<strong>Background:</strong> In Nigeria Pentavalent vaccine had replaced Diphtheria-Pertussis- Tetanus [DPT] vaccine in the prevention of pertussis since 2012. <strong>Aims and Objectives:</strong...<strong>Background:</strong> In Nigeria Pentavalent vaccine had replaced Diphtheria-Pertussis- Tetanus [DPT] vaccine in the prevention of pertussis since 2012. <strong>Aims and Objectives:</strong> The aim of this study was to compare the anti-pertussis immunoglobin G (IgG) response of children who received DPT with those who received the pentavalent vaccine. <strong>Subjects and Methods:</strong> This study was carried out in Akpabuyo LGA of Cross River State from April to June 2016. It was a cross-sectional survey of anti-pertussis IgG levels in children aged 6 months to 5 years who received DPT and those who received pentavalent vaccine. IgG antibody levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protective level was set at >11 DU according to manufacturer’s cut off point. <strong>Results:</strong> Seventy eight out of 230 children [33.9%] who had received DPT had protective levels of anti-pertussis IgG compared to 74 out of 192 children [38.5%] who had received pentavalent vaccine. The difference was not statistically significant [<em>p</em> = 0.61]. The median IgG antibody level in those who received DPT was 8.0 DU (interquartile range (IQR) 4.0 - 13.0) compared with 9.0 DU (IQR) 4.0 - 15.0 in those who received pentavalent vaccine [<em>p</em> = 0.18]. No single factor investigated predicted the development of protective levels of antibody in the multivariate analysis. <strong>Conclusion/Recommendation:</strong> There was no difference in the antipertussis antibody response between DPT and pentavalent vaccines recipients. Further study is needed to elucidate factors that could be responsible for low anti-pertussis antibody response in this population.展开更多
Background: The objective of this study is to determine whether analyze of the infant’s pain associated with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) immunization is useful for vaccination in children. It is not known whet...Background: The objective of this study is to determine whether analyze of the infant’s pain associated with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) immunization is useful for vaccination in children. It is not known whether the immunization pain can be prevented with the adequate choice of DPT vaccines among several manufacturers in Japan. Further, it is not clear whether the difference of the reaction during vaccination between gender and age. Design: Three manufacturer’s Japanese DPT vaccines were used in this study. The parents assessed their infant’s pain on a modified visual analogue scale (MVAS), the start of the crying and total crying time during the immunization. Results: The A manufacturer’s DPT vaccine was significantly lower on the proportion of crying, the duration of crying and MVAS score than the other two manufacturer’s DPT vaccines. The proportion of crying, the duration of crying and MVAS score was lower in the boy than in the girl. On the other hand, it had not found the difference of their reactions with age. Conclusions: Our studies have found that the adequate choice of DPT vaccine decreased vaccination pain. The studies also indicate that some tendencies with vaccinations were shown in children. To consider these tendencies was useful in performing less painful vaccination.展开更多
Aim:Pertussis is a respiratory tract infection,the vaccine for which was introduced in the Expanded Programme on Immunization(EPI)in Guizhou Province of China(hereafter referred as Guizhou)in the 1980s.This vaccine ra...Aim:Pertussis is a respiratory tract infection,the vaccine for which was introduced in the Expanded Programme on Immunization(EPI)in Guizhou Province of China(hereafter referred as Guizhou)in the 1980s.This vaccine rapidly decreased incidence rates of pertussis in the province,however,despite the wide high coverage of the diphtheria,tetanus and acellular pertussis(DTaP)combined vaccine,there has been a resurgence of pertussis since 2014.Even with this recent increase in disease transmission,risk factors for pertussis infection have not been evaluated in Guizhou.We aimed to provide information on