血清S-100B蛋白、可溶性凝集素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体-1、胶质纤维酸性蛋白检测在新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病病情严重程度中的诊断价值

目的:探讨血清S-100B蛋白、可溶性凝集素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体-1(sLOX-1)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)与新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病(HIE)病情严重程度的关系。方法:选择80例HIE患儿作为观察组,另选择90例健康新生儿作为对照组,收集所有患儿一般资料,并检测两组患儿血清S-100B蛋白、sLOX-1、GFAP水平,分析HIE患儿血清S-100B蛋白、sLOX-1、GFAP与病情严重程度的相关性及预后不良的影响因素。结果:对照组血清S-100B蛋白、sLOX-1、GFAP水平低于观察组(均P<0.05)。重度组血清S-100B蛋白、sLOX-1、GFAP水平高于中度组、轻度组和对照组(均P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析显示,疾病严重程度与HIE患儿血清S-100B蛋白、sLOX-1、GFAP水平呈正相关(均P<0.001)。随访预后良好患儿59例,预后不良21例,经多因素Logistic回归分析显示,产程异常、病情重度、S-100B蛋白、sLOX-1、GFAP为影响HIE患儿预后的危险因素(均P<0.05)。结论:HIE患儿病情严重程度和预后与血清S-100B蛋白、sLOX-1、GFAP水平有关,监测其水平变化有利于临床早期完善干预方案改善预后。

Inducing prion protein shedding as a neuroprotective and regenerative approach in pathological conditions of the brain:from theory to facts

In the last decades,the role of the prion protein(PrP) in neurodegenerative diseases has been intensively investigated,initially in prion diseases of humans(e.g., Creutzfeldt-J akob disease) and animals(e.g.,scrapie in sheep,chronic wasting disease in deer and elk,or "mad cow disease" in cattle).Templated misfolding of physiological cellular prion protein(PrPC) into an aggregation-prone isoform(termed PrP "Scrapie"(PrPSc)),self-re plication and spreading of the latter inside the brain and to peripheral tissues,and the associated formation of infectious proteopathic seeds(termed "prions")are among the essential pathogenic mechanisms underlying this group of fatal and transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.Late r,key roles of the correctly folded PrPCwere identified in more common human brain diseases(such as Alzheimer s disease or Parkinson’s disease) associated with the misfolding and/or accumulation of other proteins(such as amyloid-β,tau or α-synuclein,respectively).PrPChas also been linked with n euro protective and regenerative functions,for instance in hypoxic/ischemic conditions such as stroke.However,despite a mixed "bouquet" of suggested functions,our understanding of pathological and,especially,physiological roles played by PrPCin the brain and beyond is ce rtainly incomplete.Interactions with various other proteins at the cell surfa ce or within intracellular compartments may account for the functional diversity linked with PrPC.Moreover,conserved endogenous proteolytic processing of PrPCgenerates seve ral defined PrPCfragments,possibly holding intrinsic functions in physiological and pathological conditions,thus making the "true and complete biology" of this protein more complicated to be elucidated.Here,we focus on one of those released PrPCfragments,namely shed PrP(sPrP),generated by a membrane-proximate ADAM10-mediated cleavage event at the cell surfa ce.Similar to other soluble PrP fragments(such as the N1 fragment representing PrP’s released N-terminal tail upon the major α-cleavage event)or expe rimentally employed recombinant PrP,sPrP is being suggested to act n euro protective in Alzheimer’s disease and other protein misfolding diseases.Seve ral lines of evidence on extracellular PrPC(fragments) suggest that induction of PrPCrelease co uld be a future therapeutic option in various brain disorders.Our recent identification of a substrate-specific approach to stimulate the shedding by ADAM 10,based on ligands binding to cell surface PrPC,may further set the stage for research into this direction.

Treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and prevention of nonalcoholic Wernicke’s disease:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Wernicke encephalopathy is a neurological disorder caused by thiamine deficiency,commonly seen in alcoholic populations but also involving other circumstances that may lead to thiamine deficiency.The recognition of Wernicke encephalopathy often depends on clinicians’keen ability to detect its typical triad of features;however,most cases do not present with the full constellation of signs,which complicates the timely identification of Wernicke encephalopathy.CASE SUMMARY This case report describes a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who developed abnormal ocular function and ataxia following concurrent chemoradiotherapy,without a history of alcohol abuse.With the aid of radiological examinations,he received a timely diagnosis and treatment;however,his symptoms did not fully resolve during follow-up.CONCLUSION For patients with malignant tumors exhibiting neurological symptoms,clinicians should consider the possibility of Wernicke encephalopathy and provide prophylactic thiamine therapy.

改良aEEG评分联合S-100β和GFAP对儿童癫痫性脑病早期诊断价值的分析

目的 探讨改良振幅整合脑电图(aEEG)评分联合中枢神经特异蛋白S100β(S-100β)和神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)对儿童癫痫性脑病早期诊断的价值。方法 选择2018年1月至2020年12月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院小儿神经内科就诊的癫痫持续状态患儿92例为研究对象。收集患儿的临床资料,在入院1~3d内行aEEG检查,入院24h内抽取空腹外周静脉血2mL检测S-100β和GFAP水平。根据有无癫痫性脑病将患儿分为癫痫性脑病组(34例)与非癫痫性脑病组(58例),比较两组的改良aEEG评分及S-100β、GFAP水平,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估各指标单独检测与联合检测对癫痫持续状态患儿癫痫性脑病的早期诊断价值。结果 在92例癫痫持续状态患儿中,有34例诊断为癫痫性脑病。癫痫性脑病组患儿的改良aEEG评分显著高于非癫痫性脑病组,S-100β和GFAP水平也显著高于非癫痫性脑病组,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.411、7.261、6.579,P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,改良aEEG评分及S-100β、GFAP水平对癫痫持续状态患儿癫痫性脑病早期诊断的截断值分别为8.10分、1.16μg/L、4.61ng/L,曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.751、0.876、0.809,三者联合诊断的AUC为0.908,联合诊断效能均高于单独指标的检测(Z值分别为4.821、5.013、3.961,P<0.05)。结论 儿童癫痫性脑病可引起改良aEEG评分及S-100β、GFAP水平的改变,其均可作为儿童癫痫性脑病早期诊断指标,三者联合检测可提高诊断效能。

Clinical scenarios for the use of S100β as a marker of hepatic encephalopathy

AIM: To evaluate the association between serum concentrations of S100&#x003b2; in patients with cirrhosis and the presence of low grade hepatic encephalopathy (HE).METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. The population was categorized into four groups healthy subjects, cirrhosis without HE, cirrhosis with covert hepatic encephalopathy (CHE) and cirrhosis with overt HE. Kruskal-Wallis, Mann Whitney&#x02019;s U with Bonferroni adjustment Spearman correlations and area under the ROC were used as appropriate.RESULTS: A total of 61 subjects were included, 46 cirrhotic patients and 15 healthy volunteers. S100&#x003b2; values were different among all groups, and differences remained significant between groups 1 and 2 (P &#x0003c; 0.001), and also between groups 2 and 3 (P = 0.016), but not between groups 3 and 4. In cirrhotic patients with HE S100&#x003b2; was higher than in patients without HE [0.18 (0.14-0.28) ng/mL vs 0.11 (0.06-0.14) ng/mL, P &#x0003c; 0.001]. There was a close correlation between serum concentrations of S100&#x003b2; and psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score in patients with cirrhosis without HE compared to the patients with cirrhosis with CHE (r = -0.413, P = 0.019). ROC curve analysis yielded &#x0003e; 0.13 ng/mL as the best cutoff value of S100&#x003b2; for the diagnosis of HE (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 63.6%).CONCLUSION: Serum concentrations of S100&#x003b2; are higher in patients with cirrhosis than in healthy volunteers, and are further increased in the presence of hepatic encephalopathy. The results suggest that serum biomarkers such as S100&#x003b2; could help in the correct characterization of incipient stages of HE.

Magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of brain involvement in alcoholic and nonalcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy

AIMTo present the typical and atypical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings of alcoholic and non-alcoholic Wernicke’s encephalopathy.METHODSThis study included 7 patients with Wernicke’s encephalopathy (2 men, 5 women; mean age, 52.3 years) that underwent brain MR examination between January 2012 and March 2016 in a single institution. Three patients were alcoholics and 4 patients were non-alcoholics. MR protocol included a T2-weighted sequence, a fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequence, a diffusion-weighted sequence (b = 0 and 1000 s/mm2), and a contrast-enhanced MR sequence. All MR images were retrospectively reviewed at baseline and follow-up by two radiologists.RESULTSAll patients with Wernicke’s encephalopathy had bilateral areas showing high signal intensity on both T2-weighted and FLAIR MR images in the typical sites (i.e., the periaqueductal region and the tectal plate). Signal intensity abnormalities in the atypical sites (i.e., the cerebellum and the cerebellar vermis) were seen in 4 patients, all of which had no history of alcohol abuse. Six patients had areas with restricted diffusion in the typical and atypical sites. Four patients had areas showing contrast-enhancement in the typical and atypical sites. Follow-up MR imaging within 6 mo after therapy (intravenous administration of thiamine) was performed in 4 patients, and demonstrated a complete resolution of all the signal intensities abnormalities previously seen in all patients.CONCLUSIONMR imaging is valuable in the diagnosis of Wernicke’s encephalopathy particularly in patients presenting with atypical clinical symptoms, or with no history of alcohol abuse.

LIMITING EXPRESSION FOR GENERALIZED INVERSE A_(T,S)^(2) AND ITS CORRESPONDING PROJECTORS

This paper presents the limiting expression for the gen calized inverse A T.S(2) and itscorresgonding projectors Since comonon imnortors inverses,such as and AT.S(2) etc are all generalized in e e AT.S(2) In fact,we give a unified limiting formula of computine such imporiant generalined inverses and its corresponding proiectors,Based on this we estalish and imbedling method fire compoting the generalized in verse AT.S(2) The results extend earlier work by various authors.

Protein folding pathology in domestic animals

Fibrillar proteins form structural elements of cells and the extracellular matrix. Pathological lesions, of fibrillar microanatomical structures, or secondary fibrillar changes in globular proteins are well known. A special group concerns histologically amorphous deposits, amyloid. The major characteristics of amyloid are: apple green birefringence after Congo red staining of histological sections, and non-branching 7–10 nm thick fibrils on electron microscopy revealing a high content of cross beta pleated sheets. About 25 different types of amyloid have been characterised. In animals, AA-amyloid is the most frequent type. Other types of amyloid in animals represent: AIAPP (in cats), AApoAI, AApoAII, localised AL-amyloid, amyloid in odontogenic or mammary tumors and amyloid in the brain. In old dogs Aβ and in sheep APrPsc-amyloid can be encountered. AA-amyloidosis is a systemic disorder with a precursor in blood, acute phase serum amyloid A (SAA). In chronic inflammatory processes AA-amyloid can be deposited. A rapid crystallization of SAA to amyloid fibrils on small beta-sheeted fragments, the ‘amyloid enhancing factor’ (AEF), is known and the AEF has been shown to penetrate the enteric barrier. Amyloid fibrils can aggregate from various precursor proteins in vitro in particular at acidic pH and when proteolytic fragments are formed. Molecular chaperones influence this process. Tissue data point to amyloid fibrillogenesis in lysosomes and near cell surfaces. A comparison can be made of the fibrillogenesis in prion diseases and in enhanced AA-amyloidosis. In the reactive form, acute phase SAA is the supply of the precursor protein, whereas in the prion diseases, cell membrane proteins form a structural source. Aβ-amyloid in brain tissue of aged dogs showing signs of dementia forms a canine counterpart of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (ccSDAT) in man. Misfolded proteins remain potential food hazards. Developments concerning prevention of amyloidogenesis and therapy of amyloid deposits are shortly commented.

Hepatic encephalopathy as a complication of liver disease

INTRODUCTIONHepatic encephalopathy ( HE) is a frequent complication of chronic liver disease .It is defined as a characteristic functional and reversible alteration of the mental state ,due to impaired liver function and / or increased portosystemic shunting .

