柿(Diospyros kaki L.)果实发育及成熟过程中内源GAs活性和ABA含量的变化

利用生物学方法和气相色谱法分别对柿有代表性的早、中、晚熟品种果实中内源赤霉素类物质(GAs)活性及脱落酸(ABA)含量的变化进行了测定。GAs 活性和 ABA 含量在幼果初期都很高,以后随果实的发育而迅速降低,在果实生长速度缓慢的第二期变化不大。但自果实进入成熟期开始,GAs 活性再次迅速降低,而 ABA 含量却呈增加趋势。发生这种变化的时期,与果实的成熟期一致。讨论了内源值物生长调节物质的平衡与果实成熟的关系。

Comparative Experiments on Different Varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris L. under Dry Farming Conditions

[Objective] The aim was to screen varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris L.for cultivation in arid,semi-arid areas.[Method] The cultivation experiments of seven varieties of P.vulgaris under dry farming conditions were carried out in typical dry farming agriculture region Yangqu County in North China.[Result] The plants of Teyoutejiadou,Chaojiwujing and Xinxinyichiqingyuanlong were relatively strong;the growth rate of Aifeng,Jingxuanjiadouwang and Chaochangsijidou was relatively rapid;the transpiration rate of functional leaves of Aifeng was the lowest.The yield of Tianma 95-33 jiadouwang was significant higher than that of other varieties,the unit yield was up to 36.33 t/hm2,which was 1.39 times higher than that of Aifeng and 1.9 times higher than that of Xinxinyichiqingyuanlong;followed by the yield of Aifeng（26.07 t/hm2）,which was 1.37 times higher than that of Xinxinyichiqingyuanlong.[Conclusion] The yield of Tianma 95-33 jiadouwang and Aifeng was relatively high,as well as the protein content,indicating that they were suitable to be applied and cultivated in the experimental plot and surrounding areas.

Selection of Example Varieties Used in the DUS Test Guideline of Tagetes L.

[Objective] Taking the characteristic of flower diameter of Tagetes L.as an example,this study aimed to select example varieties used in the DUS Test Guideline of Tagetes L.[Method] Two continuous years of measurements of flower diameter of 25 varieties were collected and then analyzed by using the box plot to illustrate the uniformity and stability of flower diameter of each variety.[Result] According to the information of variability,distribution symmetry of measurements and outliers of flower diameter of varieties provided by box plots,variety 16,2 and 4 were selected as the example varieties for the three expression states with respective flower diameter of 3.0-4.4,6.0-7.4 and 9.0-10.4 cm.[Conclusion] The box plot is an efficient method for the general analysis of varieties,which provides information covering the actual and possible expression range,median and outliers of measurements of flower diameter of each variety.It also provides references for selecting example varieties for other quantitative characteristics and evaluating the quality of varieties.

AFLP Fingerprinting and Genetic Diversity of Main Sweetpotato Varieties in China

AFLP fingerprinting of the 98 main sweetpotato varieties planted in China has been constructed. Using 17 AFLP primer combinations which were selected from 1 208 primer combinations and generated the most amounts of polymorphic bands, AFLP analysis of the 98 main sweetpotato varieties gave a total of 410 clear polymorphic bands with an average of 24.12 polymorphic bands per primer combination. Each one of the 98 sweetpotato varieties could be clearly distinguished by EcoR I-cta/Mse I-ggc primer combination which generated the most polymorphic bands. AFLP-based genetic distance ranged from 0.0546 to 0.5709 with an average of 0.3799. The dendrogram based on AFLP markers indicated that sweetpotato varieties coming from the same regions or having same parents were clustered in the same groups. Analysis of molecular variance （AMOVA） revealed greater variations within regions （94.08%） than among regions （5.92%）. Thus, the genetic variations mainly existed within regions, while the variations among regions were very low in the tested sweetpotato varieties. Significant genetic variations existed between ＂Northern＂ and ＂Southern＂ sweetpotato varieties when Yangtze River was used as the dividing line.

