The Identity and Discourse in Georgian and Turkey Diplomatic Relations Between 2002-2022

This article’s primary objective is to answer the question of what is the semantic language of identity and interests of Turkey and Georgia?In addition,it analyzes the connotative quotes that exchanged between the two countries during diplomatic visits.Because the article concentrated on the remarks that were stressed during visits and meetings that took place between the years 2002 and 2022,it was necessary to search through 150 news on civil.ge site and filter down to 35 news before applying the content analysis.The AntConc corpus analysis was used in order to comprehend the nature of the political conversation between both countries.According to the findings,the constructivism of core theme that claim states view each other via the identity through interaction was verified.The purpose of the research is to provide a contribution to the study of the identities and interests of Georgia and Turkey who are good neighbors.

From Cooperation to Confrontation:The Collapse of the Reform Concept Led by Austria-Hungary and Russia in Macedonia(1903-1908)

As two major Great Powers in the geopolitics of the Balkans,the relationship between Austria-Hungary and Russia directly affected the stability of the political situation in Europe and the Balkans.At the beginning of the 20th century,the Austro-Russian cooperation dominated the Macedonian reforms,but with the deepening of the reforms,the structural contradictions between the two countries were fully exposed,and the original cooperative relationship went to a rupture.This drastically changed relationship became an important factor in the restructuring of relations between the Great Powers and the Balkan states before the First World War.

RECENT AND FORTHCOMING EVENTS

Asia.Chinese Ballet Amazes Mongolia.This year marks the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Mongolia,the 30th anniversary of the signing of the China-Mongolia Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation,and the 10th anniversary of the establishment of a comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Mongolia.

Personification in Chinese Diplomatic Discourse and the Construction of National Identity Based on Corpus:A Case Study of the Regular Press Conference of Ministry of Foreign Affairs

With the development of the major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics,diplomatic discourse,as an important part of building China’s international discourse power,has attracted much attention.Personification is a common means in diplomatic discourse.By giving anthropomorphic expressions to countries,regions,institutions and policies,the purpose of building national identity and establishing national image can be achieved.Based on conceptual metaphor theory and national identity theory,this paper focuses on personification in diplomatic discourse with a case study of the regular press conference of Ministry of Foreign Affairs.It is found that the spokesperson skillfully constructed China’s positive national identity,such as peace-loving,openness and inclusiveness by using a large number of body metaphor,kinship metaphor and role metaphor.

CISG与PICC——互为补充的两个法律文件(英文)

Ⅰ.Introduction Without a doubt,both the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods(hereinafter:CISG) and the Unidroit Principles represent landmarks in the process of international unification of law.The CISG,unanimously adopted in 1980 by a diplomatic Conference with the participation of representatives

Political Words in Diplomatic Translation

The translation of political words in diplomacy is the central topic in this thesis.The thesis analyses the translation of political words with specific examples with discussing the main features of diplomatic language.The method of the thesis is taxonomic study.Politi cal words are with unique features of formalness,tactfulness and sensitiveness.Choosing different strategies according to the type of political words is the key in political translation.The thesis focuses on discussing how to translate fix expressions,formal word,terms and four-char acter phrases.

An Analysis of Diplomatic Escort Interpreting from the Perspective of Contextual Adaptation

Verschueren's Theory of Adaptation argues that the process of using language is the result of the language users consciously make continuous linguistic choices and adapt to the contexts, consciously or unconsciously, for language-internal and/or language-external reasons. The contextual adaptation well explains the characteristics of dynamic contextual development in diplomatic escort interpreting. It is helpful for interpreters to understand that the choice-making was constrained by different contexts in diplomatic interpreting. In addition, interpreters should adapt to the various factors of the context thus can make flexible and appropriate choices in delivering target language in order to promote the quality of interpretation and achieve the satisfactory communicative effect.

Narrative Framing on C- E Translation of President Xi's Diplomatic Speeches

Narratives are"the everyday stories we live by"(Baker, 2006:3), they are featured by inter-media, inter-disciplines and inter-genres and play key role in cross-cultural communication. Narratives not only represent reality, but constitute reality by"accentuating, undermining or modifying aspects of the narrative(s) encoded in the source text or utterance"(Baker, 2006:5) in a way to intensify or weaken international political conflict, and in doing so participate in shaping social reality. The narrative account on translation raised up by Mona Baker"may constitute yet another turning point in translation studies"(Fan, 2009: 57), because she reveals that translation not only closely connects politics, but also creates politics(Baker, 2011:6). This provides a theoretical basis for us to discuss how translation shapes political speeches from the perspective of narration.Framing is what makes narratives takes into effective. The thesis will interpret translation of President Xi's diplomatic speeches from Baker's narrative account by the following framing means: labeling and repositioning of participants. It analyzes how President Xi's diplomatic speeches serves for enhancing consensus and reducing conflicts. It is hoped that the thesis will offer some suggestions on building a narrative system with Chinese characteristics and establishing more effective and skilled strategies for international communication.

合作原则视角下的外交模糊语言分析（英文）

Cooperative Principle calls for people to speak in such a way that is informative, truthful, relevant, clear and brief.However, in diplomatic circle,sometimes politicians do not obey the Cooperative Principle, frequently conveying indirectly their meanings by using vague expressions for various political purposes.This essay analyzes the vagueness in diplomatic language from the perspective Cooperative Principle, investigating how the use of vagueness violates the Cooperative Principle and how diplomats manage to achieve various pragmatic purposes.

