Multislice computed tomography angiography in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease

Multislice CT angiography represents one of the most exciting technological revolutions in cardiac imaging and it has been increasingly used in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Rapid improvements in multislice CT scanners over the last decade have allowed this technique to become a potentially effective alternative to invasive coronary angiography in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. High diagnostic value has been achieved with multislice CT angiography with use of 64- and more slice CT scanners. In addition, multislice CT angiography shows accurate detection and analysis of coronary calcium, characterization of coronary plaques, as well as prediction of the disease progression and major cardiac events. Thus, patients can benefit from multislice CT angiography that provides a rapid and accurate diagnosis while avoiding unnecessary invasive coronary angiography procedures. The aim of this article is present an overview of the clinical applications of multislice CT angiography in coronary artery disease with a focus on the diagnostic accuracy of coronary artery disease; prognostic value of coronary artery disease with regard to the prediction of major cardiac events; detection and quantification of coronary calcium and characterization of coronary plaques. Limitations of multislice CT angiography in coronary artery disease are also briefly discussed, and future directions are highlighted.

Echocardiography in Diagnosis and Prevention of the Coronary Artery Lesions in Kawasaki Disease

Kawasaki disease (muco-cutaneous lymph node syndrome, MCLS) was first reported by Kawasaki in 1967. It was characteried by nonvascular polymorphous rash, fever, ulcer in oral mucosa, edema of hands of feet, cervix lymphadenopathy and desquamations in peripheral extremities. Because of unknown pathogens, no lab examination was available as a single easily recognized diagnostic marker; the diagnosis is

Application value of Qisexingtai hand diagnostic method in diagnosis of coronary artery disease

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of Qisexingtai hand diagnostic method in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease(CAD).METHODS:This was an investigator-initiated,prospective,multi-center,cross-sectional study.All the participants from three hospitals in China had been diagnosed by both Qisexingtai hand diagnostic method and coronary angiography.We compared the two diagnostic methods to calculate the sensitivity,the specificity,the omission diagnostic rate,the mistaken diagnostic rate and accuracy in order to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of Qisexingtai hand diagnostic method for CAD.RESULTS:A total of 326 subjects were enrolled,diagnosed by both Qisexingtai hand diagnostic method and coronary angiography.As a result,there were 166 positive cases according to Qisexingtai hand diagnostic method,and 131 positive cases according to coronary angiography.Compared with the results of coronary angiography,the sensitivity of Qisexingtai hand diagnostic method was 80.2%,the specificity was 68.7%,the omission diagnostic rate was 19.8%,the mistaken diagnostic rate was 31.3%,and the accuracy was 73.3%.Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was estimated as 0.735 for all,and 0.718,0.735,0.783 for the three sub-centers.CONCLUSION:Qisexingtai hand diagnostic method with high accuracy and sensitivity has certain application value in the diagnosis of CAD.

Early diagnostic value of carotid artery ultrasound parameters combined with epicardial adipose layer thickness in coronary heart disease

BACKGROUND Coronary heart disease is associated with coronary atherosclerosis indicated by carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT)thickening and altered vascular elasticity.The epicardial adipose layer can secrete proinflammatory factors that promote the formation of coronary atherosclerosis.Thus,the epicardial fat layer thickness(EAT)may also predict coronary heart disease.AIM To determine the role of common carotid artery ultrasound parameters and EAT in the early diagnosis of coronary artery disease.METHODS Based on coronary angiography,patients with newly suspected coronary heart disease were divided into case(n=107)and control(n=41)groups.The carotid ultrasound parameters,including vascular stiffness(β),elastic coefficient(EP),pulse wave conduction velocity(PWV-β),CIMT,and EAT were compared between the case and control groups and among patients with different lesion numbers in the case group.Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the early diagnostic value of EAT,common carotid artery elasticity,and CIMT for coronary heart disease.RESULTS EP,β,PWV-β,CIMT,and EAT were significantly higher in the case group compared with the levels in the control group(all P<0.001).In the case group,lesions were detected in one vessel in 34 patients,two vessels in 38 patients,and three vessels in 35 patients.Within the case group,β,EP,PWV-β,CIMT,and EAT levels significantly increased with an increased number of lesions(all P<0.001).EAT positively correlated withβ,EP,PWV-β,and CIMT(all P<0.01).The area under the curve for diagnosing coronary heart disease using EAT combined with CIMT and carotid elasticity was 0.893,and the sensitivity and specificity were 0.890 and 0.837.CONCLUSION EAT correlated well with changes in carotid artery elasticity and CIMT in patients with coronary heart disease.The combination of EAT,carotid artery elasticity,and CIMT facilitates the early diagnosis of coronary heart disease.

