Common wheat is an important and widely cultivated food crop throughout the world.Much progress has been made in regard to wheat genome sequencing in the last decade.Starting from the sequencing of single chromosomes/...Common wheat is an important and widely cultivated food crop throughout the world.Much progress has been made in regard to wheat genome sequencing in the last decade.Starting from the sequencing of single chromosomes/chromosome arms whole genome sequences of common wheat and its diploid and tetraploid ancestors have been decoded along with the development of sequencing and assembling technologies. In this review, we give a brief summary on international progress in wheat genome sequencing, and mainly focus on reviewing the effort and contributions made by Chinese scientists.展开更多
In higher plants, phosphomannomutase(PMM) is essential for synthesizing the antioxidant ascorbic acid through the Smirnoff–Wheeler pathway. Previously, we characterized six PMM genes(Ta PMM-A1, A2, B1, B2, D1 and D2)...In higher plants, phosphomannomutase(PMM) is essential for synthesizing the antioxidant ascorbic acid through the Smirnoff–Wheeler pathway. Previously, we characterized six PMM genes(Ta PMM-A1, A2, B1, B2, D1 and D2) in common wheat(Triticum aestivum, AABBDD).Here, we report a molecular genetic analysis of PMM genes in Triticum monococcum(AmAm), a diploid wheat species whose Amgenome is closely related to the A genome of common wheat. Two distinct PMM genes, Tm PMM-1 and Tm PMM-2, were found in T. monococcum. The coding region of Tm PMM-1 was intact and highly conserved. In contrast, two main Tm PMM-2 alleles were identified, with Tm PMM-2a possessing an intact coding sequence and Tm PMM-2b being a pseudogene. The transcript level of Tm PMM-2a was much higher than that of Tm PMM-2b, and a bacterially expressed Tm PMM-2a recombinant protein displayed relatively high PMM activity. In general, the total transcript level of PMM was substantially higher in accessions carrying Tm PMM-1 and Tm PMM-2a than those harboring Tm PMM-1 and Tm PMM-2b. However, total PMM protein and activity levels did not differ drastically between the two genotypes. This work provides new information on PMM genes in T. monococcum and expands our understanding on Triticeae PMM genes, which may aid further functional and applied studies of PMM in crop plants.展开更多
Genetic and epigenetic changes after polyploidization events could result in variable gene expression and modified regulatory networks.Here,using large-scale transcriptome data,we constructed co-expression networks fo...Genetic and epigenetic changes after polyploidization events could result in variable gene expression and modified regulatory networks.Here,using large-scale transcriptome data,we constructed co-expression networks for diploid,tetraploid,and hexaploid wheat species,and built a platform for comparing co-expression networks of allohexaploid wheat and its progenitors,named WheatCENet.WheatCENet is a platform for searching and comparing specific functional coexpression networks,as well as identifying the related functions of the genes clustered therein.Functional annotations like pathways,gene families,protein-protein interactions,microRNAs(miRNAs),and several lines of epigenome data are integrated into this platform,and Gene Ontology(GO)annotation,gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA),motif identification,and other useful tools are also included.Using WheatCENet,we found that the network of WHEAT ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION I(WAPOI)has more co-expressed genes related to spike development in hexaploid wheat than its progenitors.We also found a novel motif of CCWWWWWWGG(CArG)specifically in the promoter region of WAPO-Al,suggesting that neofunctionalization of the WAPO-AI gene affects spikelet development in hexaploid wheat.WheatCENet is useful for investigating co-expression networks and conducting other analyses,and thus facilitates comparative and functional genomic studies in wheat.展开更多
Allopolyploidy accelerates genome evolution in wheat in two ways： 1） allopolyploidization triggers rapid genome alterations （revolutionary changes） through the instantaneous generation of a variety of cardinal gen...Allopolyploidy accelerates genome evolution in wheat in two ways： 1） allopolyploidization triggers rapid genome alterations （revolutionary changes） through the instantaneous generation of a variety of cardinal genetic and epigenetic changes, and 2） the allopolyploid condition facilitates sporadic genomic changes during the life of the species （evolutionary changes） that are not attainable at the diploid level. The revolutionary alterations, occurring during the formation of the allopolyploid and leading to rapid cytological and genetic diploidization, facilitate the successful establishment of the newly formed allopolyploid in nature. On the other hand, the evolutionary changes, occurring during the life of the allopolyploids, increase the intra-specific genetic diversity, and consequently, increased fimess, adaptability and competitiveness. These phenomena, emphasizing the dynamic plasticity of the allopolyploid wheat genome with regards to both structure and function, are described and discussed in this review.展开更多
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (QYZDJ-SSW-SMC001)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0101004)
文摘Common wheat is an important and widely cultivated food crop throughout the world.Much progress has been made in regard to wheat genome sequencing in the last decade.Starting from the sequencing of single chromosomes/chromosome arms whole genome sequences of common wheat and its diploid and tetraploid ancestors have been decoded along with the development of sequencing and assembling technologies. In this review, we give a brief summary on international progress in wheat genome sequencing, and mainly focus on reviewing the effort and contributions made by Chinese scientists.
