Ethnobotanical review and pharmacological properties of selected medicinal plants in Brunei Darussalam:Litsea elliptica,Dillenia suffruticosa,Dillenia excelsa,Aidia racemosa,Vitex pinnata and Senna alata

The aim of the current study is to review the medicinal properties of the plants found in Brunei Darussalam namely Litsea elliptica, Dillenia suffruticosa, Dillenia excelsa, Aidia racemosa, Vitex pinnata and Senna alata. The known phytochemical constituents of these plants and their ability to bring about a range of biological activities are included in this review. These plants have been used traditionally for a multitude of diseases and illnesses. There is a lot of untapped potential in these medicinal plants which could cure multiple diseases.

Antidiabetic,hypolipidemic and histopathological analysis of Dillenia indica (L.) leaves extract on alloxan induced diabetic rats

Objective:To investigate antidiabetic,hypolipidemic histopathological analysis of Dillenia indica(D.indica) methanolic leaves(DIME) extract in alloxan induced diabetic rat by administering oral doses(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight).Methods:Blood glucose levels were measured using blood glucose test strips with elegance glucometer on weekly intervals till the end of study(i.e.3 weeks).Other parameters e.g.liver profile,renal profile and total lipid levels were determined in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats after oral administration of the extract for 21 days.Histopathological changes in diabetic rat organs(pancreas,liver and kidney) were also observed after extract treatment Results:Daily oral administration DIME(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide(10 mg/kg) showed beneficial effects on blood glucose level (P【0.001) as well as improving kidney,liver functions and hyperlipidaemia due to diabetes. The extract treatment also showed to enhanced serum insulin level and body weight of diabetic rats as compared to diabetic control group.Furthermore,the extract has a favorable effect on the histopathological changes of the pancreas,liver and kidney in alloxan induced diabetes. Conclusions:D.indica possess antidiabetic property as well improve body weight,liver profile, renal profile and total lipid levels.DIME has also favorable effect to inhibit the histopathological changes of the pancreas and kidney in alloxan induced diabetes.

Microscopic evaluation and physiochemical analysis of Dillenia indica leaf

Objective:To study detail microscopic evaluation and physiochemical analysis of Dillenia indica(D.indica)leaf.Methods:Fresh leaf sample and dried power of the leaf were studied macroscopically and microscopically.Preliminary phytochemical investigation of plant material was done.Other WHO recommended parameters for standardizations were also performed.Results:The detail microscopy revealed the presence of anomocytic stomata,unicellular trichome,xylem fibres,calcium oxalate crystals,vascular bundles,etc.Leaf constants such as stomatal number,stomatal index,vein-islet number and veinlet termination numbers were also measured.Physiochemical parameters such as ash values,loss on drying,extractive values,percentage of foreign matters,swelling index,etc.were also determined.Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of steroids,terpenoids,glycosides,fatty acids,flavonoids,phenolic compounds and carbohydrates.Conclusions:The microscopic and physiochemical analysis of the D.indica leaf is useful in standardization for quality,purity and sample identification.

Anti-breast cancer properties and toxicity of Dillenia suffruticosa root aqueous extract in BALB/c mice

Objective:To determine the anti-breast cancer activities and the safety oral consumption of Dillenia suffruticosa root aqueous extract(DRAE)in BALB/c mice.Methods:In the anti-breast cancer study,female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups(n=12),which were(1)positive control(with breast cancer,untreated),(2)negative control(without breast cancer,untreated)and other three groups of mice with breast cancer treated with 1 000,500 and 250 mg/kg of DRAE,respectively,by oral gavage for 28 days.All mice except from the negative control group were injected into the mammary fat pad with 4T1 cells(1×1054T1 cells/0.1 m L of phosphate buffer solution).DRAE was administered orally on Day 11 after the tumor has developed.Results:The tumor volume of the 1 000 mg/kg of DRAE group reduced significantly compared to the positive control while treatment with 500 mg/kg of DRAE had significantly inhibited metastasis to the heart.In the acute toxicity study,treatment with up to5 000 mg/kg of DRAE was not toxic to the animals,indicating its safety when a large amount of this plant extract was ingested.Based on the sub-acute toxicity study,treatment of the highest dose of DRAE(1 000 mg/kg)had mild liver toxicity indicated by mild focal hemorrhage.Conclusions:DRAE possesses anti-breast cancer properties but at the same time it shows mild toxicity to the liver.The non observable adverse effect dose for DRAE is500 mg/kg.

