AN EFFICIENT METHOD FOR SOLVING THE MIXED DIRECT-INVERSE PROBLEM OF THE TRANSONIC ROTATIONAL FLOW IN PLANE CASCADES

The method in [1] has been extended to the case of rotational flow in this paper. A new method for dealing with the shock wave is presented. This method has the advantages of both the shock-fitting and the shock capturing methods. The direct problem and the mixed direct-inverse prob- lem of the rotational flow in a transonic plane cascade at both design and off design conditions are solved, and the results show that the present method has rapid convergence rate and high accuracy even for the flow with moderately strong shocks. The calculations have been carried out on the DPS-8 computer, and for the direct problem, only 50-80 iterations are needed, and 50-80 seconds of CPU time are required.

An extended iterative direct-forcing immersed boundary method in thermo-fluid problems with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions

An iterative direct-forcing immersed boundary method is extended and used to solve convection heat transfer problems.The pressure,momentum source,and heat source at immersed boundary points are calculated simultaneously to achieve the best coupling.Solutions of convection heat transfer problems with both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are presented.Two approaches for the implementation of Neumann boundary condition,i.e.direct and indirect methods,are introduced and compared in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency.Validation test cases include forced convection on a heated cylinder in an unbounded flow field and mixed convection around a circular body in a lid-driven cavity.Furthermore,the proposed method is applied to study the mixed convection around a heated rotating cylinder in a square enclosure with both iso-heat flux and iso-thermal boundary conditions.Computational results show that the order of accuracy of the indirect method is less than the direct method.However,the indirect method takes less computational time both in terms of the implementation of the boundary condition and the post processing time required to compute the heat transfer variables such as the Nusselt number.It is concluded that the iterative direct-forcing immersed boundary method is a powerful technique for the solution of convection heat transfer problems with stationary/moving boundaries and various boundary conditions.

Self-directed learning readiness and social problem solving of nursing students in Macao

Objective The aims of this study were to describe nursing students′self-directed learning readiness and social problem solving and test their correlations in Macao.Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 140baccalaureate nursing students.A stratified random sampling was performed.The Self-directed Learning Readiness(SDLR)Scale and Chinese Social Problem-Solving Inventory-Revised(C-SPSI-R)were used.Results The response rate was 79.3%.Students possessed readiness for self-directed learning(mean 149.09±12.53,51.4%at high level,48.6%at low level).Regarding to social problem solving,the mean scores of each subscale were 9.35±3.25(Rational Problem Solving,RPS),10.26±3.23(Positive Problem Orientation,PPO),8.14±4.06(Negative Problem Orientation,NPO),5.67±4.44(Avoidance Style,AS),and 4.84±3.03(Impulsivity/Carelessness Style,ICS).SDLR was positively related to RPS and PPO,but was negatively related to AS.Conclusion Half of students possessed stronger readiness for self-directed learning.Students had a belief in the ability to solve problems,and adopted relevant strategies in solving problems.However,students still had negative and dysfunctional orientation and defective attempts in solving problems.Self-directed learning was positively related to positive and constructive orientation,but was negatively related to defective problem-solving pattern.Nurse educators should create educational climates for promoting student confidence and mutual responsibility for learning and their thinking process for problem solving.

Role of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between self-directed learning readiness and problem-solving ability among nursing students

Objective: Problem-solving should be a fundamental component of nursing education because It is a core ability for professional nurses. For more effective learning, nursing students must understand the relationship between self-directed learning readiness and problem-solving ability. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships among self-directed learning readiness, problemsolving ability, and academic self-efficacy among undergraduate nursing students.Methods: From November to December 2016, research was conducted among 500 nursing undergraduate students in Tianjin, China,using a self-directed learning readiness scale, an academic self-efficacy scale, a questionnaire related to problem-solving, and selfdesigned demographics. The response rate was 85.8%.Results: For Chinese nursing students, self-directed learning readiness and academic self-efficacy reached a medium-to-high level,while problem-solving abilities were at a low level. There were significant positive correlations among the students' self-directed learning readiness, academic self-efficacy, and problem-solving ability. Furthermore, academic self-efficacy demonstrated a mediating effect on the relationship between the students' self-directed learning readiness and problem-solving ability.Conclusions: To enhance students' problem-solving ability, nursing educators should pay more attention to the positive impact of self-directed learning readiness and self-efficacy in nursing students' education.

