Effects of Radix Puerariae, Radix Rehmanniae and Their Compatibility on Blood Glucose and Blood Lipids in Mice

[Objectives]To explore the effects of the compatibility of Radix Puerariae and Radix Rehmanniae on blood glucose and blood lipids in diabetic mouses.[Methods]Diabetic mouse model was established.The body weight and fasting blood glucose of mice were measured after 7 and 14 d of administration,and the biochemical indicators of blood lipids(TC,HDL-C,and LDL-C)were detected after 14 d of administration.[Results]Compared with the Radix Puerariae group and Radix Rehmanniae group,the compatibility group(1:2)had the best hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and TC and LDL-C in the compatibility group(2:1)significantly decreased(P<0.05),while HDL-C in the compatibility group(1:1)significantly increased(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Radix Puerariae,Radix Rehmanniae and their combination can reduce the blood glucose of diabetic mice.The compatibility group(1:2)had a significant hypoglycemic effect(P<0.05),and LDL-C in the compatibility group(2:1)significantly declined,while HDL-C in the compatibility group(1:1)rose significantly.

Deciphering the potential mechanism of Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata for treating cancer-related anemia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology

Background:Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata(RRP,Shu Dihuang in Cinese)is a traditional Chinese herb with multiple pharmacological effects and is commonly used to treat blood deficiency syndrome,such as cancer-related anemia(CRA),alone or in combination with other herbs.However,its main active ingredients and mechanisms of action in treating CRA remain unknown.This study aims to elucidate RRP’s potential mechanism and main active components in treating CRA by using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology system.Methods:The main components of RRP were obtained by the TCMSP database and literature search,and active components and potential targets were obtained by the SwissADME and SwissTargetPridiction databases.CRA targets were collected through GeneCards,DisGeNET,and DrugBank databases.Protein-protein interaction networks of potential targets were constructed via STRING 11.5 and analyzed visually with Cytoscape 3.9.1.The Metascape platform was used for Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis,which were subsequently visualized with Cytoscape 3.9.1 or SangerBox platform.Moreover,Autodock Vina was used for the molecular docking of potential targets and main active ingredients that were visualized with PyMOL software.Results:In this study,31 main active ingredients of PPR were screened,and 155 related targets related to CRA were unearthed.Protein-protein interaction results showed that PPR’s core proteins for CRA intervention correlate to STAT3,SRC,MAPK3,MAPK1,PIK3R1,PIK3CA,and AKT.Multiple signaling pathways were closely related to the treatment of CRA intervened by PPR,including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway,HIF-1 signaling pathway,JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway,TNF-αsignaling,cytokine signaling pathway and NF-kappB signaling pathway,which are closely involved in the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cell and inflammatory response.Molecular docking results showed that these potential targets had good conformation with the core active components of RRP for treating CRA.Conclusion:This study revealed RRP’s main active components and potential molecular mechanisms in treating CRA,providing a reference for subsequent basic research.

The dynamic changes and mechanisms of Rehmanniae radix processing based on Maillard reaction

Background:Traditional Chinese medicines are usually processed before they are used for clinical treatment.This is done in a way associated with the Maillard reaction.Methods:Based on the Maillard reaction,this paper analyzed the degree of processing of rehmannia root(Rehmanniae radix)relative to the dynamic variation rules of Maillard reaction index parameters,including pH,A420,amino acids,and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.Furthermore,this study introduced thermal analysis techniques and pyrolysis kinetics to assess the influence of the correlation between processing raw rehmannia root and the Maillard reaction during carbonization.It then went through the whole process of transforming the raw material to end-product in order to explain the scientific connotation of processing it.Results:The results showed that each time rehmannia root was processed,its pH value and amino acid content decreased,while the A420 value and 5-HMF increased.Processing with wine shows a significant difference in these experimental indexes.The position and intensity of the maximum thermal weight loss rate peak of processed rehmannia root at different degrees of processing are different.Comprehensive quantitative 221±0.2°C for processed rehmannia root carbonization was the processing temperature limit.Moreover,the kinetic solution verified that the activation energy corresponding to the carbonization temperature was close to the maximum value of the activation energy of the whole carbonization process,and the optimal mechanism function was g(α)=((1−α)−1/3−1)2.Conclusion:The Maillard reaction occurred during the processing of rehmannia root mixed with carbonization.With each increase of the number of steaming and drying cycles involved in the processing,the level of Maillard reaction increased significantly.The wine-steaming method had a significant effect on the quality of the processed product.

