Digital technology provides a method of quantitative investigation and data analysis for contemporary landscape spatial analysis,and related research is moving from image recognition to digital algorithmic analysis,pr...Digital technology provides a method of quantitative investigation and data analysis for contemporary landscape spatial analysis,and related research is moving from image recognition to digital algorithmic analysis,providing a more scientific and macroscopic way of research.The key to refinement design is to refine the spatial design process and the spatial improvement strategy system.Taking the ancient city of Zhaoyu in Qixian County,Shanxi Province as an example,(1)based on obtaining the integrated data of the ancient city through the drone tilt photography,the style and landscape of the ancient city are modeled;(2)the point cloud data with spatial information is imported into the point cloud analysis platform and the data analysis is carried out from the overall macroscopic style of the ancient city to the refinement level,which results in the formation of a more intuitive landscape design scheme,thus improving the precision and practicability of the landscape design;(3)Based on spatial big data,it starts from the spatial aggregation level,spatial distribution characteristics and other evaluation index system to achieve the refinement analysis of the site.Digital technology and methods are used throughout the process to explore the refined design path.展开更多
Digital city is a synthetic project in which large geographic and trade data are involved in, thus data sharing becomes a key problem. Grid GIS is an outcome of integrating GIS and network techniques, it has a lot of ...Digital city is a synthetic project in which large geographic and trade data are involved in, thus data sharing becomes a key problem. Grid GIS is an outcome of integrating GIS and network techniques, it has a lot of characteristic of network technique such as heterogeneous, extensible, dynamic auto-adaptable, the multistage management, etc. The advantages of parallel processing of grid computing are obvious when it is used in basic data platform construction of digital city. The architecture and core techniques of Grid GIS which suitable for constructing basic data platform of digital city was discussed, it has some guidance effects to the city information building.展开更多
This paper first introduces the background and basic concept of digital twin city,then analyzes the relationship between digital twin city and smart city.Next,it introduces the primary supporting technologies for the ...This paper first introduces the background and basic concept of digital twin city,then analyzes the relationship between digital twin city and smart city.Next,it introduces the primary supporting technologies for the construction of a digital twin city,and finally summarizes the current application status and development trends regarding digital twin city.The authors argue that digital twin technology will face challenges in regards to data,basic knowledge base,system integration,and talent issues if it is to be more widely applied in the construction of the smart city.Additionally,the authors propose institutional and technical suggestions for solving these problems at the macro and micro levels.展开更多
Digital City has emerged gradually with the development of a global economy and global information. How to make development strategies for Digital City is becoming an important topic that deserves deeper research in b...Digital City has emerged gradually with the development of a global economy and global information. How to make development strategies for Digital City is becoming an important topic that deserves deeper research in both theory and practice. This paper mainly analyzes the connation of Digital City and the principles of developing strategies for Digital City. The conclusions of this paper can supply fundamental ideas and instructions for Digital City construction.展开更多
Based on the development status of ubiquitous network at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the characteristics of UI design inubiquitous network environment from the aspects of visual association, user experience a...Based on the development status of ubiquitous network at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the characteristics of UI design inubiquitous network environment from the aspects of visual association, user experience and interactive experience, taking the user experience asthe center, combining with the interaction characteristics of user interface and research the feasibility of UI design to shape digital city image.展开更多
Digital city, a large complex system, is comprised many subsystem of different fields. It involves common field data, flexible field processes, seamless intra-organization and inter-organization collaborations, and in...Digital city, a large complex system, is comprised many subsystem of different fields. It involves common field data, flexible field processes, seamless intra-organization and inter-organization collaborations, and increasing connectivity and interoperability between distributed or decentralized systems. All above these are involved Foundation Data of Digital city. To promote the sustainable development of Digital City, this paper investigates to the construction of Foundation Data Platform (FDP) from the view of the architecture. The paper introduces the conceptions, characteristics and underlying problems of the FDP, and discusses the key issues of the architecture paradigms what FDP might adopted via comparing Object-Oriented Architecture (OOA), Component-Based Architecture (CBA), and Service-based Architecture (SBA). The Process Embedded Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), one of the recent SOA Application Architecture is introduced. The results indicate that the Process Embedded SOA could promote the sustainable development of Digital City and accommodate the dynamic development environments of different fields which constantly changes requirements.展开更多