Significance of Q-Tc,Q-Tr and A Q-Tc during Treadmill Exercise Test in Predicting Coronary Artery Disease

Seventy-eight patients underwent coronary angiography and submaximal tre-admill exercise test to evaluate the Q-Tc,Q-Tr and ΔQ-Tc criteria for predicting co-ronary artery disease(CAD).The sensitivity,specificity,predicting value and correctdiagnostic rate of the Q-Tc and Q-Tr criteria were 84,76,83,81 percent and 69,88,89,77 percent,respectively,which had no significant differences when compared with ST de-pression.The Q-Tc had higher specificity(94%)than that of ST depression but less sen-sitivity(58%).These criteria could reflect the severity of coronary artery disease identi-fied with coronary angiography.Therefore,these criteria are usefel to interpret the resultsof stress test.

Role of ADAMTS-5 Expression in the Prognosis of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Single Retrospective Analysis

This study explores the predictive value of plasma a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS-5) levels for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). 595 patients admitted to our hospital were selected. Initially, the serum ADAMTS-5 levels of subjects were analyzed. Subsequently, a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed. Furthermore, the serum levels of ADAMTS-5 were assessed in patients, and based on CAD severity, they were categorized into stable angina pectoris (SAP), unstable angina (UA), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) groups, with the aim of examining the relationship between ADAMTS-5 levels and CAD severity. Differences in clinical outcomes between patients with high and low levels of ADAMTS-5 were analyzed during the follow-up period. The study found that the serum levels of ADAMTS-5 were significantly higher in the group of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to the group without CAD, indicating its potential as a diagnostic marker for CAD. The ADAMTS-5 levels in the serum of STEMI patients were higher than those with SAP, while NSTEMI patients showed higher levels of ADAMTS-5 than the UA group. There was a positive correlation between serum ADAMTS-5 levels and the syntax score in CAD patients, suggesting a potential association with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This study indicates that ADAMTS-5 shows promise as a biomarker for CAD and highlights the need for further research and validation.

Congenital coronary artery fistulas： dual-source CT findings from consecutive 6624 patients with suspected or confirmed coronary artery disease

Background Coronary artery fistulas （CAFs） are rare congenital abnormality often unintentionally found in patients with coronary artery disease. Clinical diagnosis of CAFs is difficult due to symptomless or lack of specific symptoms. Dual-source computed tomography （DSCT） might be a useful diagnostic tool for CAFs. The study aimed to retrospectively summarize the imaging features of CAFs delineated at DSCT in 48 CAF patients detected from consecutive 6624 patients with suspected or confirmed coronary artery disease in our institution. Methods Forty-eight patients underwent DSCT angiography by using retrospective electrocardiographic （ECG） gating after infusion of 70 ml of intravenous contrast material during breath hold. Maximum intensity projection （MIP）, curved planar reconstruction （CPR）, and volume rendering technique （VR） were obtained. Anomalous termination of coronary artery in each subject was evaluated by two radiologists （with more than 10 years experience with cardiovascular imaging）, and disagreement between diagnosis readers was settled by a consensus reading. Ten of 48 patients also underwent traditional coronary angiography （CAG） simultaneously. Results In each CAF case, DSCT angiography clearly demonstrated the origin, the termination, the size of abnormal vessel and its course in relation to surrounding great vessels. CAF arising from right coronary artery was the most common type, left circumflex was the least one involved among three coronaries, and pulmonary artery was the most common drainage site. Aneurismal fistulous tract, coronary atherosclerosis, myocardial bridging and anomalous origin of coronary artery were also detected in this group. The demonstration of drainage sites in CAG was consistent with DSCT angiography in 9 patients, and judgment on one anomalous connection in CAG was inconsistent with that in DSCT angiography. Conclusions DSCT angiography could provide accurate delineation of anomalous communications, size and numbers of fistulas in patients with CAFs. It suggested that DSCT is a useful tool for the assessment of CAFs and may be considered as the first-choice imaging modality, especially for patients with coronary artery disease.