Determination and Analysis of Flavonoid Contents in Different Batches of Dried Radix Rehmannia and Prepared Radix Rehmanniae

[Objectives] This study was conducted to understand Radix Rehmannia quality and provide reference for selection in application. [Methods] The contents of flavonoids in five batches of commercially available samples were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and the precision and reproducibility of the determination method were analyzed. [Results] The contents of flavonoids in different batches of Radix Rehmannia samples were not completely the same, but the differences were not large overall. The experiment results have good reliability. As a medicinal plant, the climate and soil conditions of the producing areas would have an impact on the quality of Radix Rehmannia. [Conclusions] The contents of flavonoids determined in Radix Rehmannia were relatively stable, the quality was basically the same, and the overall quality was good.

熟地黄-山茱萸药对通过PI3K/AKT通路对Aβ25-35诱导的N2a细胞凋亡的影响

目的研究熟地黄-山茱萸药对通过磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/AKT)信号通路对β-淀粉样蛋白(Aβ25-35)诱导小鼠脑神经瘤细胞株(N2a)细胞凋亡的抑制作用。方法以Aβ25-35(20μmol/L)处理N2a细胞构建阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease,AD)细胞模型,给予低、高浓度的熟地黄-山茱萸醇提物作用24 h。采用CCK8法测定细胞存活率,寻求最佳的Aβ25-35的诱导浓度;Hoechst 33342和Annexin V-FITC/PI染色检测细胞凋亡;比色法检测含半胱氨酸的天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶3(Caspase-3)活性;Western Blot法检测cleaved Caspase-3、p-PI3K、PI3K、p-AKT和AKT蛋白表达。结果与空白对照组比较,经过Aβ25-35处理后的N2a细胞凋亡率和Caspase-3蛋白表达及活性显著升高,p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT比值下降(P<0.05);给予低、高浓度的熟地黄-山茱萸醇提物作用24 h后,N2a细胞的凋亡率和Caspase-3蛋白表达及活性降低,p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT比值升高,与模型组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与低剂量组比,高剂量组N2a细胞的凋亡率和Caspase-3活性降低,p-AKT/AKT比值升高(P<0.05)。结论熟地黄-山茱萸醇提物可对Aβ25-35诱导的N2a细胞凋亡具有保护作用,其机制可能与促进PI3K/AKT信号通路有关。

生地黄产地与炮制加工技术研究进展

生地黄具有清热凉血、养阴生津等功效,主要用于温毒发斑、吐血衄血、内热消渴等。本文综述了近年来生地黄产地与炮制加工技术的研究进展,通过归纳总结,阐明了生地黄不同加工方式的科学内涵以及对药材品质的影响,提出了向联合干燥技术和产地与炮制一体化加工技术两个方向发展的理念,可为地黄产地加工和炮制方法的研究以及中药制药企业的绿色制造提供思考和借鉴。

熟地黄中促神经干细胞增殖活性的成分研究

目的 探究熟地黄中促进体外培养的神经干细胞(NSCs)增殖的活性成分。方法 采用系统溶剂萃取法及柱色谱法分离熟地黄各部位,CCK-8法测定熟地黄不同化学分离部位及活性部位所获化合物对NSCs增殖活性的影响。结果 熟地黄水提醇沉后水部位经大孔树脂、硅胶、聚酰胺分离后所得FrC5部分具有显著的促进NSCs增殖的活性(P<0.05)。FrC5部分按照溶解性不同分为FrC5-1和FrC5-2,FrC5-1部位相较于其他组别作用较强且与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),与对照组相比对NSCs的增殖率为75.85%。进一步分离得到2个化合物,根据MS、NMR数据及参考文献鉴定得出活性化合物为毛蕊花糖苷和异毛蕊花糖苷。毛蕊花糖苷对NSCs的增殖率为65.04%,异毛蕊花糖苷对NSCs的增殖率为35.86%。结论 毛蕊花糖苷和异毛蕊花糖苷可能是熟地黄中促进NSCs增殖的主要活性成分。