To understand the current application and development of 3D modeling in Digital Twins(DTs),abundant literatures on DTs and 3D modeling are investigated by means of literature review.The transition process from 3D mode...To understand the current application and development of 3D modeling in Digital Twins(DTs),abundant literatures on DTs and 3D modeling are investigated by means of literature review.The transition process from 3D modeling to DTs modeling is analyzed,as well as the current application of DTs modeling in various industries.The application of 3D DTs modeling in theelds of smartmanufacturing,smart ecology,smart transportation,and smart buildings in smart cities is analyzed in detail,and the current limitations are summarized.It is found that the 3D modeling technology in DTs has broad prospects for development and has a huge impact on all walks of life and even human lifestyles.At the same time,the development of DTs modeling relies on the development and support capabilities of mature technologies such as Big Data,Internet of Things,Cloud Computing,Articial Intelligence,and game technology.Therefore,although some results have been achieved,there are still limitations.This work aims to provide a good theoretical support for the further development of 3D DTs modeling.展开更多
Digital twins for wide-areas(DT-WA)can model and predict the physical world with high fidelity by incorporating an artificial intelligence(AI)model.However,the AI model requires an energy-consuming updating process to...Digital twins for wide-areas(DT-WA)can model and predict the physical world with high fidelity by incorporating an artificial intelligence(AI)model.However,the AI model requires an energy-consuming updating process to keep pace with the dynamic environment,where studies are still in infancy.To reduce the updating energy,this paper proposes a distributed edge cooperation and data collection scheme.The AI model is partitioned into multiple sub-models deployed on different edge servers(ESs)co-located with access points across wide-area,to update distributively using local sensor data.To reduce the updating energy,ESs can choose to become either updating helpers or recipients of their neighboring ESs,based on sensor quantities and basic updating convergencies.Helpers would share their updated sub-model parameters with neighboring recipients,so as to reduce the latter updating workload.To minimize system energy under updating convergency and latency constraints,we further propose an algorithm to let ESs distributively optimize their cooperation identities,collect sensor data,and allocate wireless and computing resources.It comprises several constraint-release approaches,where two child optimization problems are solved,and designs a largescale multi-agent deep reinforcement learning algorithm.Simulation shows that the proposed scheme can efficiently reduce updating energy compared with the baselines.展开更多
The concepts of “digital twins”, “3D real scene”, “metacosm” and others were the technical paths for building digital cities with the development of emerging surveying and mapping science and technology, which w...The concepts of “digital twins”, “3D real scene”, “metacosm” and others were the technical paths for building digital cities with the development of emerging surveying and mapping science and technology, which was to build a digital and virtualized city that matched the real physical world, to achieve a one-to-one correspondence between all elements of the physical world and the digital virtual world. And one of its basic geographic information data was a highly similar, virtual simulation of the 3D real scene. After exploring the traditional manual 3DsMax modeling, UAV low-altitude digital oblique photogrammetry modeling, airborne laser scanning modeling and other single modeling technologies, this paper discussed the 3D digital modeling technology used by the UAV airborne laser scanning point cloud and low-altitude digital oblique photogrammetry for complementary integration, constructing the 3D scene of the digital city. This paper expounded the technical route and production process of 3D digital modeling, in order to provide technical references for related projects.展开更多
Digital transformation in the AEC industry(Architecture,Engineering and Construction)is a key driver to enhance technical innovation in the branch and adds dynamic to all work processes and methods.A more differentiat...Digital transformation in the AEC industry(Architecture,Engineering and Construction)is a key driver to enhance technical innovation in the branch and adds dynamic to all work processes and methods.A more differentiated understanding of the responsible use of innovative technologies aims not only towards increased technical,environmental,educational,societal and gender equality sustainability and more efficient building life cycles but also to recognize the unintended effects such as artificial intelligence(AI).The study is part of a larger primary research on Corporate Digital Responsibility(CDR)in Construction 4.0.This identifies,analyzes and systematically evaluates key factors of a sustainable digital transformation,especially in the traditionally small-scale Construction Industry,in which there can be no standardized procedure.The study uses interdisciplinary literature and data research and expert interviews.The qualitative method enables a critical-reflexive analysis of the key factors of meaningful and sustainable implementation of innovative technologies in Construction.Application examples show possible approaches,some of which are implemented as prototypes and provide guidance for small to medium-sized companies.The study outlines the necessary steps for companies to define their own potential fields of application and find suitable methods.Another aim of the study is to take stock of the acceptance of new technologies by comparing different perspectives from experts.The study results show new perspectives on the transformation of the Construction Industry.They show that Digital Transformation in Construction 4.0 has great potential for an economical,efficient construction life cycle,but requires the responsible,sensible use of innovative technologies.展开更多