特异标记优质柞蚕新品种“L青”选育

柞蚕新品种“L青”是以“吉黄一化”和“选大一号”为亲本材料,利用杂交和系统选育手段,采用分区饲养、系统分离、定向培育及高温胁迫锻炼的方法,通过5年10代系统选育而育成的特异标记青黄蚕新品种。该品种具有耐高温、抗逆性强、杂交优势强、丰产性能稳定等特点,已在生产中得到大面积应用。春、秋季选育结果:千粒茧重分别为8.56 kg和11.53 kg,单蛾产卵量分别为310粒和303粒,全茧量分别为9.56 g和11.38 g,茧层率分别为9.40%和11.85%。

Comparison of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Models for Determining Protein and Amylose Contents Between Calibration Samples of Recombinant Inbred Lines and Conventional Varieties of Rice

The near infrared spectra of 178 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） from the cross of Ⅱ-32B/Yuezaoxian 6 （YZX6） and 511 varieties in rice were acquired. A total of 80 RILs and 96 cultivars were selected as modeling samples by comparing the spectra similarity primarily. Three partial least square （PLS） regression models were developed, based on the RILs （RIL-model）, the varieties （Var-model） and their mixture （Mix-model）, for protein content （PC） and amylose content （AC）, respectively. Cross validation and outer prediction showed that the models were largely influenced by the range and distribution of modeling samples. The regression model of PC based on the cultivars and the model of AC based on RILs had higher coefficient of determination （r^2 ≥ 0.9） and lower root mean square error of cross validation （RMSECVs）. The disadvantages of RIL samples for PC model and variety samples for AC model were probably caused by the narrow range of variance. Aberrant predictions were obtained for outer sample with PC or AC outside the range or within the distribution gap of modeling samples. The Mix-models gave more reliable prediction as the distribution of RIL and variety modeling samples were complementary to each other.

Results of a Complex Estimation of Varieties of <i>Hibiscus syriacus</i>L. in the Conditions of Tashkent

The article presents the results of variety studies on the decorative and economic-biological characteristics of Hibiscus syriacus L. in the conditions of Tashkent. It is established that the soil and climatic conditions of Tashkent are quite favorable for the cultivation of Syrian hibiscus. As a result of a comprehensive assessment, the most promising, promising and fewer promising varieties were identified. It is noted that the most promising—both forms and the Speciosus variety are characterized by better adaptability. Promising varieties—Luce, Red Heart, Russian Violet in a short time were able to adapt to new conditions, and were able to maintain their decorative and biological qualities. Pink Flirt, Rubis and Totus Albus are among the less promising varieties. These varieties were introduced to Uzbekistan in recent years and have not yet been able to fully adapt. The Aphrodite variety, which is part of the group of less promising varieties, has not been able to sufficiently show decorative and economic and biological qualities for a long time.

Identification of Faba Bean(Vicia faba L.)Germplasm Resources in Hubei Province and Evaluation on Their Main Agronomic Traits

Through field observation and lab analysis, 13 agronomic traits, including plant height and effective branching number per plant, etc., of 207 faba bean （Vicia faba L.） germplasms saved in Crop Middle-term Genebank of Hubei Province were evaluated, moreover, the identification on the disease resistance and the quality was carried out on parts of germplasm resources. The results showed that the faba beangermplasm resources in Hubei Province were abundant, the variation range of agronomic traits like the growth period, plant height and 100-bean weight, etc., was great, and the range of choice was wide. In the aspect of quality, there were 9 germplasms withthe content of crude protein higher than 30%, and the variation range of amylose content in total starch was large, which provided excellent sources of parents for breedinq hi.qh-quality faba bean varieties in Hubei Province.

与黄独(Dioscorea bulbifera)性别相关的RAPD-SCAR标记研究

对黄独(Dioscorea bulbiferaL.)14个居群42个单株的总DNA进行RAPD分析,并根据测序结果合成1对特异的SCAR引物,即5′-GGCTTCTGTCACTACATGGG-3′和5′-GGCTTCTGTCCAGTGCATCT-3′,对42个单株的总DNA进行检测,扩增到1条长681 bp的与雄性相关的特异片段。除形态上有一定变异的4个单株外,这个与雄性相关的RAPD-SCAR标记在黄独原变种的29个单株中验证准确,在可能为其变种的9个单株中部分验证准确,表明该RAPD-SCAR标记能够准确标记黄独的原变种及一些变种的雄性性别。