超声心动图对婴幼儿先天性冠状动脉瘘的应用价值

目的探讨超声心动图对先天性冠状动脉瘘(CAF)的应用价值。方法选择2015年3月至2022年7月在深圳市儿童医院收治的19例先天性CAF患儿,其中男性7例,女性12例;年龄1天~3岁1个月,平均年龄10.56个月;病程0.5~37.3个月,平均病程3.89个月;就诊原因,1例因体检发现,1例因生长缓慢就诊,1例因胸痛就诊,9例因发现心脏杂音而就诊,3例因气促而就诊,2例因胎儿期超声检出CAF而就诊,2例因既往检查发现先天性心脏病(CHD)而就诊。全部患儿行超声心动图检查,观察左右心房室大小、各瓣膜启闭情况和冠状动脉起源、内径及走行、瘘口位置、瘘口大小及术后残余瘘,比较手术前后冠状动脉和心腔的变化。观察手术前后的超声心动图结果,并与手术结果进行对比分析。结果19例先天性CAF患儿手术前后均行超声心动图检查。术前17例患儿超声心动图及手术均发现位置及数目相同的病变,1例术前超声心动图漏诊CAF,1例术前超声心动图显示1个瘘口术中发现2个瘘口。术前超声诊断准确率达89.4%。19例中右CAF 14例(73.7%),左CAF 5例(26.3%)。19例中合并房间隔缺损6例,室间隔缺损3例,法洛四联症1例。冠状动脉不同程度增宽迂曲,内径为2.4~16.0 mm,瘘口直径为1.8~5.0 mm。术后3例超声心动图显示瘘口有残余瘘,8例受累心腔大小恢复正常,8例受累扩张的冠状动脉内径变小。结论超声心动图在先天性CAF的术前诊断、术后随访中具有重要的临床应用价值。

LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB水平对不完全性川崎病的早期诊断价值

目的:探讨乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、N末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)、白蛋白(ALB)水平对不完全性川崎病(IKD)的早期诊断价值。方法:选取巴彦淖尔市医院2020年1月—2023年1月收治的80例IKD患儿作为IKD组,选取本院同期收治的80例典型川崎病(KD)患儿作为KD组。所有患儿入院后检测LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB水平,对比IKD组与KD组一般情况和LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB水平。通过受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB水平对IKD的早期诊断价值。同时将80例IKD患儿依照冠脉损伤情况分为两个亚组,即无损伤组(n=30)和损伤组(n=50),对比两组LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB水平。结果:IKD组和KD组性别、年龄及高热、多形性皮疹、口腔黏膜变化占比对比,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);IKD组发热时间长于KD组,指端改变、结膜充血、颈部淋巴结肿大占比低于KD组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);IKD组LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB水平均明显高于KD组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB三者联合对IKD的诊断效能优于单一检测;损伤组LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB水平均明显高于无损伤组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB水平对IKD的早期诊断价值较高,且临床可考虑通过LDH、NT-proBNP、ALB三者联合来诊断IKD。

《2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA慢性冠状动脉疾病患者管理指南》要点解读

近期,美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)、美国心脏病学会(American College of Cardiology,ACC)等六大学会联合发布了《2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA慢性冠状动脉疾病患者管理指南》,该指南强调了“以患者为中心,以团队为基础”的总体管理理念和重视生活方式改善对慢性冠状动脉疾病患者预后的影响,并对主要心血管不良事件风险评估及新型药物推荐等作出了新的阐述,指南内容的更新对于指导我国临床医生为慢性冠状动脉疾病患者提供高质量管理具有重要指导意义。

CT及其衍生技术评价冠状动脉钙化病变的研究进展

冠状动脉钙化病变是引起冠状动脉CT血管成像在诊断冠状动脉疾病时的诊断准确性和特异性大幅降低的重要原因。然而,冠状动脉CT血管成像评价冠状动脉疾病患者冠状动脉钙化病变时,影像采集设备、重建后处理及模拟计算技术的选择和应用目前尚缺乏规范和指导。现对CT及其衍生技术用于冠状动脉疾病患者冠状动脉严重钙化病变诊断时的原理、选择以及临床应用做一综述。