Part II on Best Practices in Construction 4.0 follows up on the previously published study Part I.This study examines corporate strategies from different angles,defines potential fields of application and works out ex...Part II on Best Practices in Construction 4.0 follows up on the previously published study Part I.This study examines corporate strategies from different angles,defines potential fields of application and works out existing empirical values and trends in the digitization process of the building sector.It highlights the unintended consequences of technological development and offers concrete practical approaches for responsible use.Using the qualitative research method,the study concludes that digital methods,such as Building Information Modelling(BIM)and Digital Twins,and Artificial Intelligence(AI)can add value,significantly reduce resources and increase sustainability.The study is part of a larger primary research on Corporate Digital Responsibility(CDR)in Construction 4.0;it identifies,analyzes and systematically evaluates the pillars of a sustainable digital transformation,especially in the Construction Industry.The holistic,interdisciplinary view of this study aims to provide orientation for small to medium-sized companies(SMEs)developing their individual digital strategy.An outline of the necessary prerequisites but also design options,as they result from the evaluation of expert interviews and literature research,supports companies in the design of Construction 4.0 that is in line with the needs of people,society and the environment and shaping more economically efficient building life cycles.It highlights that digital transformation has also reached the traditionally small-scale AEC industry(small-scale architecture,engineering and construction industry)and catalyzes the variety of innovations.展开更多
World-wide urbanization has significantly modified the landscape, which has important climatic implications across all scales due to the simultaneous removal of natural land cover and introduction of urban materials. ...World-wide urbanization has significantly modified the landscape, which has important climatic implications across all scales due to the simultaneous removal of natural land cover and introduction of urban materials. This resulted in a phenomenon known as an urban heat island(UHI). A study on the UHI in Xiamen of China was carried out using remote sensing technology. Satellite thermal infrared images were used to determine surface radiant temperatures. Thermal remote sensing data were obtained from band 6 of two Landsat TM/ETM\++ images of 1989 and 2000 to observe the UHI changes over 11-year period. The thermal infrared bands were processed through several image enhancement technologies. This generated two 3-dimension-perspective images of Xiamen's urban heat island in 1989 and 2000, respectively, and revealed heat characteristics and spatial distribution features of the UHI. To find out the change of the UHI between 1989 and 2000, the two thermal images were first normalized and scaled to seven grades to reduce seasonal difference and then overlaid to produce a difference image by subtracting corresponding pixels. The difference image showed an evident development of the urban heat island in the 11 years. This change was due largely to the urban expansion with a consequent alteration in the ratio of sensible heat flux to latent heat flux. To quantitatively compare UHI, an index called Urban-Heat-Island Ratio Index(URI) was created. It can reveal the intensity of the UHI within the urban area. The calculation of the index was based on the ratio of UHI area to urban area. The greater the index, the more intense the UHI was. The calculation of the index for the Xiamen City indicated that the ratio of UHI area to urban area in 2000 was less than that in 1989. High temperatures in several areas in 1989 were reduced or just disappeared, such as those in old downtown area and Gulangyu Island. For the potential mitigation of the UHI in Xiamen, a long-term heat island reduction strategy of planting shade trees and using light-colored, highly reflective roof and paving materials should be included in the plans of the city planers, environmental managers and other decision-makers to improve the overall urban environment in the future.展开更多
Under the co-promotion of the wave of urbanization and the rise of data science,smart cities have become the new concept and new practice of urban development.Smart cities are the combination of information technology...Under the co-promotion of the wave of urbanization and the rise of data science,smart cities have become the new concept and new practice of urban development.Smart cities are the combination of information technology represented by the Internet of Things,cloud computing,mobile networks and big data,and urbanization.How to effectively achieve the long-term preservation of massive,heterogeneous,and multi-source digital electronic records in smart cities is a key issue thatmust be solved.Digital continuity can ensure the accessibility,integrity and availability of information.The quality management of electronic record,like the quality management of product,will run through every phase of the urban lifecycle.Based on data quality management,this paper constructs digital continuity of smart city electronic records.Furthermore,thework in this paper ensures the authenticity,integrity,availability and timeliness of electronic documents by quality management of electronic record.This paper elaborates on the overall technical architecture of electronic record,as well as the various technical means needed to protect its four characteristics.展开更多