Traditional Chinese Medicine in orthopaedics—Problems and future direction

Introduction: Orthopaedic surgery includes varieties of injuries and other pathologies. Treatments are complicated while healing and recovery take time. Rehabilitation needs planning and commitment. In the Chinese Communities, traditional medicine has been popular since hundreds of years ago and has remained so in spite of the current advances in medicine. The purpose of this review is to identify the techniques being used in current situations, the indications and problems. Varieties of Traditional Treatments: 1) Topical applications of herbs are very much welcome after joint sprains, inflammatory conditions and even fractures. 2) On the wide area of physical training, the Chinese Tai-chi and Qigong are excellent gentle exercises for personal pursues. These exercises emphasize on body-mind interactions and carry strong philosophical insights. 3) Acupuncture has become standard rehabilitation practice in some hospitals and is getting even more popular in pain control and rehabilitation training after nerve injuries. Problems: Topical agents for pain and inflammation are not totally safe because allergic adverse conditions could happen from time to time. The major concern could be the unawareness of non-unions or delayed unions in fracture cases after herbal applications because the traditional healers are using too little modern assessment tools. Physical trainings and acupunctures are on the whole safe, only that indications are not clearly defined. Future Direction: 1) Concerning the topical agents used for pain and swelling, the essential research requirements include demonstration on the topical agents’ anti inflammatory, angiogenic and cell regenerative effects. The capability of skin penetration needs to be confirmed and a final clinical trial will further confirm the efficacy. 2) Clinical researches trying to obtain evidence on the use of Tai-chi and Qigong on the neuromuscular recovery are plentiful, while their effects on cardiovascular and respiratory health are likewise encouraging. 3) Acupuncture has already become a standard treatment option for pain control, nausea/vomiting and neuromuscular recoveries.

A Direct Algorithm for the Vertical Generalized Complementarity Problem Associated with <i>P</i>-Matrices

We present a direct algorithm for solving the vertical generalized linear complementarity problem, first considered by Cottle and Dantzig, when the associated matrix is a vertical block P-matrix. The algorithm converges to a unique solution in a finite number of steps, without an assumption of nondegeneracy on the given problem. The algorithm is simple, efficient, and easy to implement.

Impact of self-directed learning readiness and learning attitude on problem-solving ability among Chinese undergraduate nursing students

Objective: To explore the effects of self-directed learning readiness and learning attitude on problem-solving ability among Chinese undergraduate nursing students. Methods: A convenience sampling of 460 undergraduate nursing students was surveyed in Tianjin, China. Students who participated in the study completed a questionnaire that included social demographic questionnaire, Self-directed Learning Readiness Scale, Attitude to Learning Scale, and Social Problem-Solving Inventory. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed to test the correlations among problem-solving ability, self-directed learning readiness, and learning attitude. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to explore the mediating role of learning attitude. Results: The results showed that learning attitude (r=0.338, P<0.01) and self-directed learning readiness (r=0.493, P<0.01) were positively correlated with problem-solving ability. Learning attitude played a partial intermediary role between self-directed learning readiness and problem-solving ability (F=74.227, P<0.01). Conclusions: It is concluded that nursing educators should pay attention on students’ individual differences and take proper actions to inspire students’ self-directed learning readiness and learning attitude.

A Method for Normal Direction Judge Applied in Electrocardiographic Problem

Boundary Element Method (BEM) is widely used in electrocardiographic (ECG) problem. Formulations of these problems based on mathematical and numerical approximations of the known source in heart and the volume conductor that can transfer voltages on the surface of the body. To analyze the electric potentials on body surface or epicardial surface, a set of discrete equations derived from a boundary integral equations need to be solved. Solving these equations means to get the potential distribution eventually. In the process of solving, transfer matrix of discrete equations has received considerable attention, how to get an appropriate transfer matrix is an important issue. This paper found that the direction of normal vector could affect the results when calculating the transfer matrix and presents a method analogous to Mesh Current Method to deal with this direction problem. Several simulations have been carried out to verify the accurate results with the correct direction of normal vector using new method within a torso model given simultaneous epicardial and body surface potential recordings.

