e.g.,the CCDI)for evaluating the socio-economic development level of countries in the world.

Global Memory Net and the development of digital image information management system: Experience and practice

Global Memory Net (GMNet) is intended to be an effective gateway to the world cultural, historical, and heritage image collections from selected academic educational and research partners in the world. Much of these unique collections of great value to education and research are not currently accessible due to distance, form, and technical barriers. This project is to find new ways to enable users to access and exploit these significant research collections via global network. As GMNet is ending its first 5-year phase in October 2005, it has contributed substantially to the community building in digital library development by ac- commodating numerous collaborators and technical staff from various parts of the world to spend 3 to 5 months as a full-member of the GMNet team in Boston. They have come from different parts of China—such as Sichuan, Hainan, Shanghai and Xi’an; Croatia; and Hanoi, Vietnam. In addition to contribute to the overall system development and enhancement of system function- alities, they have brought valuable sample image collections of their own institutions/countries, and actually developed prototype collections as a part of GMNet. This paper describes the exciting and productive experience of the first of this visiting research group in developing the GMNet’s Version 2.0 PHP-based system under Prof. Chen’s overall supervision. It also describes both the system’s technical level structure—user/Web-based application/data, and complex functionalities with multi-collection, multi-lingual, multi-modal searching capabilities; system management capabilities; as well as provisions for user uploads and retrieval for our own projects. This Version 2.0 system is built on the Linux/Apache/PHP/MySQL platform. What is described in this paper is an actual case which has formed a base for further new development by others in the research group. It demonstrates fully the value of the synergistic collaboration among global partners for universal digital library development. More information can be found in http://www.memorynet.org/.

Exploring the Promises and Challenges of Urban Air Mobility (UAM)

This paper is focused on a higher-level report of a new generation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) technologies. Starting from the structural scalability of civil tiltrotors, design strategy and requirements for UAVs, and advanced composite materials, the increased speed and productivity requirements for tiltrotors have spawned several investigations associated with proprotor aero elastic stability augmentation and aerodynamic performance enhancements. The research emphasized the Large Civil Tilt Rotor as the configuration with the best potential to meet the technology goals, and the design, including the challenges of the Large Civil Tilt Rotor (LCTR). The design presented was economically competitive, with the potential for substantial impact on the air transportation system. The research includes some manufacturers of helicopters, drones and tiltrotors carrying out design studies and production of prototypes, as well as research projects aimed at designing, manufacturing, qualifying, and flight-testing the new wing of the Next-Generation Civil Tiltrotor Technology Demonstrator. Promises of Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft, UAVs, Digitalization of Urban Air Mobility (UAM), and the “U-space” concept are discussed in the paper. The eight SUMP principles and possibilities of future advancements are emphasized.

Software Development for the Management of CAD Drawings

A software for the management of computer aided design（CAD） drawings was developed. It can be used to classify and register information including geometric features of the drawings, and to search appropriate reference drawings matching the given conditions of a new design. The thumbnails of the drawings can be displayed in an order of preference and can be used to zoom and access the PDF file or CAD data of a selected drawing. The thumbnails and the data structure are two key elements of the software.

Optimization of fault management system in power plants based on DD-RCM and TPN

A method of optimizing the fault management system in power plants based on DD-RCM （resultchain based modeling for digital developing） and TPN （temporal Petri net） is proposed. First, the model of the fault management system was set using DD-RCM. Then, it was transformed to the temporal Petri net model by corresponding rules. Secondly, relationships among all the activities, such as choice, conflict, synchronization and concurrency, were confirmed according to the Petri net model and described employing the reengineering algorithm of incidence matrix. Thirdly, the Petri net model was reduced by combining reduction rules and conflict, synchronization relationships to optimize the fault management system in power plants. Finally, the functionality of the reduced net was proved by the temporal logic of the temporal Petri net.

New directions of digitally driven S&T evaluation

Science and Technology(S&T)evaluation plays a baton role in developing science and technology innovation.However,traditional S&T evaluation indicators and methods are difficult to apply effectively in S&T evaluation practice.This paper analyzes the transformation of the S&T evaluation paradigm in the digital environment.Theories,methods,and tools of S&T evaluation research are continuously innovated and optimized;big data becomes the driving force of S&T evaluation development;the role played by S&T evaluation is shifting from a provider of statistical data and information to a participant in S&T decision-making activities.S&T evaluation research should focus on improving data retrieval and organization,knowledge mining and knowledge discovery,and intelligent evaluation models.Moreover,we suggest that scientists carry out S&T evaluation in agreement with the needs of S&T development:1)monitoring and sensing the development of science and technology in real-time with the help of emerging digital technologies;2)exploring solutions to major concerns such as technical project management mechanisms,utilizing advanced data science and digital technologies to identify important scientific frontiers,and leveraging big data in science of science to reveal patterns and characteristics of scientific structures and activities;3)carrying out problem-oriented evaluation research practice focused on four aspects,including intelligent project evaluation,evaluation of the critical technology competitiveness,talent assessment,and diagnostic evaluation of the research entity competitiveness.

New mode of universal access and Global Memory Net

In this digital era, we have witness the exciting convergence of content, technology, and global collaboration in the development of digital libraries. The mode of universal access for information seeking and knowledge acquisition differs greatly fi＇om the traditional ways. From the information resources point of views, the old model of“owning” a collection has given way to “sharing,” and the new emphases have shifted fi＇om possessing large “physical libraries” to “virtual libraries” digitally distributed all over the world. “Universal access” has taken on a very different meaning when one has the ability to share invaluable resources through the use of cutting edge technologies. The author has experienced much of these transformations through her own R＆D activities-from the creation of interactive videodisc and multimedia CD on the First Emperor of China＇s terracotta warriors and horses in the 1980s and 1990s to leading a current international digital library project, Global Memory Net （GMNet）, supported by the US National Science Foundation. In presenting her vision for linking world digital resources together for universal access, she will share with the audience the latest development of Global Memory Net.

CPC Central Committee and State Council Issue Outline of Digital Village Development Strategy

On May 16,2019,the CPC Central Committee and the State Council issued Outline of Digital Village Development Strategy(shortened into the Outline in the following part),together with a notice requiring discreet implementation by related departments in all areas.The Outline points out that by 2020,a primary progress should be achieved in the field of digital village construction.The coverage rate of 4G in administrative villages of the country should be more than 98%,and the popularization rate of internet connection should be significantly promoted in the rural area.

How Does Digital Finance Promote Household Consumption:An Analysis Based on Micro Survey Data

The inexorable rise of digital finance has lead to huge changes in consumption patterns.Under this background,we match the index of Digital Financial Inclusion with data of the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)to explore the relationship between digital finance and household consumption.Firstly,based on sub-sample empirical analysis,we find that digital finance has helped increase urban household consumption,especially the basic consumption related to life,in China.Secondly,we discuss the mechanism of digital finance to promote household consumption,concluding that the payment convenience of digital finance has accelerated household consumption decisions,thereby promoting consumption growth.Moreover,digital finance can also promote household consumption by reducing the uncertainty faced by family.

From Paper to Internet:Academic Libraries in Transition

This paper examines the current trends, challenges, and issues facing all libraries, and discusses the strategies that academic libraries, in particular, are taking to transform their services, manage their organizations, and preserve their digital assets. It demonstrates how a network of distributed services, resource sharing, co-investment, and access integration contributes to sustainable library development.