文摘Digital technology provides a method of quantitative investigation and data analysis for contemporary landscape spatial analysis,and related research is moving from image recognition to digital algorithmic analysis,providing a more scientific and macroscopic way of research.The key to refinement design is to refine the spatial design process and the spatial improvement strategy system.Taking the ancient city of Zhaoyu in Qixian County,Shanxi Province as an example,(1)based on obtaining the integrated data of the ancient city through the drone tilt photography,the style and landscape of the ancient city are modeled;(2)the point cloud data with spatial information is imported into the point cloud analysis platform and the data analysis is carried out from the overall macroscopic style of the ancient city to the refinement level,which results in the formation of a more intuitive landscape design scheme,thus improving the precision and practicability of the landscape design;(3)Based on spatial big data,it starts from the spatial aggregation level,spatial distribution characteristics and other evaluation index system to achieve the refinement analysis of the site.Digital technology and methods are used throughout the process to explore the refined design path.
基金This work is supported by the MIC ( Ministry of Information and Communication) , Korea ,under the ITRC(Information Technology Research Center) support program supervised by the IITA (Institute of Information Technology Assess-ment) .
文摘Digital city is a synthetic project in which large geographic and trade data are involved in, thus data sharing becomes a key problem. Grid GIS is an outcome of integrating GIS and network techniques, it has a lot of characteristic of network technique such as heterogeneous, extensible, dynamic auto-adaptable, the multistage management, etc. The advantages of parallel processing of grid computing are obvious when it is used in basic data platform construction of digital city. The architecture and core techniques of Grid GIS which suitable for constructing basic data platform of digital city was discussed, it has some guidance effects to the city information building.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071441)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB2100702)Spatio-temporal Information Cloud Platform Project of Smart Guangzhou(GZIT2016-A5-147)。
文摘This paper first introduces the background and basic concept of digital twin city,then analyzes the relationship between digital twin city and smart city.Next,it introduces the primary supporting technologies for the construction of a digital twin city,and finally summarizes the current application status and development trends regarding digital twin city.The authors argue that digital twin technology will face challenges in regards to data,basic knowledge base,system integration,and talent issues if it is to be more widely applied in the construction of the smart city.Additionally,the authors propose institutional and technical suggestions for solving these problems at the macro and micro levels.
文摘Digital City has emerged gradually with the development of a global economy and global information. How to make development strategies for Digital City is becoming an important topic that deserves deeper research in both theory and practice. This paper mainly analyzes the connation of Digital City and the principles of developing strategies for Digital City. The conclusions of this paper can supply fundamental ideas and instructions for Digital City construction.
文摘Based on the development status of ubiquitous network at home and abroad, this paper analyzes the characteristics of UI design inubiquitous network environment from the aspects of visual association, user experience and interactive experience, taking the user experience asthe center, combining with the interaction characteristics of user interface and research the feasibility of UI design to shape digital city image.
基金This work is supported by the MIC ( Ministry of Information and Communication) , Korea ,under the ITRC (Information Technology Research Center) support program supervised by the IITA(Institute of Information Technolo-gy Assessment)
文摘Digital city, a large complex system, is comprised many subsystem of different fields. It involves common field data, flexible field processes, seamless intra-organization and inter-organization collaborations, and increasing connectivity and interoperability between distributed or decentralized systems. All above these are involved Foundation Data of Digital city. To promote the sustainable development of Digital City, this paper investigates to the construction of Foundation Data Platform (FDP) from the view of the architecture. The paper introduces the conceptions, characteristics and underlying problems of the FDP, and discusses the key issues of the architecture paradigms what FDP might adopted via comparing Object-Oriented Architecture (OOA), Component-Based Architecture (CBA), and Service-based Architecture (SBA). The Process Embedded Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), one of the recent SOA Application Architecture is introduced. The results indicate that the Process Embedded SOA could promote the sustainable development of Digital City and accommodate the dynamic development environments of different fields which constantly changes requirements.
