国产柿属(Diospyros)的叶表皮形态研究及其分类学意义

为了解柿属(Diospyros)植物的叶表皮特征,在光学显微镜下观察了46种2变种植物的叶表皮微形态特征,并进行了主成分分析。结果表明,柿属植物的叶表皮微形态可分为2组:A组的表皮细胞为不规则形,垂周壁浅波状或深波状;B组的表皮细胞为多边形,垂周壁平直或弓形。气孔全部位于下表皮,以无规则型为主,但同时有辐射型、环列型和十字型气孔存在。大多数种具有表皮毛,表皮毛有非腺毛和头状腺毛的区别。柿属植物的叶表皮微形态特征类型多样,能够为部分类群的分类提供较好的形态学证据。

柿(Diospyros kaki L.)果实发育及成熟过程中内源GAs活性和ABA含量的变化

利用生物学方法和气相色谱法分别对柿有代表性的早、中、晚熟品种果实中内源赤霉素类物质(GAs)活性及脱落酸(ABA)含量的变化进行了测定。GAs 活性和 ABA 含量在幼果初期都很高,以后随果实的发育而迅速降低,在果实生长速度缓慢的第二期变化不大。但自果实进入成熟期开始,GAs 活性再次迅速降低,而 ABA 含量却呈增加趋势。发生这种变化的时期,与果实的成熟期一致。讨论了内源值物生长调节物质的平衡与果实成熟的关系。

Antinociceptive Effect of Methanol Extract of Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel Leaves in Mice

Background: Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel, a small to medium-sized tree in the Ebenaceae family, is known as “Deshi Gab” in Bangladesh. Fever, diabetes, snake bite, diarrhea, biliousness, and ulcer ailments are all treated with the herb. This study’s goal was to examine in mouse models the antinociceptive properties of methanol extract of Diospyros malabarica leaves (MEDM). Methods: For the purpose of determining the antinociceptive activity in mice, five distinct pain models including hot plate, tail immersion, acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and glutamate-induced nociception tests were used. The conventional medications were morphine sulphate (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) and diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally). While the control group was expecting deionized water, MEDM was given orally at dosages of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg (0.1 mL/mouse, orally). Results: According to the current research, MEDM strongly reflected the antinociceptive activity of all mouse models of chemical and heat-induced pain (*p < 0.05). 400 and 600 mg/kg demonstrated a considerable (*p < 0.05) ability to prolong the reaction of latency to pain in opposition to thermally produced nociception in hot plate and tail immersion tests. Inhibition levels in the acetic acid-induced writhing test were 11.57%, 37.77%, and 51.83%, respectively. The extract suppressed 20.78%, 45.48%, and 56.93% of licking during the initial stages of formalin-induced nociception. In the late phase, the extract showed higher rates of licking than the control group (13.14%, 50.28%, and 66.85%). The glutamate-induced nociception test was significantly (*p < 0.05) prevented by the plant extract. Compared to the control, it demonstrated an inhibition of licking of 22.85%, 47.32%, and 63.42%, respectively. Conclusions: It is evident that the plant extract has exceptional analgesic properties. To determine the precise processes behind antinociceptive effect and to identify the substances that produce this activity, more research is required. The study’s findings also support the long-standing use of MEDM in painful conditions.

Phytochemical Profile, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities, Safety of Use and Spasmolytic Effects of Aqueous Decoction Extract of Diospyros mespiliformis Leaves Hochst. ex A. DC. (Ebenaceae) on the Isolated Duodenum of Rat