pertussis risk factors and insight on designing targeted pertussis control policies and measures through this study.Methods:A 1:2 matched retrospective case-control study was conducted between 2016 and 2017,involving infants and children younger than 6 years old and parents of the participants.The enrolled cases included clinical and laboratory confirmed pertussis cases according to the WHO-recommended pertussis definition.Controls were selected from children in the same neighborhood who were not diagnosed with pertussis prior to our investigation and did not exhibit any clinical manifestations of pertussis.Results:The household size[Matched odds ratio(OR_(m)=1.4,95%confidence interval(Cl):1.1-1.7]and household members with antecedent cough(OR_(m)=3.6,95%CI:1.8-7.2)were significantly associated with their child’s pertussis onset.The parents’occupations were significantly associated with their child’s pertussis onset(ORm=9.4,95%CI:1.6-54.8,for mother side;ORm=4.5,95%CI:1.2-16.5,for father side),when they worked in the business and/or service industry.Having family members with a history of cough was an independent risk factor for pertussis[Adjusted odds ratio(AOR)=43.6,95%CI:2.7-694.0].Besides,the parents’demographic characteristics and DTaP doses were not found to be independent factors.Conclusion:Household exposure is an important risk factor for pertussis infection in infants and young children and should therefore be considered as a major factor during formulation of pertussis control policies and measures.展开更多
目的观察候选无细胞百白破-Sabin株灭活脊髓灰质炎联合疫苗(DTaP-sIPV)在大鼠中的免疫保护效果,为疫苗临床前研究提供依据。方法将候选疫苗DTaP-sIPV、无细胞百白破-灭活脊髓灰质炎-b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗(DTaP-IPV/Hib)、吸附无细胞...目的观察候选无细胞百白破-Sabin株灭活脊髓灰质炎联合疫苗(DTaP-sIPV)在大鼠中的免疫保护效果,为疫苗临床前研究提供依据。方法将候选疫苗DTaP-sIPV、无细胞百白破-灭活脊髓灰质炎-b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗(DTaP-IPV/Hib)、吸附无细胞百白破-b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗(DTaP/Hib)、百日咳疫苗效力参考品(全细胞疫苗,wP)按0、30、60 d 3剂免疫程序免疫Wistar大鼠,检测各组大鼠每剂免疫后的血清中各组分抗体水平。在免疫完成后3周,用百日咳18323株通过气雾攻击的方式感染大鼠。在感染后的第3、7、14、21和28天检测各组白细胞数、肺部菌落克隆形成数以及百日咳疫苗组分抗体变化水平。结果候选疫苗组3剂次免疫完成后PT抗体几何平均滴度(GMT,log2)为16.74,FHA抗体GMT为18.44,PRN抗体GMT为10.75,DT抗体GMT为17.34,TT抗体GMT为17.84,针对3种Sabin脊髓灰质炎病毒株(Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型)的抗体的GMT分别为7.57、8.41和9.70,均达到100%阳转。候选疫苗抗原组分抗体除了PRN和I型IPV外,其他组分抗体水平均与疫苗对照组相比无显著性差异。在基础免疫完成后3周对大鼠进行百日咳杆菌气雾攻击,各疫苗组均表现较好的保护效果,白细胞水平都呈现平稳状态,虽然在肺部也检测到少量细菌定植,但各疫苗组间差异不明显,且在感染后第28天都清除至检测限;而空白对照组在肺部则检测到了大量细菌定植,且在感染后第28天都并未清除至检测限,百日咳特异性的FHA和PRN抗体在感染后的第14天也出现了相应的升高。结论候选疫苗在Wistar大鼠模型上具有较好的免疫保护效果。展开更多
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> In Nigeria Pentavalent vaccine had replaced Diphtheria-Pertussis- Tetanus [DPT] vaccine in the prevention of pertussis since 2012. <strong>Aims and Objectives:</strong> The aim of this study was to compare the anti-pertussis immunoglobin G (IgG) response of children who received DPT with those who received the pentavalent vaccine. <strong>Subjects and Methods:</strong> This study was carried out in Akpabuyo LGA of Cross River State from April to June 2016. It was a cross-sectional survey of anti-pertussis IgG levels in children aged 6 months to 5 years who received DPT and those who received pentavalent vaccine. IgG antibody levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protective level was set at >11 DU according to manufacturer’s cut off point. <strong>Results:</strong> Seventy eight out of 230 children [33.9%] who had received DPT had protective levels of anti-pertussis IgG compared to 74 out of 192 children [38.5%] who had received pentavalent vaccine. The difference was not statistically significant [<em>p</em> = 0.61]. The median IgG antibody level in those who received DPT was 8.0 DU (interquartile range (IQR) 4.0 - 13.0) compared with 9.0 DU (IQR) 4.0 - 15.0 in those who received pentavalent vaccine [<em>p</em> = 0.18]. No single factor investigated predicted the development of protective levels of antibody in the multivariate analysis. <strong>Conclusion/Recommendation:</strong> There was no difference in the antipertussis antibody response between DPT and pentavalent vaccines recipients. Further study is needed to elucidate factors that could be responsible for low anti-pertussis antibody response in this population.