文摘To understand the current application and development of 3D modeling in Digital Twins(DTs),abundant literatures on DTs and 3D modeling are investigated by means of literature review.The transition process from 3D modeling to DTs modeling is analyzed,as well as the current application of DTs modeling in various industries.The application of 3D DTs modeling in theelds of smartmanufacturing,smart ecology,smart transportation,and smart buildings in smart cities is analyzed in detail,and the current limitations are summarized.It is found that the 3D modeling technology in DTs has broad prospects for development and has a huge impact on all walks of life and even human lifestyles.At the same time,the development of DTs modeling relies on the development and support capabilities of mature technologies such as Big Data,Internet of Things,Cloud Computing,Articial Intelligence,and game technology.Therefore,although some results have been achieved,there are still limitations.This work aims to provide a good theoretical support for the further development of 3D DTs modeling.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB1807900).
文摘Digital twins for wide-areas(DT-WA)can model and predict the physical world with high fidelity by incorporating an artificial intelligence(AI)model.However,the AI model requires an energy-consuming updating process to keep pace with the dynamic environment,where studies are still in infancy.To reduce the updating energy,this paper proposes a distributed edge cooperation and data collection scheme.The AI model is partitioned into multiple sub-models deployed on different edge servers(ESs)co-located with access points across wide-area,to update distributively using local sensor data.To reduce the updating energy,ESs can choose to become either updating helpers or recipients of their neighboring ESs,based on sensor quantities and basic updating convergencies.Helpers would share their updated sub-model parameters with neighboring recipients,so as to reduce the latter updating workload.To minimize system energy under updating convergency and latency constraints,we further propose an algorithm to let ESs distributively optimize their cooperation identities,collect sensor data,and allocate wireless and computing resources.It comprises several constraint-release approaches,where two child optimization problems are solved,and designs a largescale multi-agent deep reinforcement learning algorithm.Simulation shows that the proposed scheme can efficiently reduce updating energy compared with the baselines.
文摘The concepts of “digital twins”, “3D real scene”, “metacosm” and others were the technical paths for building digital cities with the development of emerging surveying and mapping science and technology, which was to build a digital and virtualized city that matched the real physical world, to achieve a one-to-one correspondence between all elements of the physical world and the digital virtual world. And one of its basic geographic information data was a highly similar, virtual simulation of the 3D real scene. After exploring the traditional manual 3DsMax modeling, UAV low-altitude digital oblique photogrammetry modeling, airborne laser scanning modeling and other single modeling technologies, this paper discussed the 3D digital modeling technology used by the UAV airborne laser scanning point cloud and low-altitude digital oblique photogrammetry for complementary integration, constructing the 3D scene of the digital city. This paper expounded the technical route and production process of 3D digital modeling, in order to provide technical references for related projects.
文摘Digital transformation in the AEC industry(Architecture,Engineering and Construction)is a key driver to enhance technical innovation in the branch and adds dynamic to all work processes and methods.A more differentiated understanding of the responsible use of innovative technologies aims not only towards increased technical,environmental,educational,societal and gender equality sustainability and more efficient building life cycles but also to recognize the unintended effects such as artificial intelligence(AI).The study is part of a larger primary research on Corporate Digital Responsibility(CDR)in Construction 4.0.This identifies,analyzes and systematically evaluates key factors of a sustainable digital transformation,especially in the traditionally small-scale Construction Industry,in which there can be no standardized procedure.The study uses interdisciplinary literature and data research and expert interviews.The qualitative method enables a critical-reflexive analysis of the key factors of meaningful and sustainable implementation of innovative technologies in Construction.Application examples show possible approaches,some of which are implemented as prototypes and provide guidance for small to medium-sized companies.The study outlines the necessary steps for companies to define their own potential fields of application and find suitable methods.Another aim of the study is to take stock of the acceptance of new technologies by comparing different perspectives from experts.The study results show new perspectives on the transformation of the Construction Industry.They show that Digital Transformation in Construction 4.0 has great potential for an economical,efficient construction life cycle,but requires the responsible,sensible use of innovative technologies.