Diospyros mespiliformis Hochst. ex A. DC. (Ebenaceae) is a multi-use plant, including for therapeutic purposes. It is used in alternative medicine in Burkina Faso to treat conjunctivitis, menorrhagia, dysentery, and diarrhea. The aim of our study was to evaluate the chemical profile, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, safety of use and spasmolytic effects of the aqueous decoction of Diospyros mespiliformis leaves. Phytochemical screening by HPTLC and assay of compounds of interest were carried out. Four methods were used to assess antioxidant activity. Inhibitory activity against 15-lipoxygenase and phospholipase A2 was assessed. Acute oral toxicity of the extract was tested on female mice (NMRI). Following these tests, the extract contained bioactive compounds of interest such as flavonoids, tannins, sterols, triterpenes, and saponosides. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the aqueous decoctate were 70.59 ± 3.20 mg EAT/g and 31.57 ± 0.78 mg EQ/g respectively. The extract was less active than Trolox with inhibitory concentrations of 50% (IC50) for the ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and LPO tests of 7.53 ± 0.08 μg/mL, 29.47 ± 0.06 μg/mL, 1128.83 ± 4.82 mol EAA/g, and 32.30 ± 1.60 μg/mL respectively. The extract has an anti-inflammatory effect with inhibition of phospholipase A2 compared to betamethasone. In addition, the aqueous extract produced an antispasmodic effect with Emax of 70% and 80% respectively during contractions induced by BaCl2 and ACh. Finally, this study provided basic scientific data and could justify the use of D. mespiliformis leaves in the treatment of diarrhea.

Effect ofDiospyros kakienriched extender on cattle bull sperm parameters and conception rate

Objective:To explore the effect of Diospyros kaki on cattle spermatozoa during chilling and cryopreservation.Methods: Five milliliter of blended Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) flesh was added to 45 mL TCF to obtain 10% stock solution. Kaki enriched extender (KEE) was prepared by adding to TCF in concentrations 0.0/5.0 mL (control, 0%), 0.5/4.5 mL (1%), 1/4 mL (2%), 1.5/3.5 mL (3%), 2.0/3.0 mL (4%), 2.5/2.5 mL (5%), 3.0/2.0 mL (6%), 3.5/1.5 mL (7%), 4.0/1.0 mL (8%), 4.5/0.5 mL (9%) and 5.0/0.0 mL (10%) to obtain a final volume 5 mL in each tube. Whole egg yolk was added to each tube to obtain KEE with 20% egg yolk (KEEY), all tubes were centrifuged to get rid of debris. Semen was added to the supernatants in other tubes. Extended semen was subjected to evaluation (motility, alive sperm and intact sperm membrane (HOST) %) in both chilled and cryopreserved semen. Conception rate was carried out.Results:Sperm motility was significantly (P<0.0001) kept high after 11 d of chilling with the concentration 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% as compared to the control (41.67±1.67, 41.67±1.67, 40.00±0.00, 41.67±1.67 and 41.67±1.67, respectively) and also non-significantly kept high at the other concentrations up to 9 d of chilling. Addition of KEE had significantly (P<0.0033) improved post thawing sperm motility % with the concentrations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6% as compared to the control (51.67±5.27, 55.00±3.16, 48.33±1.05, 45.00±3.96, 57.00±2.50, 55.00±5.00 and 43.33±5.11 respectively).While the other concentrations exhibit no effect. Addition of KEE maintained alive sperm%, abnormalities% and % of intact spermatozoa membranes (HOST %) as good as the control with all concentrations of kaki used in our study. The conception rate upon using frozen semen in insemination showed higher conception rate in concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6 % KEE in cattle.Conclusion: It could be concluded that some concentrations ofDiospyros kaki improved bull semen quality post-chilling and post-freezing.

Comparative investigation of the free radical scavenging potential and anticancer property of Diospyros blancoi(Ebenaceae)