AIM2,ROCK1在老年急性冠状动脉综合征患者中的表达及诊断、预后价值

目的探讨黑素瘤缺乏因子2(melanoma deficiency factor 2,AIM2)和Rho关联含卷曲螺旋蛋白激酶1(Rho associated coiled coil containing protein kinase 1,ROCK1)在老年急性冠状动脉综合征(acute coronary syn⁃drome,ACS)患者中的表达及诊断、预后价值。方法选取2019年12月至2022年12月海军军医大学第一附属医院95例老年ACS患者为ACS组,同期选取健康体检志愿者95名作为对照组。然后对老年ACS患者预后随访6个月,根据主要不良心血管事件(major adverse cardiac events,MACE)发生情况将其分为MACE组28例和未发生MACE组67例。采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测AIM2和ROCK1的表达情况;多因素Logistic回归分析老年ACS患者发生MACE的影响因素;采用受试者工作特征曲线(receiver operating characteristic curve,ROC)分析AIM2、ROCK1对ACS的诊断效能及发生MACE的预测价值。结果与对照组相比,ACS组患者血清AIM2、ROCK1浓度均显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血清AIM2、ROCK1浓度二者联合诊断ACS的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)最高,优于血清AIM2、ROCK1各自单独诊断(Z二者联合-AIM2=3.308、P<0.001,Z二者联合-ROCK1=4.336、P<0.001)。与未发生MACE组相比,MACE组血清AIM2、ROCK1血清浓度高,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);有高血压史患者比例较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。根据多因素Logistic回归分析结果可以发现,AIM2、ROCK1、高血压史是影响MACE发生的危险因素(P<0.05)。血清AIM2、ROCK1二者联合预测发生MACE的AUC最高,优于血清AIM2、ROCK1各自单独预测(Z二者联合-AIM2=2.828、P=0.005,Z二者联合-ROCK1=2.072、P=0.038)。结论AIM2和ROCK1在老年ACS患者血清中呈高表达状态,且与患者发生MACE密切相关,通过检测AIM2和ROCK1的表达情况可能有助于早期诊断和评估老年ACS患者的预后。

多排螺旋CT冠脉成像与冠脉造影对冠心病诊断的对比研究

目的:初步评价MSCT在冠状动脉成像中的临床应用价值。方法:18例疑诊冠状动脉狭窄患者行MSCT扫描,利用影像曲面重建,3D重建,了解冠状动脉病变情况,并与冠状动脉造影对比。结果:18例76支血管同时经MSCT和CAG成像。冠状动脉造影发现狭窄27支,其中左前降支(LAD)病变11支,回旋支(LCA)病变3支,左主干(LMA)2支,右冠(RCA)病变9支,桥支病变2支。MSCT发现狭窄23支,其中左前降支病变11支,回旋支病变3支,左主干病变1支,右冠病变9支,桥支病变2支。MSCT成像的敏感性为81．5％(22／27),特异性100％,阳性推测值91．7％,阴性推测值94．2％。结论:在控制心率的情况下,MSCT可作为冠状动脉狭窄的一种无创筛选检查方法。

不完全川崎病53例临床分析

目的:总结不完全川崎病(Kawasaki disease KD)的临床特征以利于早期诊断,改善预后。方法:对南京市儿童医院2005年3月至2009年2月诊治的53例不完全KD患儿的病历资料进行回顾性分析,并与同期诊治的228例完全KD患儿比较。结果:不完全KD主要临床表现发生率与完全KD组比较差异无统计学意义,不完全KD组卡疤红斑发生率及肛周充血脱屑发生率显著增高,呼吸系统症状、消化系统症状、神经系统症状显著增多,差异有统计学意义。两组实验室指标中白细胞(WBC)、中性粒细胞百分比(N%)、血色素(Hb)、血小板(PLT)、血沉(ESR)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、血清白蛋白(ALB)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)差异无统计学意义。不完全KD组二维超声提示冠脉受累率42.3%,完全KD组为22.8%,差异有统计学意义。结论:不完全KD较完全KD更易发生冠状动脉受损。不完全KD诊断中应注意临床表现以外的症状体征,其中卡疤红斑及肛周充血脱屑可作为不完全川崎病诊断的辅助依据,结合实验室检查异常及心脏彩超对冠状动脉病变的检出可作出及时诊断。

老年人ST段水平延长对冠心病的诊断价值

目的:探讨老年疑似冠心病患者心电图中ST段水平延长≥0.12s在冠心病心肌缺血辅助检测中的作用,通过这一新的心电图学指标以提高冠心病诊断的效果。方法:184例老年疑似冠心病患者,其中ST段水平延长≥0.12s的老年患者100例(延长组),ST段<0.12 s老年患者84例(非延长组),均做冠状动脉造影。结果:冠状动脉造影阳性率与ST段是否延长差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。延长组中,男性阳性者58例(93.5%),女性26例(68.4%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结果判断,延长组诊断冠心病的敏感性89%,特异性82%,阳性预测值84%,阴性预测值88%。结论:ST段水平延长≥0.12 s老年患者心肌缺血可能性大,ST段水平延长≥0.12 s可作为那些既不愿意做冠状动脉造影又不能做心脏负荷试验的老年人诊断冠心病的一个辅助指标。