用AFLP分子标记技术鉴别甘蔗(Saccharum of ficinarum L.)品种

本研究采用AFLP技术 ,从 6 4对引物中筛选出 5对带型分布均匀、多态性丰富且分辨能力强的引物 ,对两个在生产上广泛推广应用的甘蔗品种的AFLP指纹图谱进行分析 ,计算了两品种间的遗传相似性和遗传距离。结果表明 ,5对引物在 2个甘蔗品种间均存在显著的差异 ,其中多态性位点占总扩增位点的 10 2 % ,区分率达 10 0 %。研究结果对生产上应用AFLP技术鉴定甘蔗品种的真伪性提供了依据。本文对甘蔗AFLP分析体系的关键技术以及银染技术的安全性和可靠性进行了讨论。

来自甜瓜属(Cucumis melo L.)6个变种部分品种货架期差异比较

对甜瓜属6个变种的13个材料的货架期及相关因素进行了测定比较。结果表明,来自var.saccharinus和inodorus的5个品系表现出乙烯释放速率和鲜样质量损失率很低,货架期显著优于其它变种的材料。var.reticulatus虽然乙烯释放量较低,但由于果肉软化,其货架期短于var.inodorus。var.cantalupensis,makuwa和acidulus货架期短。相关性分析显示货架期还与果实发育期及果实质量存在高度相关,而果实表面的网纹结构与乙烯释放速率、鲜样质量损失速率及货架期并无显著的相关性。

高产、优质大豆新品种L-6的选育

L-6是山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所以大豆雄性不育系MSP-287为母本、当地主推品种为父本进行天然杂交选育而成的高产、优质大豆新品种,该品种适应性好、综合抗性好,2010年通过山西省农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号为晋审豆2010002。2008—2009年参加山西省大豆中晚熟组区域试验,平均单产2 739.8 kg/hm2,比对照晋豆19号(2 544.0 kg/hm2)增产7.7%。蛋白质含量40.89%,脂肪含量22.13%。抗SMV-SC3,SMV-SC7和大豆灰斑病,适合山西省中部地区春播和晋南地区夏播。

NaCl胁迫对不同小麦品种萌发与幼苗生长的影响

为研究NaCl胁迫对不同小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)品种萌发与幼苗生长的影响,以周麦18、百农207、华育198、矮抗58和百农69为材料,对不同浓度NaCl溶液胁迫下小麦发芽势、发芽率、根长和苗高等耐盐指标进行分析。结果表明,随着NaCl溶液浓度的升高,小麦的发芽势、发芽率、根长和苗高的相对值均明显下降,不同品种间及浓度间均有明显变化;综合5个试验品种的表现可知,百农207和周麦18在苗期表现出较强的耐盐能力,矮抗58、百农69和华育198的耐盐能力依次降低。

Isolation, Expression Characteristics and Chromosomal Locations of Three cDNA Fragments Under Salt Stress in Rice

cDNA libraries were constructed from the leaves of a rice (Oryza sativa L.) salt tolerancevariety Tesan抋i 2 growing in solutions with 150 mmol/L NaCl for 3 h or without salt stress. Three salt-responsive cDNA clones, Ts1, Ts2 and Ts3 were isolated by differential screening. Northern blottinganalysis showed that the transcription levels of Ts1 and Ts2 increased within 3 h salt stress and kept onincreasing within 24 h, while the transcription level of Ts3 reached its peak within 3 h. Sequence analysisindicated that there were no homologies between the three cDNA clones and any known gene. The threecDNA clones were mapped using a doubled haploid (DH) population derived from an indica variety ZYQ8,which was a salt tolerance parent of Tesan抋i 2, with a japonica variety JX17. Ts1, Ts2 and Ts3 werelocated on chromosomes 1, 3 and 7, respectively. It was noted that Ts1, Ts2, and Ts3 were in or near theregions of major or minor salt tolerance quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which were mapped in the same DHpopulation in a parallel study.