Objective: To investigate the comparative effects of Diospyros blancoi(Ebenaceae)leaves(DBL), root bark(DBRB) and stem bark(DBSB) on free radicals and cancer.Methods: The polyphenol contents, antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties were determined using standard spectrophotometric methods. Cytotoxicity and anticancer activities were performed on brine shrimp nauplii and Ehrlich ascite carcinoma cells, respectively.Results: Among the extracts, DBSB showed the highest total antioxidant capacity and reducing capacity on ferrous ion. Based on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, DBSB showed(95.760 ± 0.343)% and(67.460 ± 2.641)%scavenging with IC50of(3.10 ± 0.17) and(50.00 ± 3.11) mg/m L, respectively. The IC50 values of standard butylated hydroxytoluene and catechin(CA) for 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and hydroxyl radicals were(8.50 ± 0.25) and(75.00 ± 0.14) mg/m L,respectively suggesting that DBSB had a significant(P < 0.05) radical scavenging activity than standards. In lipid peroxidation inhibition assay, the inhibitory activity of the extracts and the standard was in the following order: DBSB > DBRB > CA > DBL.Also, the phenolic [(139.91 ± 3.924) mg gallic acid equivalent/g] and flavonoid contents[(412.00 ± 16.70) mg catechin equivalent/g)] of DBSB were higher than that of other extracts. In addition, the DBSB showed the moderate cytotoxic and anticancer properties.Conclusions: Our results indicate that Diospyros blancoi stem bark had the significant highest antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties as well as moderate anticancer activity.Hence, we assume that the anticancer activity of this plant can be, at least in part, attributed to its content in phenolic compounds as well as its significant free radical scavenging properties.

Extraction of seed oil from Diospyros lotus optimized using response surface methodology

Oil from seeds of Diospyros lotus was extracted using a conventional method with two different solvents:hexane and petroleum ether. A central composite design with response surface methodology were used to optimize the process. A second-order polynomial equation was employed, and ANOVA was applied to evaluate the impact of various operating parameters including extraction temperature(x_1; 44.9–70.1 °C), extraction time(x_2;5.0–10.0 h) and solvent to solid ratio(x_3;11.6–28.4 mL g^(-1)), on oil yield. Experiments to validate the model showed decent conformity between predicted and actual values. Extraction conditions for optimal oil yield were 61 °C, 8.75 h extraction duration and 19.25 mL g^(-1) solvent to solid ratio. Under these conditions, the oil yield was predicted to be 5.1340%. Oil samples obtained were then analyzed using gas chromatography. The fatty acid composition revealed the major fatty acids to be oleic acid(C18:1) and linoleic acid(C18:2). The analysis of oil also demonstrated a decent ratio between omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. The structure of seeds was imaged using scanning electron microscopy. Oil quality was analyzed thermogravimetrically and by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The assigned nutritional features of the D. lotus oil suggested that it can be used as an edible oil in pharmaceutical and food industry in the future.

In vivo sedative and muscle relaxants activity of Diospyros lotus L

Objective: To evaluate the sedative effect of Diospyros lotus L(D. lotus) extract in mice using the open field and Rota rod tests.Methods: For the sedative and muscle relaxants activities of extract/fractions of the plant, invivo open field and phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time were used, while the Roda rod test was employed in animals for the assessment of muscle relaxant activity.Results: Results from this investigation revealed that the extracts of D. lotus have exhibited significant sedative effect in mice(45.98%) at 100 mg/kg i.p. When the extract was partitioned with different solvents, the n-hexane fraction was inactive whereas the chloroform fraction was the most active with 82.67% sedative effect at 50 and 100 mg/kg i.p. On the other hand,the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions displayed significant sedative effects(55.65% and40.87%, respectively) at 100 mg/kg i.p. Among the tested extract/fractions, only chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed significant(P < 0.05) muscle relaxant activity in the Rota rod test.Conclusions: In short, our study provided scientific background to the traditional uses of D.lotus as sedative.

Effects of two medicinal plants Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) and Diospyros mespiliformis L. (Ebenaceae) leaf extracts on rat skeletal muscle cells in primary culture

Crude decoction, aqueous and ethanolic extracts of two medicinal plants （Psidiura guajava and Diospyros raespiliformis）, widely used in the central plateau of Burkina Faso to treat many diseases were evaluated for their antagonistic effects on caffeine induced calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum of rat skeletal muscle cells. These different extracts showed a decrease of caffeine induced calcium release in a dose dependent manner. Comparison of the results showed that Psidiura guajava leaf extracts are more active than extracts of Diospyros mespiliformis and that crude decoctions show better inhibitory activity. The observed results could explaine their use as antihypertensive and antidiarrhoeal agents in traditional medicine, by inhibiting intracellular calcium release.