冠状动脉心肌桥与缺血性心脏病的关系──附19例报告

目的:探讨冠状动脉心肌桥与缺血性心脏病(IHD)的关系。方法:对用常规方法行选择性冠状动脉造影检出的19例冠状动脉心肌桥的患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:2018例中共检出冠状动脉心肌桥19例,发生率为0.94%。19例中有16例符合IHD的临床诊断标准;其中心肌桥段冠状动脉收缩期狭窄百分比(PSN)等于或大于75%者的心肌桥近段冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生比例(11/13)和严重程度0～3(2)均大于PSN小于75%者1/6和1～0(2),<0.05。结论:冠状动脉心肌桥可导致缺血性心脏病,心肌桥近段冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生可能与肌桥段冠状动脉收缩期狭窄的程度有关。

双侧耳折征对急性冠脉综合征患者左主干/三支血管病变的预测价值分析

目的分析双侧耳折征(DELC)对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者左主干/三支血管病变(LM/3VD)的预测价值。方法选取2011年12月—2012年12月北京大学第一医院心脏病监护病房(CCU)收治的ACS患者282例,根据冠状动脉造影(CAG)结果分为LM/3VD组(64例)和non-LM/3VD组(218例),分析DELC对ACS患者LM/3VD的预测价值。结果 LM/3VD组患者糖尿病发生率及DELC积分均高于non-LM/3VD组(P<0.05);DELC预测ACS患者LM/3VD的敏感度为71.9%,特异度为86.2%,误诊率为13.8%,漏诊率为28.1%,准确率为83.0%,阳性预测值为60.5%,阴性预测值为91.3%。结论 DELC可作为判断ACS患者是否存在LM/3VD的指标,对ACS患者的早期干预和治疗有一定的参考价值。

64排螺旋CT冠脉成像与冠脉造影对冠心病诊断的比较

目的:探讨64排螺旋CT冠脉成像对冠心病的诊断价值。方法:以冠脉造影(CAG)结果为金指标,采用64排螺旋CT对100例疑诊冠心病患者的冠脉主干及主要分支400节段进行重建和分析,评价其诊断冠心病的灵敏性和特异性。结果:64排螺旋CT能清晰显示冠脉主干及分支狭窄、钙化、开口起源异常及桥血管病变,对冠脉狭窄性病变的诊断准确性高,诊断冠脉病变的灵敏度96.37%,特异度96.14%,阳性预测值95.88%,阴性预测值96.6%。但对慢性闭塞性病变诊断性的准确率稍差,灵敏度50%,特异度96.77%,阳性预测值62.5%,阴性预测值94.73%。结论:64排螺旋CT冠脉成像对冠脉狭窄病变、桥血管、心肌桥、支架管腔均显影良好,对钙化病变诊断率优于冠脉造影,可以作为冠心病高危人群无创性筛选检查及冠脉支架、搭桥术后随访手段。

64MDCT冠状动脉成像对隐匿性冠心病的诊断价值

目的:探讨64层螺旋CT冠脉成像对隐匿性冠心病的诊断价值。方法:应用64MDCT对61例LCHD行CT冠状动脉钙化积分、CT血管造影成像,其中21例患者于两周内行冠脉造影(SCA)检查,对其MDCT表现与常规、动态心电图和SCA结果进行对照。结果:64MDCT冠脉成像对隐匿性冠心病诊断率明显高于常规心电图及动态心电图,其特异性为81.82%,阳性预测值为89.09%,阴性预测值为93.10%,敏感性为96.08%,P<0.01,Kappa检验分析MDCT冠脉成像与SCA符合率较高。结论:64MDCT是无创性、早期诊断隐匿性冠心病的影像学检查技术,可为隐匿性冠心病的早期诊断和干预提供可靠、翔实的冠脉病变诊断信息。

平板运动试验在诊断冠状动脉疾病中的应用

目的评价平板运动试验 (TET)在冠状动脉病变 (CAD)诊断中的应用价值。 方法以冠状动脉造影术 (CAG)检测结果作为金标准 ,统计分析TET对正常冠脉组及CAD患者共 2 0 4例的临床检测价值。TET采用NCVC亚方案 ,评价指标包括最大运动负荷量 (MET)、ST段改变、SBP变化。 结果TET中 ,ST段改变、运动后3minSBP比值 (3′)和MET是CAD检测的有效指标 ,ST段改变与运动后 3minSBP比值 (3′)的综合评估可提高TET对CAD的临床检测价值 ,其诊断准确性、敏感性和特异性分别达 78.4 %、70 .4 %和 91.1%。