Evolution of Main Characteristics of the Registered Cotton Cultivars in National Cotton Regional Trials in Yangtze River Valley

[Objective] The aim of this study was to characterize the national regis- tered varieties selected from cotton regional trials in Yangtze River Valley （YaRV） in recent years. [Method] Cotton cultivar classification and comprehensive evaluation index were set up based on national cotton registration standard. GGE biplot method was adopted to analyze the correlation of major breeding target characters of 53 national registered cotton varieties in cotton regional trials in YaRV during 1981-2012. According to the shift of check cultivars in cotton regional trials in the past, the cotton regional trial practice since 1981 was divided into five periods. The dynamic of cultivar type＇s proportion and the evaluation index scores was analyzed across the five periods. [Result] There existed intricate interrelationship among cotton breeding target traits, which constrained it necessary to construct indices for com- prehensive evaluation of cotton varieties. The dynamic of cultivar types in the five periods indicated that type II varieties emerged since Simian 3 period and then its proportion decreased gradually; type Ⅲ varieties maintained a certain proportion in each period and kept on the rise overall; type Ⅳvarieties occupied the majority pro- portion of registered cultivars before 1993, but a minor proportion since Simian 3 period. On the other side, the change trend of the evaluation index demonstrated that the varieties registered before 2003 did not pass the qualified line at present. The peak scores appeared in the varieties registered during 2004-2008. The scores of the varieties registered after 2009 were only slightly over the qualified line. [Conclusion] More attention should be paid to the improvement and evaluation of micronaire, so as to guide the simultaneous development of high yielding and fiber quality in cotton breeding and registration procedure in YaRV.

基于显微—DNA条形码—产地分析联用的巴西柑橘属植物药FARINHA DE LARANJA(枳壳)基原鉴定研究

目的利用显微-DNA条形码-产地分析联用的方法对巴西柑橘属植物药FARINHA DE LARANJA粉末进行基原鉴定研究。方法应用显微鉴定的方法对药材粉末的基原进行初步判定;再提取样品DNA,扩增ITS序列,利用NCBI数据库中的BLAST功能分析相似度,对样品品种进行DNA条形码鉴定;最后结合产地信息对数据库中的序列进行筛选。结果显微-DNA条形码-产地综合分析结果表明,该样品为芸香科柑橘属Citrus L.植物酸橙Citrus aurantium的干燥未成熟果实粉末。结论巴西植物药FARINHA DE LARANJA的鉴定可为扩大枳实、枳壳等中药材的药用资源提供依据。

浙江葡萄属(Vitis L.)植物新资料

该文报道了在浙江葡萄属(Vitis L.)分类研究中的新发现:(1)描述了开化葡萄(V.kaihuaica Z.H.Chen,F.Chen et W.Y.Xie)、秀丽葡萄(V.amoena Z.H.Chen,F.Chen et W.Y.Xie)2新种和腺枝龙泉葡萄(V.longquanensis var.glandulosa Z.H.Chen,F.Chen et W.Y.Xie)1新变种;(2)将V.adenoclada Hand.-Mazz.作为毛葡萄(V.heyneana Roem.et Schult.)的变种处理,即腺枝毛葡萄[V.heyneana Roem.et Schult.var.adenoclada(Hand.-Mazz.)Z.H.Chen,F.Chen et W.Y.Xie];(3)报道了蓝果刺葡萄[V.davidii(Roman.Du Caill.)Foex var.cyanocarpa(Gagnep.)Sarg.]在浙江的分布新记录。

中国繁缕(Stellaria chinensis Regel)一新变种

发表了中国繁缕一新变种 ,即缘毛中国繁缕StellariachinensisRegelvar.ciliataC .S .ZhuetH .M .

Distribution of Sect.Thea (L.) Dyer in Yunnan Province

Yunnan is not only the center of tea origination but also the center of tea evolution and variation.There is a broad distribution of Sect.Thea（L.） Dyer in Yunnan.This paper concerns the research progress of Sect.Thea（L.） Dyer,reveals the distribution of Sect.Thea（L.） Dyer in Yunnan,and checks out the number and name of Sect.Thea（L.） Dyer in Yunnan,which will offer references for further study and application of tea plants.

小麦品种对禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphumpadi（L．）抗性的模糊优化决策

用模糊统计分析法分别建立了小麦品种感蚜值、蚜虫在不同品种上的内禀增长率、初羽化无翅雌成蚜胚胎数目、品种对种群的干扰效应值及品种耐害性的隶属函数，将８个小麦品种对禾谷缢管蚜的抗性进行了多目标模糊综合决策．结果表明，８５（６７）２４小麦的综合抗性最强，其次为Ｗ６（４０）２，８５（６７）１５的抗性最差．