Artistic Analysis of Ding’s Manor

Ding's Manor is a Hakka's folk dwelling characterized by both Hakka's cultures on the Central Plain and also cultures of north Sichuan, and a typical Hakka's architecture in Sichuan Province. Design of the manor concentrates rich cultures, arts and beliefs of the Hakka, thus exploration of Ding's Manor, specifically, its site layout showing Fengshui doctrines of the Hakka, architectural style and watchtower with strict structures, and exquisite decorative arts, show architectural technology and wisdom of the Hakka, and also artistic characteristics of the Hakka's folk dwellings in a certain historical environment, which provides a favorable reference for the construction of modern folk dwellings.

Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting as acute cognitive decline in an elderly male

Hashimoto’s encephalopathy(HE)is a rare form of reversible encephalopathy characterized by the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fl uid.The syndrome is more common in women and the presentation varies considerably.Here,we report a case of an elderly male with a history of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis,presenting with acute cognitive decline.A diagnosis of HE was established based on the presence of antithyroid antibodies in the serum,diffuse electroencephalography changes and lack of an alternative explanation.The patient promptly responded to steroids and was discharged on the 8th day of admission.We suggest that an assessment of thyroid antibodies should be included in anyone presenting with acute cognitive decline in the absence of alternative explanation.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following sepsis in a Crohn's disease patient: A case report

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome(PRES)is a clinico-ragiological syndrome presenting with neurological symptoms and characteristic radiologic findings.PRES occurs in the setting of various clinical conditions and requires prompt management of the causative factor for a full recovery.This is a case report of a Crohn’s disease patient who developed PRES syndrome during a complicated post-operative course.In the presence of multiple causative factors,sepsis was considered as the predominant one.After prompt management,the patient recovered with no permanent neurological damage.

Psychogenic anorexia and non-alcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy: Complete clinicoradiological recovery with thiamine

Rationale:Prolonged undernutrition may arise out of depression and lead to Wernicke's encephalopathy if timely diagnosis and intervention are missed.Wernicke's encephalopathy is potentially treatable,and appropriate treatment may revert clinical depression and cognitive dysfunction to some extent.Patient's concern:A 69-year-old female who had been taking escitalopram for one year developed tremor,ophthalmoplegia,ataxia,progressive cognitive decline,and convulsions.Diagnosis:Non-alcoholic Wernicke's encephalopathy and hypomagnesemia due to psychogenic anorexia.Interventions:High dose intravenous thiamine and magnesium were supplemented.Outcomes:The patient showed remarkable improvement in neurological complications and even in depressive features.Lessons:Wernicke's encephalopathy should not be ignored in the treatment of depression.

Pituitary-Thyroid Dysfunction in a Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy Patient

The pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy has not been clearly elucidated and involvement of autoimmune damage has been proposed. We report a 23-year-old man who was emergently hospitalized for paroxysmal syncope and involuntary tremor with normal physical examination except for low heart rate. The patient was characterized by neurological symptoms, mild hypothyroidism, enlarged pituitary gland and extremely elevated thyrotropin, which all were reversed with levothyroxine alone. The case indicated that the pituitary-thyroid dysfunction may play a role in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy, hence, evaluation of pituitary gland should be recommended in diagnosis and treatment of Hashimoto’s encephalopathy.