An Analysis of Diplomatic Vagueness and Its Translation

Diplomatic language is of vital importance in current affairs and international relationship. Many studies have been made worldwide, and exciting breakthroughs, especially those in the field of social intercourse, foreign affairs negotiation, artificial intelligence and answering to sensitive questions, have been achieved through its application. They are, however, limited to oral and written practice in speeches, addresses, negotiations and treaties between diplomats and government leaders in dealing with the political foreign affairs. This paper makes an analysis of Chinese diplomatic language, especially focuses on the pragmatic goals of the diplomatic vagueness, and then proposes some translation strategies. Firstly, it notes the definition of"vagueness", which gives the premise of diplomatic vagueness. Secondly, the pragmatic goals are analyzed and several communicative affect of this certain kind of language phenomenon. Then, the author notes the famous"functional equivalence"rule by Nida, which settle solid theoretical foundation for the research. Some cases are researched and translation strategies are proposed. It attempts to give some enlightenment to the study of communicative and translation skills in foreign affairs, also, how to be a better translator and interpreter in this aspect.

A Pragmatic Approach to Vagueness in Diplomatic Language

Fuzzy words are abundant in all human languages,and widely used in diplomatic language without exception.As one of the tactics and speech skills,appropriate vagueness can meet the special requirements of social contact and accomplish the communicative task.Vagueness has become an indispensable artistic skill for diplomatic personnel.If we analyze diplomatic vagueness from the pragmatic perspective,we can find the grounds for its existence.This thesis first discusses three different definitions of vagueness,the characteristics of diplomatic language,and the basic pragmatic theories:the Cooperative Principle,the Politeness Principle,which will be used to analyze vagueness.Then,through diplomatic examples,the author explores,in detail,the positive effects of diplomatic vagueness.From the perspective of Cooperative Principle,diplomatic vagueness violates quality maxim and quantity maxim,so as to reach certain communicative effects.From the perspective of Politeness Principle,diplomatic vagueness may obey tact maxim,agreement maxim,approbation maxim and sympathy maxim.

The Vague Language in Diplomatic Field from the Perspective of Pragmatics

Vague language phenomena are common in communication.With its wide application,it is not only a phenomenon in language usage,moreover,it has become a communicative strategy.The employment of vague language is an essential skill in diplomatic occasion.This paper analyzes the vague languages in diplomatic field in the perspective of pragmatics,especially from the angle of Politeness Principle and Cooperative Principle,and explains the unique functions of vague language in diplomatic field.

Study on Pragmatic Vagueness in Diplomatic Language

Vagueness in natural language is one of the most common social phenomenon, however, it was not until the development of fuzzy set theory which was put forward by L.A. Zadeh that scholars began to realize the importance of vagueness in language. Up to now, many researchers have made substantial progress in describing and explaining this complex phenomenon. In this thesis, the writer aims at studying the linguistic devices of vagueness and their pragmatic functions to help the general readers to have a better understanding of vagueness in diplomatic language.

On the Metafunctions in Diplomatic Discourse:An Analysis on the Answer of Foreign Ministry Spokesman

Taking the answer of Foreign Ministry Spokesman as material,the essay intends to study the metafunctions in diplomatic discourse from the perspective of Systematic-Functional Grammar. According to the study of transitivity,mood,modality and thematic progression patterns in the material,it is found that the metafunctions are achieved in diplomatic discourse appropriately,and help to strengthen the preciseness, reliability and systematicness of spokesman's words.

Analysis of Vagueness in Diplomatic Language from the Politeness Principle

The Politeness Principle overcomes the shortcoming of the Cooperative Principle which can not explain why people tend to express their ideas in an indirect and implicit way. In diplomacy field, politeness is one of the basic norms governing diplomat's behavior. Vagueness is always tactfully used by diplomats to achieve politeness, avoid conflict and so on, which conforms to the Politeness Principle. Among the maxims of Politeness Principle, the Tact maxim, Approbation maxim and Agreement maxim are frequently observed by diplomats.

WORLD NEWS IN BRIEF (Feburary 1-15,1994)

Vietnamese Deputy Foreign Minister Le Mai said on February 4 that Vier Nam will open a liaison office in Washington as a "transitional step toward full diplomatic relations" with the United States. His statement came after

WORLD NEWS IN BRIEF (November 26-December 10, 1994)

On November 27, Israael and Jordan established diplomatic relations in line with a peace treaty signed last month. Norway rejected membership of the European Union in a referendum on November 28,choosing to stay outside the powerful bloc is a bitter defeat for pro-EU prime minister

Taking Diplomatic Strategy Adaptable to Environment

Looking from China’s neighboring environment, the America factor is undoubtedly the most important factor in analyzing China’s neighboring security. Speaking of U. S. influence on China’s neighboring security, some scholars tend to believe that the unfavorable factors play a dominant role. This conclusion comes from the "new moonshape encirclement" already existing since the Cold War in America,

WORLD NEWS IN BRIEF(May 16-31,1988)

Morocco and Algeria decided on May 16 to re-establish diplomatic relations ruptured 12 years ago. Memorial services on May 18 for the victims of a 1980 student revolt in Kwangju, South Korea, sparked vehement antigovernment actions. On May 23, South Korean students shouting anti-American slogans