Investigation on antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of Randia spinosa(Thunb.)Poir.and Dillenia pentagyna Roxb.

Objective:To evaluate phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity of Randia spinosa(Thunb.)Poir.and Dillenia pentagyna Roxb.leaf extracts against human pathogens such as Gram positive bacteria(Streptococcus faecalis,Bacillus subtilis and Staphyllococcus aureus),Gram negative bacteria(Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa),and a fungus Candida albicans.Methods:Antimicrobial activity of methanol,acetone and ethyl acetate extracts of the two plants against the human pathogens was investigated by agar well diffusion method,and qualitative phytochemical screening was conducted for the presence of phytoconstituents such as alkaloids,catechins,coumarins,flavonoids,phenols,quinones,saponins,steroids,tannins and terpenoids.Results:The qualitative phytochemical analysis showed the presence of diverse range of compounds like alkaloids,flavonoids,phenols,steroids,tannins,terpenoids and saponins.The plants exhibited broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities against all the tested bacterial and fungal pathogens.The maximum zone of inhibition was observed in methanol extracts when compared with acetone and ethyl acetate extracts.The present study demonstrated that the selected plants had promising effect on the bacterial and fungal pathogens.Conclusions:The phytochemicals in the plants may be potentially responsible for the antimicrobial efficacy of these medicinal plants.

硅溶胶/聚乙二醇/硼盐/丙烯酸酯复配药剂改性木材的性能研究

五桠果(Dillenia sp.)木材易霉变开裂,采用聚乙二醇和硼盐复配处理可提高其尺寸稳定性和抗菌性,但药剂遇水易流失。本研究以聚乙二醇为尺寸稳定化药剂,硼盐为抗菌剂,辅以硅溶胶和丙烯酸酯对五桠果木材进行改性处理。以复配药剂聚合物溶胀率和质量损失率为指标,研究复配药剂最佳配比,采用红外光谱和扫描电镜对其反应产物进行表征。在此基础上,将复配药剂浸入木材内部加热固化,分析处理材的微观形貌、尺寸稳定性和防霉性能。结果表明:硅溶胶、聚乙二醇、硼盐和丙烯酸酯质量比分别为30%、20%、2%和8%时,形成的凝胶溶胀率和质量损失率最低。扫描电镜观察复配药剂干燥产物发现,在硼盐和丙烯酸酯作用下,硅溶胶可将聚乙二醇固定其中。复配药剂改性五桠果木材在吸湿-干燥和吸水-干燥循环试验中的抗胀率最高达到46%,处理材泡水后药剂流失率较聚乙二醇处理材降低约42.5%;处理材在一个月的室内综合防霉测试中未出现霉变。

拟盘多毛孢属真菌的新种

报导拟盘多毛孢属真菌的8个新种。这8个新种是:近似状拟盘多毛孢Pestalotiopsis affinis、山姜拟盘多毛孢P. alpiniae、见血封喉拟盘多毛孢P. antiaris、五桠果拟盘多毛孢P. dilleniae、广西拟盘多毛孢P. kuwangsiensis、莲拟盘多毛孢P. nelumbinis、木荷拟盘多毛孢P. schimae、和神秘果拟盘多毛孢P. synsepali。新种的模式标本保存在广西大学植保系标本室。

五桠果属植物化学成分与药理活性研究进展

对五桠果属植物近30年来公开发表的化学成分和药理作用研究进展进行了综述。五桠果属植物含多种化学成分,按结构类型主要有萜类、黄酮类,多糖类、酚酸类等多种类型的化合物。该属植物及其化学成分多具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗肿瘤等较强的药理活性,具有进一步深入研究的价值和良好的潜在开发利用前景。