[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect the protective effect of abscisic acid on chilling injury of Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop,and whether this effect is related to antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustmen...[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect the protective effect of abscisic acid on chilling injury of Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop,and whether this effect is related to antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment.[Methods]D.sanguinalis plants were sprayed with abscisic acid solution,and exposed to cold stress at 15℃for 3 d after one day and then at 5℃for 25 to 30 d in a growth chamber.The changes of plant osmotic potential under this treatment were detected.[Results]Under low temperature stress,the osmotic potential of plants in the abscisic acid treatment and the control increased,but the osmotic potential level of the abscisic acid treatment plants was lower.The SOD activity of plants in the ABA treatment and the control decreased under low temperature stress.Under low temperature stress,the activity of catalase and peroxidase in ABA-treated plants was higher than that in control plants.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the impact of abscisic acid on the physiological response of D.sanguinalis to cold injury.展开更多
Digitaria sanguinalis is an annual worst weed in the grass family that occurs in all parts of China.It mainly does harm to dryland crops and direct-sowing rice fields.In agricultural production,chemical herbicides are...Digitaria sanguinalis is an annual worst weed in the grass family that occurs in all parts of China.It mainly does harm to dryland crops and direct-sowing rice fields.In agricultural production,chemical herbicides are mainly used to control them,but the problems of environmental pollution and drug resistance caused by chemical herbicides have become more and more severe,which is in urgent need of integrated management.In this paper,the biological characteristics,chemical control,microbial control and allelopathy of D.sanguinalis were reviewed.展开更多
Rice false smut is caused by ascomycete Villosiclava virens, whose potential alternative hosts have been assumed previ- ously. Here its potential alternative hosts were surveyed and identified from 2008 to 2013 in the...Rice false smut is caused by ascomycete Villosiclava virens, whose potential alternative hosts have been assumed previ- ously. Here its potential alternative hosts were surveyed and identified from 2008 to 2013 in the main rice-growing regions in China. Two common weeds in paddy fields, Digitaria sanguinalis Scop. and Echinochloa crusgalli （L.） Beauv., were found to present the similar symptoms to smut diseases in a few individuals in 2012 and 2013 in Zhejiang and Sichuan provinces of China, respectively. After the examinations of the spore morphology, their infection and extension mode in hosts, pathogen cell wall components, and molecular identification, the two pathogens were identified to be the Basidiomycetes, Ustilago syntherismae and Ustilago trichophora, respectively. So far there has been no alternative host of V. virens to be identified in China. These suggest that the alternative hosts of V. virens, if they do exist, are not possible to play an important role in the pathogen life cycle and the disease epidemics.展开更多