文摘Part II on Best Practices in Construction 4.0 follows up on the previously published study Part I.This study examines corporate strategies from different angles,defines potential fields of application and works out existing empirical values and trends in the digitization process of the building sector.It highlights the unintended consequences of technological development and offers concrete practical approaches for responsible use.Using the qualitative research method,the study concludes that digital methods,such as Building Information Modelling(BIM)and Digital Twins,and Artificial Intelligence(AI)can add value,significantly reduce resources and increase sustainability.The study is part of a larger primary research on Corporate Digital Responsibility(CDR)in Construction 4.0;it identifies,analyzes and systematically evaluates the pillars of a sustainable digital transformation,especially in the Construction Industry.The holistic,interdisciplinary view of this study aims to provide orientation for small to medium-sized companies(SMEs)developing their individual digital strategy.An outline of the necessary prerequisites but also design options,as they result from the evaluation of expert interviews and literature research,supports companies in the design of Construction 4.0 that is in line with the needs of people,society and the environment and shaping more economically efficient building life cycles.It highlights that digital transformation has also reached the traditionally small-scale AEC industry(small-scale architecture,engineering and construction industry)and catalyzes the variety of innovations.
文摘World-wide urbanization has significantly modified the landscape, which has important climatic implications across all scales due to the simultaneous removal of natural land cover and introduction of urban materials. This resulted in a phenomenon known as an urban heat island(UHI). A study on the UHI in Xiamen of China was carried out using remote sensing technology. Satellite thermal infrared images were used to determine surface radiant temperatures. Thermal remote sensing data were obtained from band 6 of two Landsat TM/ETM\++ images of 1989 and 2000 to observe the UHI changes over 11-year period. The thermal infrared bands were processed through several image enhancement technologies. This generated two 3-dimension-perspective images of Xiamen's urban heat island in 1989 and 2000, respectively, and revealed heat characteristics and spatial distribution features of the UHI. To find out the change of the UHI between 1989 and 2000, the two thermal images were first normalized and scaled to seven grades to reduce seasonal difference and then overlaid to produce a difference image by subtracting corresponding pixels. The difference image showed an evident development of the urban heat island in the 11 years. This change was due largely to the urban expansion with a consequent alteration in the ratio of sensible heat flux to latent heat flux. To quantitatively compare UHI, an index called Urban-Heat-Island Ratio Index(URI) was created. It can reveal the intensity of the UHI within the urban area. The calculation of the index was based on the ratio of UHI area to urban area. The greater the index, the more intense the UHI was. The calculation of the index for the Xiamen City indicated that the ratio of UHI area to urban area in 2000 was less than that in 1989. High temperatures in several areas in 1989 were reduced or just disappeared, such as those in old downtown area and Gulangyu Island. For the potential mitigation of the UHI in Xiamen, a long-term heat island reduction strategy of planting shade trees and using light-colored, highly reflective roof and paving materials should be included in the plans of the city planers, environmental managers and other decision-makers to improve the overall urban environment in the future.
基金the NSFC (Nos. 61772280, 62072249)the AIrecognition scoring system of weather map (No. SYCX202011)+1 种基金the national training programsof innovation and entrepreneurship for undergraduates (Nos. 201910300123Y, 202010300200)the PAPD fund from NUIST. Jinyue Xia is the corresponding author.
文摘Under the co-promotion of the wave of urbanization and the rise of data science,smart cities have become the new concept and new practice of urban development.Smart cities are the combination of information technology represented by the Internet of Things,cloud computing,mobile networks and big data,and urbanization.How to effectively achieve the long-term preservation of massive,heterogeneous,and multi-source digital electronic records in smart cities is a key issue thatmust be solved.Digital continuity can ensure the accessibility,integrity and availability of information.The quality management of electronic record,like the quality management of product,will run through every phase of the urban lifecycle.Based on data quality management,this paper constructs digital continuity of smart city electronic records.Furthermore,thework in this paper ensures the authenticity,integrity,availability and timeliness of electronic documents by quality management of electronic record.This paper elaborates on the overall technical architecture of electronic record,as well as the various technical means needed to protect its four characteristics.