Greedy Randomized Gauss-Seidel Method with Oblique Direction

For the linear least squares problem with coefficient matrix columns being highly correlated, we develop a greedy randomized Gauss-Seidel method with oblique direction. Then the corresponding convergence result is deduced. Numerical examples demonstrate that our proposed method is superior to the greedy randomized Gauss-Seidel method and the randomized Gauss-Seidel method with oblique direction.

博士生教育高质量发展:直博生的学术困局及破局路径解析

直博生已经成为我国博士生群体的重要组成部分之一。然而,直博生在博士攻读期间易陷入学术热情衰减、学术信念缺失、学术表现不佳的学术困局。该文基于质性研究方法,探究直博生陷入学术困局的原因。研究结果表明,入学动机杂糅和科研基础薄弱的个体学术背景、角色过渡不顺和高期待难以回应的角色失配、导师和朋辈互动障碍导致的社群嵌入水平低以及学术职业不确定性和非学术职业的广阔前景的劳动力市场因素介入是导致直博生陷入学术困局的主要原因。据此提出,以入学动机为直博生招考遴选的重点指标;加强本科教育阶段与博士教育阶段的有效衔接,建立针对直博生群体特质的独立培养体系,建设拓宽直博生职业发展路径的职业发展教育平台的破局路径。

非凸多分块优化的Bregman ADMM的收敛率研究

Wang等提出了求解带线性约束的多块可分非凸优化问题的带Bregman距离的交替方向乘子法(Bregman ADMM),并证明了其收敛性.该文将进一步研究求解带线性约束的多块可分非凸优化问题的Bregman ADMM的收敛率,以及算法产生的迭代点列有界的充分条件.在效益函数的Kurdyka-Lojasiewicz (KL)性质下,该文建立了值和迭代的收敛速率,证明了与目标函数相关的各种KL指数值可获得Bregman ADMM的三种不同收敛速度.更确切地说,该文证明了如下结果:如果效益函数的KL指数θ=0,那么由Bregman ADMM生成的序列经过有限次迭代后收敛;如果θ∈(0,1/2),那么Bregman ADMM是线性收敛的;如果θ∈(1/2,1),那么Bregman ADMM是次线性收敛的.

新时代高校劳动教育的逻辑走向、存在问题和实践进路

新时代的劳动教育承担人的价值实现、全面发展、自我觉醒的功能。人工智能作为标志性技术给当前的教育生态带来巨大冲击,劳动教育需要快速精准作出变革。新时代劳动教育在内涵、育人理念和育人目标上有新的逻辑走向,对高校劳动教育提出新的要求。新时代高校劳动教育,可采取以下实践进路:抓根本——新时代劳动教育要抓思想建设,强基本——新时代劳动教育要“守正”“创新”展开实践,重评价——科学评价倒逼劳动教育改革,聚合力——统筹各方力量构建新时代劳动教育协同育人平台。

教育数字化视域下精准教学的问题审视及纾解路径

精准教学是个性化教学和差异化教学的宗旨,是依托智能技术精准把握学习者个体差异与个性发展诉求的基础上,实施针对性教学的一种个性化教学范式,教育数字化为科学化、精准化、个性化的精准教学提供了技术支撑。精准教学能够满足学习者的个性化学习需求,规避教育者的随意化评价风险,推动教育研究范式的科学转向。然而,从当前的实践情况来看,精准教学面临主体身份的偏位、教育情感的疏离、技术伦理的失范。纾解教育数字化视域下精准教学的困境,要理性回归教育本质以正位主体身份,积极唤醒教育情感以破解情感危机,调适教育伦理机制以规范技术伦理,从而保障精准教学行稳致远。

新文科背景下高校教师队伍建设——问题识别、应然逻辑及实践路向

随着“六卓越一拔尖”计划2.0的启动,新文科建设开始全面推进。在建设过程中,高校教师是重要支撑、核心保障和关键环节。高校教师迎来了教育改革和优化发展的时代新机遇,同样面临着高水平教学能力、高标准学术要求及多学科协同专业素养的全新挑战。基于此,首先揭示了高校教师队伍建设对新文科建设和发展的重大意义;其次科学识别了高校教师在新文科建设过程中存在的实际问题;最后通过细致剖析高校教师发展的应然逻辑,从教师、高校及国家三个层面提出优化发展的实践路向。