Safeners are an important tool used to ensure the safe using of herbicide. This research was conducted to determine the effects of nicosulfuron alone and in combination with herbicide safeners on waxy maize （Zea mays...Safeners are an important tool used to ensure the safe using of herbicide. This research was conducted to determine the effects of nicosulfuron alone and in combination with herbicide safeners on waxy maize （Zea mays L. var. ceratina Kulesh） injury, as well as on barnyard grass （Echinochioa crus-galli） and large crabgrass control （Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop）. Whole-plant experiments were conducted under laboratory condition, by using post emergence treatment with safeners and nicosulfuron. The results showed that the herbicide safeners isoxadifen-ethyl （IE） and cyprosulfamide （CS） were more effective in reducing waxy maize injury from nicosulfuron than fenchlorazole-ethyl （FE）, cloquintocet-mexyl （CM） and mefenpyr-diethyl （MD）. Whole-plant dose-response experiments showed that nicosulfuron in combination with IE or CS increased its herbicidal activities against barnyard grass and large crabgrass. To confirm the result, a mixture of IE or CS and nicosulfuron were sprayed on waxy maize in the field, by using a backpack plot sprayer with a flat-fan nozzle. The mixture led to lower phytotoxicity than nicosulfuron alone. The mixture tested did not affect the maize grain weight. The results showed that IE and CS could enhance crop safety and extend the use of nicosulfuron on waxy maize.展开更多
为明确27%苯唑·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂对玉米田马唐的防除效果,采用田间药效试验方法评价了其在田间的综合表现。结果表明:27%苯唑·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂在使用剂量为405、486、607.5、810 g a.i./hm^(2)时,对供试玉米品种均...为明确27%苯唑·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂对玉米田马唐的防除效果,采用田间药效试验方法评价了其在田间的综合表现。结果表明:27%苯唑·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂在使用剂量为405、486、607.5、810 g a.i./hm^(2)时,对供试玉米品种均无药害;且对供试玉米田马唐防除效果均较好,药后30 d马唐株防效可达90%以上,鲜重防效达95%以上,优于8%烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂、38%莠去津悬浮剂、30%苯唑草酮悬浮剂和15%硝磺草酮悬浮剂,建议于杂草分蘖前兑水均匀喷施,推荐使用剂量为486g a.i./hm^(2)。展开更多
【目的】探究马唐对旱直播稻生长和产量性状的影响以及其防治经济阈值,为旱直播稻田马唐的防除提供理论依据。【方法】以常规稻象牙香占为试验材料,设置1 m ^(2)独立池为1个小区,每小区播种旱直播稻32穴。对马唐设置8个不同密度(0(CK),2...【目的】探究马唐对旱直播稻生长和产量性状的影响以及其防治经济阈值,为旱直播稻田马唐的防除提供理论依据。【方法】以常规稻象牙香占为试验材料,设置1 m ^(2)独立池为1个小区,每小区播种旱直播稻32穴。对马唐设置8个不同密度(0(CK),2,4,8,16,32,64和128株/m^(2))处理,将其均匀种植在相邻4株旱直播稻的中心位置,每处理重复3次,随机区组排列,研究马唐密度对旱直播稻分蘖数、株高、田间透光率及产量性状的影响,采用不同回归模型拟合马唐密度(x)与水稻产量损失率(y)间的函数关系,并根据经济危害允许水平计算马唐在旱直播稻田的防治经济阈值。【结果】随着马唐密度的增加,旱直播稻的分蘖数、株高和田间透光率均明显下降;与CK相比,当马唐密度为128株/m^(2)时,旱直播稻播种后60 d的分蘖数减少了83.5%,播种后74 d的株高降低24.4%,播种后75 d的田间透光率(离地75 cm)降低80.91%。马唐对旱直播稻的有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率、千粒质量和产量均可造成影响,当马唐密度为2~128株/m^(2)时,旱直播稻产量损失率为5.95%~90.92%。相关性分析结果表明,马唐密度与旱直播稻的有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率、千粒质量和产量均呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。指数函数y=91.7837(1^(-e-0.0525 x))更好地拟合了马唐密度(x)与旱直播稻产量损失率(y)之间的关系。结合不同除草方式的经济危害允许水平,人工防除马唐的经济阈值为3.79株/m^(2),植保无人机和背负式喷雾器喷施10%噁唑酰草胺防治马唐的经济阈值分别为0.63和1.06株/m^(2)。【结论】马唐可通过影响旱直播稻的生长和产量性状导致旱直播稻严重减产,利用植保无人机防治马唐具有明显的经济优势,其防治经济阈值为0.63株/m^(2)。展开更多
基金Supported by Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Planning Project (2023NK4289).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to detect the protective effect of abscisic acid on chilling injury of Digitaria sanguinalis(L.)Scop,and whether this effect is related to antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment.[Methods]D.sanguinalis plants were sprayed with abscisic acid solution,and exposed to cold stress at 15℃for 3 d after one day and then at 5℃for 25 to 30 d in a growth chamber.The changes of plant osmotic potential under this treatment were detected.[Results]Under low temperature stress,the osmotic potential of plants in the abscisic acid treatment and the control increased,but the osmotic potential level of the abscisic acid treatment plants was lower.The SOD activity of plants in the ABA treatment and the control decreased under low temperature stress.Under low temperature stress,the activity of catalase and peroxidase in ABA-treated plants was higher than that in control plants.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the impact of abscisic acid on the physiological response of D.sanguinalis to cold injury.