基金Supported by Project of Knowledge Innovation Engineeringof Chinese Academyof Sciences(No.KZCX3-SW-444)creativeitemplan of graduate student of Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry(No.05YCH023).
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Program of Nantong (BK2012062)the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB118302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30771306)
文摘In higher plants, phosphomannomutase(PMM) is essential for synthesizing the antioxidant ascorbic acid through the Smirnoff–Wheeler pathway. Previously, we characterized six PMM genes(Ta PMM-A1, A2, B1, B2, D1 and D2) in common wheat(Triticum aestivum, AABBDD).Here, we report a molecular genetic analysis of PMM genes in Triticum monococcum(AmAm), a diploid wheat species whose Amgenome is closely related to the A genome of common wheat. Two distinct PMM genes, Tm PMM-1 and Tm PMM-2, were found in T. monococcum. The coding region of Tm PMM-1 was intact and highly conserved. In contrast, two main Tm PMM-2 alleles were identified, with Tm PMM-2a possessing an intact coding sequence and Tm PMM-2b being a pseudogene. The transcript level of Tm PMM-2a was much higher than that of Tm PMM-2b, and a bacterially expressed Tm PMM-2a recombinant protein displayed relatively high PMM activity. In general, the total transcript level of PMM was substantially higher in accessions carrying Tm PMM-1 and Tm PMM-2a than those harboring Tm PMM-1 and Tm PMM-2b. However, total PMM protein and activity levels did not differ drastically between the two genotypes. This work provides new information on PMM genes in T. monococcum and expands our understanding on Triticeae PMM genes, which may aid further functional and applied studies of PMM in crop plants.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31970629 and 31771467 to ZS,and 31870209 to YJ).
文摘Genetic and epigenetic changes after polyploidization events could result in variable gene expression and modified regulatory networks.Here,using large-scale transcriptome data,we constructed co-expression networks for diploid,tetraploid,and hexaploid wheat species,and built a platform for comparing co-expression networks of allohexaploid wheat and its progenitors,named WheatCENet.WheatCENet is a platform for searching and comparing specific functional coexpression networks,as well as identifying the related functions of the genes clustered therein.Functional annotations like pathways,gene families,protein-protein interactions,microRNAs(miRNAs),and several lines of epigenome data are integrated into this platform,and Gene Ontology(GO)annotation,gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA),motif identification,and other useful tools are also included.Using WheatCENet,we found that the network of WHEAT ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION I(WAPOI)has more co-expressed genes related to spike development in hexaploid wheat than its progenitors.We also found a novel motif of CCWWWWWWGG(CArG)specifically in the promoter region of WAPO-Al,suggesting that neofunctionalization of the WAPO-AI gene affects spikelet development in hexaploid wheat.WheatCENet is useful for investigating co-expression networks and conducting other analyses,and thus facilitates comparative and functional genomic studies in wheat.
文摘Allopolyploidy accelerates genome evolution in wheat in two ways： 1） allopolyploidization triggers rapid genome alterations （revolutionary changes） through the instantaneous generation of a variety of cardinal genetic and epigenetic changes, and 2） the allopolyploid condition facilitates sporadic genomic changes during the life of the species （evolutionary changes） that are not attainable at the diploid level. The revolutionary alterations, occurring during the formation of the allopolyploid and leading to rapid cytological and genetic diploidization, facilitate the successful establishment of the newly formed allopolyploid in nature. On the other hand, the evolutionary changes, occurring during the life of the allopolyploids, increase the intra-specific genetic diversity, and consequently, increased fimess, adaptability and competitiveness. These phenomena, emphasizing the dynamic plasticity of the allopolyploid wheat genome with regards to both structure and function, are described and discussed in this review.