Inter-and Intra-specific Genetic Diversity in Diospyros Using SCoT and IRAP Markers

The genus Diospyros contains more than 500 species, among them persimmon(Diospyros kaki Thunb.) is the most economically important species. However, the inter-and intra-specific genetic diversity remains unknown due to historic cultivation, domestication and introduction in different regions of China. In this study, we investigated the genetic diversity and relationship among 268 Diospyros accessions from different regions in China using start codon-targeted(SCo T) and inter-retrotransposon-amplified polymorphism(IRAP) markers. Among 268 samples,232 accessions were D. kaki varieties and 36 were closely related species, that is, D. lotus(21), D. glaucifolia(1), D. virginiana(5), D. kaki Thunb.var. silvestris(3), D. oleifera(5) and D. deyangnsis(1). In our study, a total of 90 and 97 polymorphic alleles were obtained from nine SCo T and nine IRAP markers, respectively, and these markers displayed rich polymorphisms for evaluation of the genetic diversity among 268 samples. A study on the relationship, genetic structure and analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) showed that inter-and intra-specific gene exchanges were frequent among/within the samples from five regions. Moreover, the genetic distance between the Southwest China(SWC) and the other regions was relatively far;the samples from North China(NC), East China(EC), South and Central China(SCC), Northwest China(NWC) regions had a relatively close relationship. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means(UPGMA) and population structure analysis indicated that persimmons within geographic regions were clustered together, which revealed that the samples from various regions exhibited gene exchange, and the geographical proximity of persimmons resulted in a more frequent exchange. In addition, the persimmon had a close relationship with D. kaki var. silvestris, D. deyangnsis and D. oleifera species, and exhibited a far distance with respect to D. virginiana. These SCo T and IRAP markers will be helpful for understanding of the inter-and intra-specific genetic diversity of Diospyros germplasms, which play an important role in the germplasm efficient conservation, identification and utilization for Diospyros resources.

Investigation of the Phytoconstituents and Antioxidant Activity of <i>Diospyros malabarica</i>Fruit Extracts

Diospyros malabarica (Deshi Gab) belonging to the family “Ebenaceae” grows well in the humid tropical climate of Bangladesh. In order to investigate the phytoconstituents both qualitatively and quantitatively, the seed and flesh extracts of D. malabarica were prepared using two polar solvents (i.e., water and 70% ethanol) and a nonpolar solvent (i.e., hexane). The maximum yield was obtained for aqueous and ethanolic seed extracts indicating that most of the phytoconstituents present in D. malabarica fruit are polar. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of diverse amount of phytoconstituents in the extracts. On the other hand, the quantitative phytochemical analysis for phenols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponin, proteins, reducing sugar and vitamin C revealed that the maximum amount of phenols, tannins, flavonoids and reducing sugar were present in aqueous seed extract. However, the maximum amount of total protein and vitamin C was found in ethanolic seed extract. D. malabarica seed powder contained more amount of alkaloids (i.e., 13.6%) than that of flesh (i.e., 3.4%). However, the content of saponin was more in flesh extract (0.74%) when compared to that of seed extract (0.42%). In vitro antioxidant properties of the extracts were also investigated by DPPH free radical scavenging assay, FRAP assay and reducing power assay. The highest antioxidant activity was observed for aqueous seed extract followed by the ethanolic seed, ethanolic flesh, and aqueous flesh extracts. The lowest antioxidant activity was obtained for hexane flesh extract. Furthermore, the lowest (i.e., 44.70 μg/ml) as well as the highest (2359.66 μg/ml) IC50 values were obtained for aqueous seed and hexane flesh extracts, respectively.