基于LC-MS法研究百合地黄汤单煎及共煎液中化学成分变化

目的测定仲景古方百合地黄汤水煎液成分,并对鲜百合和鲜地黄的水煎液所含成分进行对比,为优化百合地黄汤提取工艺提供初步依据。方法以液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)技术为基础,定性分析百合地黄汤水煎液所含化学成分并进行归属及聚类分析,同时对百合水煎液、地黄汁所含化学成分进行比对。结果百合水煎液、鲜地黄汁中分别检测到35种、36种化学成分;古法煎煮后,在百合地黄汤水煎液中发现69种化学成分,其中有机酸类16种、糖类及苷类共6种、氨基酸及多肽类共8种、生物碱类3种;其中有8种物质为原百合水煎液与地黄汁共有,较两种原煎液新产生36种物质,且抗抑郁有效成分毛蕊花糖苷仅存在于共煎液中。结论古法百合地黄汤共煎液中抗抑郁有效成分比单煎液丰富,有助于抗抑郁有效成分的提取,LC-MS技术适用于复方提取液的含量测定,通过此研究,构建了基于质谱技术的中药复方化学物质组成表征的指纹图谱。

5-HMF高效液相色谱检测方法的建立及功能糖与不同产地党参、何首乌和熟地中5-HMF含量分析

本试验旨在建立5-羟甲基糠醛(5-hydroxymethylfurfural,5-HMF)的高效液相色谱检测方法,检测不同产地党参、制首乌、熟地黄以及5个不同批次功能糖中5-HMF含量。采用C_(18)(4.6 mm×250.0 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离,流动相为甲醇-水(8∶92),流速为1.0 mL/min,柱温为30℃,进样量为10μL,紫外检测器,检测波长为280 nm。经方法学考察,显示该方法线性关系良好;精密度试验测定峰面积RSD平均值为1.438%;重复性试验显示HPLC重复性良好;稳定性试验峰面积RSD范围为1.338%~7.307%;加标回收率显示良好。中药及功能糖5-HMF含量检测结果显示,党参、制首乌和熟地黄相比,熟地黄中5-HMF含量较高,党参中5-HMF含量较低,其中又以河北产熟地黄中5-HMF含量最高。不同批次功能糖中5-HMF含量无显著性差异,但其含量是河北产熟地黄的90~100倍。通过现代化技术,用功能糖成功复制了中药中的活性成分5-HMF,降低了其生产成本,具有良好的发展前景。

Jiaohong pills attenuate neuroinflammation and amyloid-βprotein-induced cognitive deficits by modulating the mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor kappa-B pathway

Background:Jiaohong pills(JHP)consist of Pericarpium Zanthoxyli(PZ)and Radix Rehmanniae,two herbs that have been extensively investigated over many years due to their potential protective effects against cognitive decline and memory impairment.However,the precise mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects remain elusive.Here,research studies were conducted to investigate and validate the therapeutic effects of JHP on Alzheimer's disease.Methods:BV-2 cell inflammation was induced by lipopolysaccharide.AD mice were administered amyloid-β(Aβ).Behavioral experiments were used to evaluate learning and memory ability.The levels of nitric oxide(NO),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and interleukin-10(IL-10)were detected using enzymelinked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)and the phosphorylation level of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)were detected using Western blot.Nissl staining was used to detect neuronal degeneration.Results:The results demonstrated that an alcoholic extract of PZ significantly decreased the levels of NO,IL-1β,TNF-α,and iNOS;increased the expression level of IL-10;and significantly decreased the phosphorylation levels of MAPK and NF-κB.These inhibitory effects were further confirmed in the AD mouse model.Meanwhile,JHP improved learning and memory function in AD mice,reduced neuronal damage,and enriched the Nissl bodies in the hippocampus.Moreover,IL-1βand TNF-αin the cortex were significantly downregulated after JHP administration,whereas IL-10showed increased expression.Conclusions:It was found that JHP reduced neuroinflammatory response in AD mice by targeting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

