Background: Global Covid-19 pandemic has led to remarkable scientific achievements resulting in the development and rapid implementation of vaccines towards the original wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most Covid-19 vacci...Background: Global Covid-19 pandemic has led to remarkable scientific achievements resulting in the development and rapid implementation of vaccines towards the original wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most Covid-19 vaccines are targeted to only one protein (the Spike protein) on the virus. SARS-CoV-2 that causes Covid-19 naturally undergoes multiple mutations over time. Such mutations can be inconsequential or have dire consequences. The lack of effectiveness of current vaccines towards mutated variants of Covid-19 is of major concern. The objective of this study is to describe an optimal solvent system that creates, via delipidation, a non-synthetic, host-derived or nonhost-derived modified viral particle that has its lipid envelope removed, exposing hidden undenatured proteins from within the virus, that generate a positive immunologic response when administered into a host, thereby providing a vaccine that offers strong and broad protection against the virus. Methods: Lipid removal from viruses by specific procedures renders the exposure of hidden proteins. Protection by antibodies to all of the virus’ protein types has shown to be far superior to protection by antibodies that are created by a single protein type. Results: Published studies with the Hepatitis virus, Pestivirus and HIV virus have reported the wide range of applications with this delipidation approach resulting in effectively long-term and broad protection vaccines. Conclusion: Mutations are rendering existing vaccines less effective. New approaches to obtain a more permanent vaccine that minimizes the effects of mutation are obtainable by delipidation of the viral particle and thereby creating vaccines that are more permanent with broad protection.展开更多
The catalytic potential of CexZr1-xO2 in isopropyl ether （DIPE） hydration was explored. While the acidic H-zeolite catalyst was favorable for propylene formation through earbenium ion mechanism, Ce-ZSM-5 and CexZr1-...The catalytic potential of CexZr1-xO2 in isopropyl ether （DIPE） hydration was explored. While the acidic H-zeolite catalyst was favorable for propylene formation through earbenium ion mechanism, Ce-ZSM-5 and CexZr1-xO2 catalysts improved product selectivity of isopropyl alcohol （IPA） through redox mechanism. The catalytic property of CexZr1-xO2 depended on the preparation method and variable, type of cerium precursor and Ce/Zr ratio. By means of characterizations with X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption isotherms and NH3 temperature programmed desorption, tetragonal phase of CexZr1-xO2 was proposed as the active phase in which CeO2 and ZrO2 catalyzed synergistically the DIPE hydration with IPA product selectivity. The CexZrl_xO2 prepared from cerium sul- fate precursor with co-precipitation hydrothermal method exhibited maximum catalytic activity and IPA product selectivity. The pre- cursor effect was attributed to the stabilization of SO42 species on the tetragonal phase of CexZr1-xO2 and super solid acidity.展开更多
文摘Background: Global Covid-19 pandemic has led to remarkable scientific achievements resulting in the development and rapid implementation of vaccines towards the original wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus. Most Covid-19 vaccines are targeted to only one protein (the Spike protein) on the virus. SARS-CoV-2 that causes Covid-19 naturally undergoes multiple mutations over time. Such mutations can be inconsequential or have dire consequences. The lack of effectiveness of current vaccines towards mutated variants of Covid-19 is of major concern. The objective of this study is to describe an optimal solvent system that creates, via delipidation, a non-synthetic, host-derived or nonhost-derived modified viral particle that has its lipid envelope removed, exposing hidden undenatured proteins from within the virus, that generate a positive immunologic response when administered into a host, thereby providing a vaccine that offers strong and broad protection against the virus. Methods: Lipid removal from viruses by specific procedures renders the exposure of hidden proteins. Protection by antibodies to all of the virus’ protein types has shown to be far superior to protection by antibodies that are created by a single protein type. Results: Published studies with the Hepatitis virus, Pestivirus and HIV virus have reported the wide range of applications with this delipidation approach resulting in effectively long-term and broad protection vaccines. Conclusion: Mutations are rendering existing vaccines less effective. New approaches to obtain a more permanent vaccine that minimizes the effects of mutation are obtainable by delipidation of the viral particle and thereby creating vaccines that are more permanent with broad protection.
基金Project supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan(NSC102-2622-E-390-001-CC1)
文摘The catalytic potential of CexZr1-xO2 in isopropyl ether （DIPE） hydration was explored. While the acidic H-zeolite catalyst was favorable for propylene formation through earbenium ion mechanism, Ce-ZSM-5 and CexZr1-xO2 catalysts improved product selectivity of isopropyl alcohol （IPA） through redox mechanism. The catalytic property of CexZr1-xO2 depended on the preparation method and variable, type of cerium precursor and Ce/Zr ratio. By means of characterizations with X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption isotherms and NH3 temperature programmed desorption, tetragonal phase of CexZr1-xO2 was proposed as the active phase in which CeO2 and ZrO2 catalyzed synergistically the DIPE hydration with IPA product selectivity. The CexZrl_xO2 prepared from cerium sul- fate precursor with co-precipitation hydrothermal method exhibited maximum catalytic activity and IPA product selectivity. The pre- cursor effect was attributed to the stabilization of SO42 species on the tetragonal phase of CexZr1-xO2 and super solid acidity.