Diospyros lycioides Desf:Review of its botany, medicinal uses,pharmacological activities and phytochemistry

Diospyros lycioides Desf.(D. lycioides) is traditionally used as herbal medicine against various human and animal ailments in tropical Africa. The present paper reviewed information on botany, medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of D. lycioides. This review was compiled using scientific literature from electronic search engine such as PubMed,Scopus, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, BioMed Central, Scielo, Medline and Science domain.Additional literatures were obtained from book chapters, books, dissertations, websites and other scientific publications. D. lycioides is used as traditional medicine in 50% of the countries where the species is native in tropical Africa. This study recorded 22 medicinal uses of D.lycioides which included abdominal pains, infertility in women, sexually transmitted infections,and used as chewing sticks(or mouthwash), toothbrushes and ethnoveterinary medicine. D.lycioides extracts demonstrated anti-adhesive, anti-inflammatory, antimetastatic, antioxidant,antifungal, antiproliferative, mutagenicity and antibacterial activities. Future research should focus on the pharmacological properties, phytochemistry, clinical trials and pharmacokinetics of D. lycioides which will enhance the therapeutic potential of the species.

Isolation and structural elucidation of cytotoxic compounds from the root bark of Diospyros quercina (Baill.) endemic to Madagascar

Objective:To isolate and characterize the cytotoxic compounds from Diospyros quercina(Baill.)G.E.Schatz&Lowry(Ebenaceae).Methods:An ethno-botanical survey was conducted in the south of Madagascar from July to August 2010.Bio-guided fractionation assay was carried out on the root bark of Diospyros quercina,using cytotoxicity bioassay on murine P388 leukemia cell lines as model.The structures of the cytotoxic compounds were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.Results:Biological experiments resulted in the isolation of three bioactive pure compounds(named TR-21,TR-22,and TR-23)which exhibited very good in vitro cytotoxic activities with the IC_(50)values of(0.017 5±0.0060)μg/mL,(0.089±0.005)μg/mL and(1.027±0.070)μg/mL respectively.Thus,they support the claims of traditional healers and suggest the possible correlation between the chemical composition of this plant and its wide use in Malagasy folk medicine to treat cancer.Conclusions:The ability of isolated compounds in this study to inhibit cell growth may represent a rational explanation for the use of Diospyros quercina root bark in treating cancer by Malagasy traditional healers.Further studies are,therefore,necessary to evaluate the in vivo antineoplastic activity of these cytotoxic compounds as effective anticancer drugs.

Research on Dyeing Process for Polyamide with Aqueous Extracted from the Fruits of Diospyros Mollis

In this study, polyamide fabrics were dyed with aqueous extracts from Diospyros Mollis fruits. The aqueous extracts from Diospyros Mollis fruits were extracted with water solution at room temperature and a ratio of 1：5 for Diospyros Mollis to water. The influences of temperature in range of 50-100 ℃, time in range of 30-80 minutes and a ratio of aqueous extracts to water in range of 3/1-1/11 were investigated. The results showed that the aqueous extracts from Diospyros Mollis fruits could dye polyamide fabrics to have black color with color strength and fastness properties to be very good level of 4-5.

Determination of Nutrient Contents in the Leaf Litter of <i>Diospyros crassiflora</i>S. (Hiern-FWTA) Plantation in Okwuta-Ibeku, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria

Determination of nutrient contents in Diospyros crassiflora leaf litter was carried out in the Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Okwuta-Ibeku, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria in 2016 and 2017. Three 1 m × 1 m trays were randomly positioned for collection of leaf litter production from 4/5 years old Diospyros crassiflora species in each block (10 m × 25 m) within the plantation totaling 1.5 ha. A Randomised Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates was used to study the mean monthly leaf litterfall of Diospyros crassiflora. Leaf litter was collected from each of the three litter trays per block and placed in paper bags every 28th day of each month from January-December in 2016 and in 2017. Fifteen grammes (15 g) of properly mixed and oven-dried samples of D. crassiflora leaf litter were milled and sieved in 1 mm sieve;0.3 g was used to determine nutrient elements and their concentrations. The data obtained from mineral nutrient contents of D. crassiflora leaf litter was analysed using analysis of variance. Result reveals the mean concentrations of nitrogen (1.41 and 1.41 mg·l-1), phosphorus (0.18 and 0.18 mg·l-1), potassium (0.68 and 0.68 mg·l-1), sodium (0.35 and 0.30 mg·l-1), calcium (1.57 and 1.56 mg·l-1), magnesium (0.32 and 0.31 mg·l-1), chlorine (0.25 and 0.24 mg·l-1), Organic carbon (0.03 and 0.03 mg·l-1) and Organic matter (1.17 and 1.18 mg·l-1) etc. in D. crassiflora leaf litter in January-December (2016 and 2017). The study shows almost uniform distribution of mineral elements concentrations in 2016 and 2017.