Convulsive Seizures Revealing Hashimoto’s Encephalopathy

Introduction: Hashimoto encephalopathy (HE) is an autoimmune disease with different neurological and psychiatric characteristics. It is associated with increased thyroperoxidase autoantibodies. The diagnosis of HE is clinical and involves the detection of serum thyroperoxidase (TPO) antibodies and the exclusion of other etiologies. A clinical response to corticosteroid therapy supports the diagnosis. We report a case of HE revealed by convulsive seizures and cognitive and behavioral disorders. Observation: She is a 7-year-old child followed in a neurology unit for convulsive seizures for one year. Clinical examination performed in the endocrinology unit later found tachycardia without goiter, behavioral disorders, difficulties to concentrate as well as psychomotor agitation. Biological work up revealed subclinical hypothyroidism, positive anti-TPO antibodies with normal thyroid ultrasound and brain MRI. The cerebrospinal fluid was clear, normotensive and absence of pleocytosis. The sleep-wake electroencephalogram was well organized for her age with a paroxysmal discharge in the left parieto-temporal region. Based on these clinical, biological and morphological data, the diagnosis of HE was retained. Corticosteroid therapy with prednisone at 1 mg/kg/day was initiated for 6 weeks while reducing the dose progressively. There was a good clinical and biological progress under treatment. Conclusion: Hashimoto’s encephalopathy is a rare, but probably unrecognized entity. Over the past decades, knowledge about thyroid, brain, immunity interactions has increased. This indicates the importance of a multidisciplinary approach of endocrinologists, neurologists, psychiatrists and pediatricians for early recognition and treatment.

缺氧缺血性脑病新生儿血清NSE、S-100B、Tau蛋白、激活素A等指标变化及诊断效能

目的探讨缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)新生儿血清生物标志物神经元特异性烯醇酶(NSE)、S-100B、Tau蛋白、激活素A等指标变化及诊断效能。方法选取2020年1月至2022年2月在温州医科大学附属台州医院出生或就诊的75例HIE足月新生儿为研究对象,按照HIE严重程度分为轻度HIE组30例,中度HIE组25例,重度HIE组20例。选取同期本院出生的75名健康足月新生儿为对照组。检测并比较4组研究对象血清生物标志物及神经发育指标[包括新生儿神经行为(NBNA)、发育商(DQ)],采用Pearson相关分析血清生物标志物与神经发育指标的相关性,ROC曲线分析各项血清生物标志物单独或联合检测对HIE的诊断效能。结果4组研究对象血清生物标志物及神经发育指标比较,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),其中轻、中、重度HIE组患儿血清NSE、S-100B、Tau蛋白、激活素A水平均明显高于对照组(均P<0.05),且轻度HIE组<中度HIE组<重度HIE组(均P<0.05);生后7 d NBNA评分、生后35周DQ、生后52周DQ均明显低于对照组(均P<0.05),且轻度HIE组>中度HIE组>重度HIE组(均P<0.05)。血清NSE、S-100B、Tau蛋白、激活素A水平与生后7 d NBNA评分均呈负相关(r=-0.779、-0.788、-0.714、-0.800,均P<0.05);与生后35周DQ均呈负相关(r=-0.662、-0.700、-0.626、-0.674,均P<0.05),与生后52周DQ均呈负相关(r=-0.636、-0.684、-0.619、-0.632,均P<0.05)。血清NSE、S-100B、Tau蛋白、激活素A单独检测和4项联合检测诊断HIE的AUC分别为0.923、0.946、0.942、0.939和0.995,4项联合检测的诊断效能最佳。结论血清NSE、S-100B、Tau蛋白、激活素A与HIE新生儿神经发育有关,4项联合检测诊断HIE的效能较高。

Can Wernicke’s Encephalopathy Be Precipitated by Administering Glucose before Thiamine in Severely Malnourished or Alcoholic Patients?

We discuss the safety and controversy regarding the administration of glucose before thiamine with regards to precipitation of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy in the severely malnourished and alcoholic patient population. Herein we review clinical features, pathophysiology and the relevant literature to provide an evidenced-based recommendation that thiamine replacement should not delay glucose administration acutely in the malnourished patient population.

Ding Zuyi's Xi'an Translation Training College

THEPrivdely-rUnXi'anTranslationTrainingCollegehasrapidlycometOProminenceintheancientcapitalofShaanxiProvince.InjusttenyearsithasPreparedmorethan10,000peopletoservesociety.With14,(XX)fulltimestudents,DingZuyi'sinstitUtehasbecomeoneOfthebestprivatecoll...

Master Artist Zhang Ding——The Pinnacle in the Ilistory of Modern China's Art

He designed the national emblem of thePeople’s depublic of China, was a primary painterof the mural in the Beijing Capital Airport, ananimator of "Ne Zha Makes Havoc of the Sea", arenowned cartoonist, one of the founders of