文摘Background: The objective of this study is to determine whether analyze of the infant’s pain associated with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (DPT) immunization is useful for vaccination in children. It is not known whether the immunization pain can be prevented with the adequate choice of DPT vaccines among several manufacturers in Japan. Further, it is not clear whether the difference of the reaction during vaccination between gender and age. Design: Three manufacturer’s Japanese DPT vaccines were used in this study. The parents assessed their infant’s pain on a modified visual analogue scale (MVAS), the start of the crying and total crying time during the immunization. Results: The A manufacturer’s DPT vaccine was significantly lower on the proportion of crying, the duration of crying and MVAS score than the other two manufacturer’s DPT vaccines. The proportion of crying, the duration of crying and MVAS score was lower in the boy than in the girl. On the other hand, it had not found the difference of their reactions with age. Conclusions: Our studies have found that the adequate choice of DPT vaccine decreased vaccination pain. The studies also indicate that some tendencies with vaccinations were shown in children. To consider these tendencies was useful in performing less painful vaccination.
基金supported by grants from the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Province of China(Grant No.[2019]1185).
文摘Aim:Pertussis is a respiratory tract infection,the vaccine for which was introduced in the Expanded Programme on Immunization(EPI)in Guizhou Province of China(hereafter referred as Guizhou)in the 1980s.This vaccine rapidly decreased incidence rates of pertussis in the province,however,despite the wide high coverage of the diphtheria,tetanus and acellular pertussis(DTaP)combined vaccine,there has been a resurgence of pertussis since 2014.Even with this recent increase in disease transmission,risk factors for pertussis infection have not been evaluated in Guizhou.We aimed to provide information on pertussis risk factors and insight on designing targeted pertussis control policies and measures through this study.Methods:A 1:2 matched retrospective case-control study was conducted between 2016 and 2017,involving infants and children younger than 6 years old and parents of the participants.The enrolled cases included clinical and laboratory confirmed pertussis cases according to the WHO-recommended pertussis definition.Controls were selected from children in the same neighborhood who were not diagnosed with pertussis prior to our investigation and did not exhibit any clinical manifestations of pertussis.Results:The household size[Matched odds ratio(OR_(m)=1.4,95%confidence interval(Cl):1.1-1.7]and household members with antecedent cough(OR_(m)=3.6,95%CI:1.8-7.2)were significantly associated with their child’s pertussis onset.The parents’occupations were significantly associated with their child’s pertussis onset(ORm=9.4,95%CI:1.6-54.8,for mother side;ORm=4.5,95%CI:1.2-16.5,for father side),when they worked in the business and/or service industry.Having family members with a history of cough was an independent risk factor for pertussis[Adjusted odds ratio(AOR)=43.6,95%CI:2.7-694.0].Besides,the parents’demographic characteristics and DTaP doses were not found to be independent factors.Conclusion:Household exposure is an important risk factor for pertussis infection in infants and young children and should therefore be considered as a major factor during formulation of pertussis control policies and measures.
文摘目的观察候选无细胞百白破-Sabin株灭活脊髓灰质炎联合疫苗(DTaP-sIPV)在大鼠中的免疫保护效果,为疫苗临床前研究提供依据。方法将候选疫苗DTaP-sIPV、无细胞百白破-灭活脊髓灰质炎-b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗(DTaP-IPV/Hib)、吸附无细胞百白破-b型流感嗜血杆菌联合疫苗(DTaP/Hib)、百日咳疫苗效力参考品(全细胞疫苗,wP)按0、30、60 d 3剂免疫程序免疫Wistar大鼠,检测各组大鼠每剂免疫后的血清中各组分抗体水平。在免疫完成后3周,用百日咳18323株通过气雾攻击的方式感染大鼠。在感染后的第3、7、14、21和28天检测各组白细胞数、肺部菌落克隆形成数以及百日咳疫苗组分抗体变化水平。结果候选疫苗组3剂次免疫完成后PT抗体几何平均滴度(GMT,log2)为16.74,FHA抗体GMT为18.44,PRN抗体GMT为10.75,DT抗体GMT为17.34,TT抗体GMT为17.84,针对3种Sabin脊髓灰质炎病毒株(Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ型)的抗体的GMT分别为7.57、8.41和9.70,均达到100%阳转。候选疫苗抗原组分抗体除了PRN和I型IPV外,其他组分抗体水平均与疫苗对照组相比无显著性差异。在基础免疫完成后3周对大鼠进行百日咳杆菌气雾攻击,各疫苗组均表现较好的保护效果,白细胞水平都呈现平稳状态,虽然在肺部也检测到少量细菌定植,但各疫苗组间差异不明显,且在感染后第28天都清除至检测限;而空白对照组在肺部则检测到了大量细菌定植,且在感染后第28天都并未清除至检测限,百日咳特异性的FHA和PRN抗体在感染后的第14天也出现了相应的升高。结论候选疫苗在Wistar大鼠模型上具有较好的免疫保护效果。