Investigation of the Antimicrobial Activity and <i>in Vivo </i>Cytotoxicity of <i>Diospyros malabarica </i>(Desr.) Kostel. Fruit Extracts

Mankind is facing an unprecedented threat of existence due to the antibiotic resistance developed by bacteria. The unripe fruits of Diospyros malabarica (Desr.) Kostel. (family: Ebenaceae) can be considered as one of the natural sources to tackle this issue. The present study is designed to assess the antimicrobial activity of D. malabarica seed and flesh ex-tracts. Herein, D. malabarica extracts were prepared using polar solvents (i.e., water and 70% ethanol) and their antimicrobial activity as well as in vivo toxicity was investigated. Their antibacterial activity was investigated against gram positive (Bacillus subtilis) and gram negative (Escherichia coli DH5α, and Salmonella typhi) bacteria at different time points. All the extracts showed the highest antibacterial activity after 2 hours of incubation. The aqueous seed extract showed the maximum zone of inhibition (i.e., ~13 mm) against Bacillus subtilis with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 2 μg/μl. The an-tibacterial propensity was also confirmed through trypan blue dye exclusion assay, CellToxTM Green assay, and lipid peroxidation (LPO) assay. On the other hand, the etha-nolic seed extract demonstrated higher antifungal activity through inhibition of mycelial growth. All the extracts showed excellent hemocompatibility against both human and rat red blood cells (RBCs). They also did not show any toxicity to rat liver and kidneys. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of D. malabarica seed and flesh could be an effective source of natural antimicrobial agents with no cytotox-ic activity.

极小种群植物川柿叶绿体基因组特征与系统发育分析

川柿(Diospyros sutchuensis)为极小种群和国家重点保护野生植物,分布范围狭窄,种群数量极少。目前,川柿基因组信息缺乏,在柿属(Diospyros)中的系统亲缘关系不明确。该研究通过Illumina平台对川柿叶绿体基因组进行测序,应用Getorganellev1.7.3.4和PGA软件对基因组进行组装和注释,使用DnaSP6.12.03软件进行多序列对比分析,并使用REPuter、Tandem Reapeats Finder和MISA软件进行重复序列分析,使用CodonW1.4和EasyCodemL软件分别进行密码子偏好性和选择压力分析。同时,基于4个不同的叶绿体基因组序列数据集,使用IQtree软件分析川柿与11个柿属物种的系统发育关系。结果表明:(1)川柿叶绿体基因组全长157 917 bp,包含1对26 111 bp的反向重复区、大单拷贝区(87 303 bp)和小单拷贝区(18 392 bp),GC碱基含量为37.4%。(2)川柿叶绿体基因组共注释到113个基因,包括79个蛋白编码基因、30个tRNA基因和4个rRNA基因;共检测到49个长重复序列、27个串联重复序列和34个简单重复序列;蛋白编码基因中高频密码子31个,多数密码子末位碱基为A或U,编码亮氨酸的密码子使用最多;基因组编码区比非编码区更为保守,10个高变热点区域可作为潜在的分子标记;蛋白编码基因中有8个基因(ndhB、ndhG、ndhI、rbcL、rpoB、petB、petD、rps12)受到正选择压力。(3)系统发育分析显示,川柿与老鸦柿(D.rhombifolia)和乌柿(D.cathayensis)亲缘关系最为密切,它们与海南柿(D.hainanensis)共同形成一个单系分支。该研究结果既为川柿及柿属种质资源鉴定、遗传多样性保护以及种群恢复等提供了叶绿体基因组资源,也为阐明川柿的系统进化提供了重要的分子信息。