石菖蒲-熟地黄对认知功能障碍模型大鼠的网络药理学作用机制及实验研究

目的:探究石菖蒲-熟地黄对认知功能障碍模型大鼠学习记忆力的影响及作用机制,并进行实验验证。方法:在中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)、人类基因数据库(GeneCards)、在线人类孟德尔遗传数据库(OMIM)中获取石菖蒲-熟地黄药对治疗认知功能障碍的潜在作用靶点,并构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(PPI)网络,在生物学信息注释库(DAVID)分析平台中对共同靶点进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路富集分析。基于网络药理学预测结果,用动物实验进行验证。采用双侧脑室注射脂多糖(LPS)的方法模拟中枢神经炎症损伤引起的认知障碍模型,连续灌胃给药8周,假手术组予以注射等量生理盐水。Morris水迷宫观察各组大鼠空间学习记忆力的变化情况;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测大鼠血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)含量;蛋白质印迹法(Western Blotting)检测Toll样受体4/核因子κB(TLR4/NF-κB)通路相关蛋白含量。结果:从石菖蒲-熟地黄药对中筛选到26个有效成分,疾病相关靶点64个,涉及晚期糖基化终末产物-晚期糖基化终末产物受体(AGE-RAGE)信号通路、TNF信号通路、白细胞介素17(IL-17)信号通路、Toll样受体通路、NF-κB信号通路等5条主要信号通路。动物实验结果显示,石菖蒲-熟地黄中、高剂量组大鼠逃避潜伏期明显缩短(P<0.05),在目标象限停留时间明显延长(P<0.05),TNF-α的表达水平明显降低(P<0.05);石菖蒲-熟地黄低、中、高剂量组能显著降低TLR4、p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65、IL-6的表达(P<0.05)。结论:石菖蒲-熟地黄可能通过TLR4/NF-κB通路减少炎症介质释放,抑制神经炎症来干预认知功能障碍的发生发展,为该药对抗认知功能障碍有效成分的开发和运用提供了方向。

熟地黄治疗绝经后骨质疏松症骨代谢紊乱的“性-效-用”特点探讨

绝经后骨质疏松症是一种以骨吸收-骨形成耦联失衡为基本发病机制的全身性代谢性疾病,属中医“骨痿”范畴。基于中医学理论,骨痿为病,以“筋骨肉病在外,肝脾肾虚在内”为主要病机特点。熟地黄之效在脏表现为补肝脾肾,补血滋阴,益精;在体表现为填骨髓、长肌肉、通利血脉。基于现代研究结果,熟地黄治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的作用是多种有效物质共同作用的结果,其可能通过多环节、多靶点调控骨吸收和骨形成的耦联。本文通过梳理国内外文献,从熟地黄的“性-效-用”特点3个维度,结合中医“五脏一体观理论”的认识,归纳及探讨熟地黄治疗绝经后骨质疏松症骨代谢紊乱的作用机制,旨在贯彻中药现代化研究的中西医结合研究范式,为更好地研究熟地黄治疗绝经后骨质疏松症的作用机制和挖掘其临床药用价值提供参考。

经典名方玉女煎物质基准的薄层鉴别方法学研究

目的:建立经典名方玉女煎物质基准中熟地黄、知母、牛膝的薄层鉴别方法。方法:采用薄层色谱法,以毛蕊花糖苷、熟地黄对照药材以及芒果苷、知母对照药材为对照,建立玉女煎中熟地黄和知母的薄层鉴别方法;以齐墩果酸、牛膝对照药材为对照,建立玉女煎中牛膝的薄层鉴别方法,并对其进行方法学验证。结果:3种物质被很好地分离,现象明显,方法学考察结果良好。结论:该方法操作简便、结果准确,可作为3种物质的鉴别方法,用于玉女煎物质基准的质量控制。

《神农本草经》与经方应用之地黄篇

《神农本草经》(简称《本经》)记载“干地黄,味甘寒,主治折跌绝筋,伤中,逐血痹,填骨髓,长肌肉。作汤除寒热积聚,除痹。生者尤良”。以《本经》功效为纲,归类分析《伤寒论》《金匮要略》中相关方证,探讨地黄的实际临床功效,拓展地黄的临床应用范围。炙甘草汤之地黄,续绝筋;大黄蛰虫丸之地黄,逐血痹;肾气丸之地黄,填骨髓;薯蓣丸之地黄,长肌肉;百合地黄汤之地黄,除寒热积聚。除《本经》所载功效外,张仲景及后世医家运用地黄还有新发展:《金匮要略》之黄土汤、《温病条辨》之清营汤、《伤寒总病论》之大黄散、《石室秘录》之两地丹、《圣惠方》之地黄酒、《金匮翼》之小蓟饮子皆可体现地黄滋阴凉血止血作用;《金匮要略》之防己地黄汤、时方之大定风珠皆可体现生地黄滋阴养血息风之义;增液汤、益胃汤、一贯煎、百合固金汤之生地黄养阴生津以速救脏腑内燥。从《本经》原文内容出发,推演经方的用药配伍,探讨地黄的实际临床功效,有利于拓展地黄的临床应用范围。