基金Supported by the Open Fund for the Innovation Platform of Colleges and Universities in Hunan Province(15K066,16K047)the Training Program for the Industrialization of Colleges and Universities in Hunan Province(13CY030)
文摘Digitaria sanguinalis is an annual worst weed in the grass family that occurs in all parts of China.It mainly does harm to dryland crops and direct-sowing rice fields.In agricultural production,chemical herbicides are mainly used to control them,but the problems of environmental pollution and drug resistance caused by chemical herbicides have become more and more severe,which is in urgent need of integrated management.In this paper,the biological characteristics,chemical control,microbial control and allelopathy of D.sanguinalis were reviewed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271999)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (200903039-5)
文摘Rice false smut is caused by ascomycete Villosiclava virens, whose potential alternative hosts have been assumed previ- ously. Here its potential alternative hosts were surveyed and identified from 2008 to 2013 in the main rice-growing regions in China. Two common weeds in paddy fields, Digitaria sanguinalis Scop. and Echinochloa crusgalli （L.） Beauv., were found to present the similar symptoms to smut diseases in a few individuals in 2012 and 2013 in Zhejiang and Sichuan provinces of China, respectively. After the examinations of the spore morphology, their infection and extension mode in hosts, pathogen cell wall components, and molecular identification, the two pathogens were identified to be the Basidiomycetes, Ustilago syntherismae and Ustilago trichophora, respectively. So far there has been no alternative host of V. virens to be identified in China. These suggest that the alternative hosts of V. virens, if they do exist, are not possible to play an important role in the pathogen life cycle and the disease epidemics.
文摘Safeners are an important tool used to ensure the safe using of herbicide. This research was conducted to determine the effects of nicosulfuron alone and in combination with herbicide safeners on waxy maize （Zea mays L. var. ceratina Kulesh） injury, as well as on barnyard grass （Echinochioa crus-galli） and large crabgrass control （Digitaria sanguinalis L. Scop）. Whole-plant experiments were conducted under laboratory condition, by using post emergence treatment with safeners and nicosulfuron. The results showed that the herbicide safeners isoxadifen-ethyl （IE） and cyprosulfamide （CS） were more effective in reducing waxy maize injury from nicosulfuron than fenchlorazole-ethyl （FE）, cloquintocet-mexyl （CM） and mefenpyr-diethyl （MD）. Whole-plant dose-response experiments showed that nicosulfuron in combination with IE or CS increased its herbicidal activities against barnyard grass and large crabgrass. To confirm the result, a mixture of IE or CS and nicosulfuron were sprayed on waxy maize in the field, by using a backpack plot sprayer with a flat-fan nozzle. The mixture led to lower phytotoxicity than nicosulfuron alone. The mixture tested did not affect the maize grain weight. The results showed that IE and CS could enhance crop safety and extend the use of nicosulfuron on waxy maize.
文摘为明确27%苯唑·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂对玉米田马唐的防除效果,采用田间药效试验方法评价了其在田间的综合表现。结果表明:27%苯唑·莠去津可分散油悬浮剂在使用剂量为405、486、607.5、810 g a.i./hm^(2)时,对供试玉米品种均无药害;且对供试玉米田马唐防除效果均较好,药后30 d马唐株防效可达90%以上,鲜重防效达95%以上,优于8%烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂、38%莠去津悬浮剂、30%苯唑草酮悬浮剂和15%硝磺草酮悬浮剂,建议于杂草分蘖前兑水均匀喷施,推荐使用剂量为486g a.i./hm^(2)。