君迁子组培苗生根移栽体系优化

以常规君迁子组培苗为试材,研究不同植物生长调节剂处理下组培苗的生根效果,并探索移栽后不同保湿时间对组培苗移栽成活率的影响,以期获得君迁子(Diospyros lotus L.)组培苗生根移栽的高效技术体系,并为我国柿砧木无性系扩繁提供参考依据。结果表明:在1.0 mg·L^(-1) IBA+0.5 mg·L^(-1) IAA处理下,君迁子组培苗生根效果最好,生根率可达95.56%,平均根条数为7.93,平均鲜质量0.59 g,根系活力0.99μg·g^(-1)·h^(-1),平均总根长26.57 cm,平均根系表面积10.33 cm~2,平均根体积0.32 cm~3,平均根直径可达0.61 mm;移栽后保湿培养10 d组培苗成活率最高为90.44%,移栽至大田5个月后平均株高64.32 cm,茎粗6.86 mm,可用于接穗的嫁接繁殖。

西南地区野生岩柿的光合与水分生理特征

以中国西南地区野生岩柿幼苗(Diospyros dumetorum W.W.Smith)为试验材料,探讨岩柿光合与水分生理特征规律,以期为岩柿资源保护、西南地区乡土植物群落修复提供理论和技术支持。分别使用Li-6800便携式光合测定仪和露点水势仪对光合生理指标和叶水势日变化进行测定,苗期岩柿叶片光饱和点为856.7919μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),光补偿点为20.4177μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1),最大净光合速率为9.9469μmol·m^(-2)·s^(-1);其净光合速率主要与大气温度(T_(a))、气孔限制值(L_(s))、叶肉瞬时羧化效率(M_(CE))、蒸腾速率(E)、水分利用效率(W_(UE))、气孔导度(G_(s))影响因子呈正相关,叶片水势与大气温度(T_(a))、大气湿度(R_(H))与光合有效辐射(P_(AR))环境因子有密切关系,苗期岩柿光适应范围较窄,光饱和点及光补偿点偏低,在温度较高、湿度较低、光辐射强的环境下岩柿幼苗吸水能力减弱,使得其幼苗在光辐射强、植被覆盖率低的西南地区较为少见,因此,岩柿更适宜在适度遮荫的林下空间生长,在西南地区进行乡土植物岩柿的培育及经营管理时应进行合理植物配置、建立多层次林分结构,为岩柿幼苗提供一定遮光、降温、增湿的作用,将有助于其发挥更大的生态效益。

君迁子组培体系的建立及优化

【目的】建立君迁子(Diospyros lotus L.)组培快繁体系并进行优化,为君迁子组培苗的生产应用提供技术支持及理论依据。【方法】以污染率、褐化率、成活率为考察指标,设置体积分数10%H 2O 2消毒10,20,30 min和体积分数2%NaClO消毒5 min+体积分数10%H 2O 2消毒10 min 4个处理,筛选君迁子外植体适宜的消毒方法;分别以君迁子萌动芽、春梢、腋芽和休眠芽作为外植体,筛选最合适的外植体材料;分析DKW、(1/2N)MS、1/2MS、MS培养基对组培苗启动培养的影响,筛选组培苗生长的最适培养基;增殖培养中,激素ZT、6-BA均设0,1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0 mg/L 5个水平,IAA设0.05,0.1,0.2 mg/L 3个水平,筛选组培苗继代增殖最适激素配比;最后分析不同质量浓度IBA(0,1.0,2.0,3.0 mg/L)对组培苗生根的影响。【结果】君迁子外植体最适的消毒方法为体积分数2%NaClO消毒5 min+体积分数10%H 2O 2消毒10 min;最佳外植体材料为萌动芽,其成活率可达60.00%;在(1/2N)MS培养基上组培苗生长更加健壮,启动培养效果较好;增殖培养最佳的激素配比为3.0 mg/L ZT+0.1 mg/L IAA,在此处理下,组培苗2级愈伤占比79.00%,显著高于其余处理,2级和3级株高占比分别为55.33%和44.67%,长势均匀且主茎粗壮,其增殖系数达5.83;君迁子生根培养较为适宜的IBA质量浓度为1.0 mg/L,生根率可达83.33%。【结论】初步建立了较为完整的君迁子组培体系,有助于柿砧木无性系产业化扩繁的推进。