基于AHP-CRITIC复合熵权法和灰色关联度分析的生地黄炒炭工艺优选

目的:筛选生地黄炭的最佳炮制工艺参数,为生地黄炭质量控制提供综合评价模型。方法:以生地黄炭饮片6个有效成分(梓醇、地黄苷D、焦地黄苯乙醇苷A1、毛蕊花糖苷、异毛蕊花糖苷、5-羟甲基糠醛)的质量分数、吸附力、得率和外观性状评分共9个评价指标,采用L_(9)(3^(4))正交试验设计和单因素考察,结合层次分析法(AHP)-指标权重确定方法(CRITIC)复合熵权确定各评价指标的权重系数,以直观分析、方差分析及复合熵权法结合灰色关联度分析法对正交试验结果进行综合评价,优选生地黄炭最佳炮制工艺。结果:优选的生地黄炭最佳炮制工艺参数为:温度200℃,炒制20 min,转速25 Hz。结论:AHP-CRITIC复合熵权法和灰色关联度分析法结合正交试验进行生地黄炭炮制工艺优化,各指标权重系数客观且真实,优选的炒炭工艺稳定可行,重复性良好,可以为生地黄炭炮制工艺标准及质量标准的建立提供试验依据。

THE EFFECT OF DECOCTION REHMANNIA ON THE CYTOCHEMICAL COMPONENTS OF THE LOCAL CEREBRUM, HYPOTHALAMUS AND ADRENAL GLAND OF EXPERIMENTAL CEREBRAL EMBOLISM

There have been fairly good effects ofDecoction Rehmannia(地黄饮子)in treat-ing stroke syndromes.The model of theexperimental cerebral embolism has been es-tablished and the morphological andcytochemical changes of the effect of

熟地黄多糖对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用研究

【目的】研究熟地黄多糖对环磷酰胺诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用,为熟地黄多糖用于临床治疗免疫低下疾病或开发相关保健食品提供科学依据。【方法】选用36只昆明系小鼠,随机分为6组:空白对照组、免疫抑制模型组、黄芪多糖组及熟地黄多糖低、中、高(分别灌胃熟地黄多糖50、100、200 mg/kg)剂量组(PRRPL、PRRPM、PRRPH),每组6只。除空白对照组外,其余各组小鼠均腹腔注射80 mg/kg环磷酰胺,建立免疫抑制模型。造模后各组小鼠分别灌胃相应药物,1次/d,连续15 d,测定小鼠体重、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力、免疫器官系数、脾淋巴细胞增殖及细胞周期、血清细胞因子含量,观察脾脏和胸腺组织形态学、肠道派氏节数目等免疫指标。【结果】与空白对照组相比,模型组脾脏指数极显著升高(P<0.01),脾脏红髓、白髓界限不清,脾淋巴细胞数量减少;胸腺指数降低,皮质、髓质不清,结构破坏;脾淋巴细胞增殖能力、小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬能力及血清白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、γ-干扰素(INF-γ)水平均显著或极显著降低(P<0.05;P<0.01);脾淋巴细胞滞留在G0/G1期。与模型组相比,熟地黄多糖能极显著降低小鼠的脾脏指数(P<0.01),缓解环磷酰胺造成的脾脏组织损坏,熟地黄多糖各剂量组对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖具有极显著的促进作用(P<0.01),熟地黄多糖各剂量组能显著或极显著提高免疫抑制小鼠血清IL-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、INF-γ水平(P<0.05;P<0.01),缓解淋巴细胞周期滞留,且高剂量组熟地黄多糖能显著提高小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能(P<0.05)。造模前后及熟地黄多糖对肠道派氏结数量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。【结论】熟地黄多糖能提高免疫抑制小鼠的免疫功能,可用于治疗免疫低下类疾病药物和保健品的开发。

ICP-MS测定鲜地黄中26种金属元素及不同加工工艺元素差异性比较

目的:建立电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)同时测定鲜地黄中Al、As、B、Ba、Ca、Cd等26种金属元素,分析和比较5种不同工艺加工鲜地黄样品中金属元素的组成差异,为完善鲜地黄的质量评价体系、筛选鲜地黄最佳加工工艺和产品开发提供参考。方法:制备了鲜地黄的喷雾干燥、冷冻干燥、微波干燥、真空干燥及烘箱干燥5种样品共15份,经微波消解后,采用ICP-MS同时测定5种不同加工工艺鲜地黄中26种金属元素,同时采用主成分分析(PCA)、正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(OPLS-DA)及聚类分析(HCA)统计学方法进行数据处理和挖掘。结果:各元素线性关系良好(r>0.999),检测下限为0.004~12.493μg·L^(-1),精密度符合规定(RSD<5%),各元素加样回收率为98.411%~100.541%,RSD为1.463%~3.505%;不同加工工艺鲜地黄样品含有丰富的金属元素,其中K、Na、Ca、Mg、Al、Fe、Zn 7种元素的含量均较高,但不同加工工艺鲜地黄样品金属元素含量差异较大;其中鲜地黄喷雾干燥后人体必须常量元素K、Na及人体所需的微量元素Fe、Zn、Se、Cu、Co、Mo等的含量均显著高于其他加工样品。PCA结果显示,15份不同加工工艺的地黄样品均能清晰地聚成5组;通过OPLSDA提取出对不同加工工艺鲜地黄分组贡献率>1的5种金属元素,分别为K、Al、Na、Mg、Fe;HCA分析将15份样品分为2个组别,其中冷冻干燥和微波干燥为一组,烘箱干燥、喷雾干燥和真空干燥为一组,其第二组别下细分的小组中,喷雾干燥和真空干燥又聚为一组。结论:建立的方法简单、可靠、准确且灵敏度高,可用于鲜地黄不同加工样品中金属元素的测定;综合本研究结果及中药材加工技术的发展趋势和市场需求,喷雾干燥法能较好地保持鲜地黄的颜色及丰富的金属元素,且能实现生产化,喷雾干燥法可作为鲜地黄的加工方法。为完善鲜地黄质量控制体系及其开发利用提供一定的研究基础。

4种地黄红外光谱、热分析及微观结构对比研究

为比较4种地黄(生地黄、熟地黄、生地炭、熟地炭)成分的相似性及差异性,采用傅立叶红外光谱仪测试了4种地黄红外光谱,并计算了它们的二阶导数图谱,用综合热分析仪分析了它们在受热过程中热性能变化,用X射线能谱仪和扫描电子显微镜分析了它们表面化学元素质量分数和微观结构。结果表明:4种地黄红外光谱主要吸收峰位置、峰形相似,但吸收峰强度有差异,它们均有地黄糖、醇和氨基酸等分子的—OH、—CH、C=O、—NH的吸收峰,其中熟地黄的糖质量分数较高,生地炭和熟地炭在多处吸收峰强度明显降低。在1200~500 cm^(-1)波段,4种地黄红外光谱二阶导数图在强度和形状均存在较大差异。在190~350℃温度段,由于地黄中多种糖类、醇、氨基酸等热分解导致较大的热失重,其中,生地黄和熟地黄比生地黄炭和熟地黄炭热失重更明显。生地炭和熟地炭比生地黄和熟地炭的氧元素质量分数低,而碳元素质量分数高,这些研究表明4种地黄化学成分相似,且生地黄和熟地黄有相似化学成分和微观结构,而生地炭和熟地炭有相似化学成分和微观结构,生地炭和熟地炭的糖、醇和氨基酸等质量分数比生地黄和熟地黄明显降低。

中药地黄的现代研究进展及其质量标志物(Q-marker)预测分析

地黄为我国传统大宗药材,首载于《神农本草经》,列为上品,是滋补类代表中药,其化学成分主要包括环烯醚萜、苯乙醇、糖、核苷、紫罗兰酮等类化合物。现代药理学研究表明地黄对神经、心脑血管、血液、内分泌等系统具有显著的疗效。在对地黄化学成分及其炮制变化、药理作用及质量控制研究近况进行总结的基础上,从质量传递与溯源性、成分与药效关联性、复方配伍环境、化学成分有效性及可测性等方面对地黄质量标志物进行预测分析,为地黄质量标准研究提供科学依据。