国土变更调查在自然资源监测中的作用

旨在探讨国土变更调查在自然资源监测中的重要作用。首先,介绍了国土变更调查和自然资源监测的背景和意义;接着,分析了当前存在的问题,并提出了解决这些问题的方法;最后,总结了国土变更调查对于自然资源监测的积极影响,并展望了未来的发展方向。

问题解决疗法联合经颅直流电治疗对老年卒中后抑郁患者康复效果的影响

目的:探讨问题解决疗法联合经颅直流电治疗对老年卒中后抑郁患者康复效果的影响。方法:将纳入卒中后抑郁诊断标准的老年患者127例,依照随机数字表法进行分组,其中观察组64例,对照组63例,两组患者均给予内科常规治疗及护理,在此基础上,对照组患者给予经颅直流电治疗,观察组患者给与问题解决疗法联合经颅直流电治疗。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD-17)、脑卒中自我管理行为评定量表(SSMBS)、简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)、改良Barthei指数(MBI)、慢性疾病病耻感量表简版(SSCI-8)评估两组患者治疗前、治疗4周末得分。结果:两组脱落率比较,观察组的脱落率为3.12%,对照组的脱离率为4.76%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);两组有效率比较,观察组的有效率为91.2%,对照组有效率76.7%,差异具有显著的统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.407,P<0.05);干预4周末,两组患者的HAMD-17、SSCI-8、NIHSS评分均较治疗前降低(观察组:t=37.842,-31.005,-26.023,P<0.001;对照组:t=28.255,-24.621,-23.916,P<0.001),但与对照组相比,观察组则下降则更为明显,且差异具有统计学意义(t=4.908,3.220,2.569;P<0.05);干预4周末,两组患者的MMSE、SSMBS、MBI评分均较治疗前升高(观察组:t=23.362,18.921,27.566,P<0.001;对照组:t=14.772,15.126,16.122,P<0.001),但与对照组相比,观察组则升高更为显著,且差异具有统计学意义(t=-3.631,-3.292,-7.913;P<0.01)。结论:问题解决疗法联合经颅直流电干预模式可有效的改善老年卒中后抑郁情绪、认知功能及病耻感,促进患者的神经功能的康复,提高患者的自我管理行为及日常生活能力。

目标问题导向式教学模式在高校“酶工程”教学中的运用研究——以“酶定向进化”为例

酶工程是一门新兴的、发展迅速的生物学科课程,学习内容主要是酶的生产和应用,是生物与食品类专业本科生在大学求学期间要学习的专业课程,是生物工程主干课以及下游课程。新时代对传统的高等教育提出了新的要求,教师在“酶定向进化”课程教学中运用以“目标”为核心、以“问题”为导向的目标问题导向式教学模式,可以激发学生学习兴趣,提高学生自主学习能力,培养学生创新精神,稳步提高课堂教学效率和教学质量。

Apparent directional spectral emissivity determination of semitransparent materials

An inverse estimation method and corresponding measurement system are developed to measure the apparent spectral directional emissivities of semitransparent materials. The normal spectral emissivity and transmissivity serve as input for the inverse analysis. Consequently, the refractive index and absorption coefficient of the semitransparent material could be retrieved by using the pseudo source adding method as the forward method and the stochastic particle swarm optimization algorithm as the inverse method. Finally, the arbitrary apparent spectral directional emissivity of semitransparent material is estimated by using the pseudo source adding method given the retrieval refractive index and absorption coefficient. The present system has the advantage of a simple experimental structure, high accuracy, and excellent capability to measure the emissivity in an arbitrary direction. Furthermore, the apparent spectral directional emissivity of sapphire at 773 K is measured by using this system in a spectral range of 3 μm-12 μm and a viewing range of 0°-90°. The present method paves the way for a new directional spectral emissivity measurement strategy.

基于劣构问题的高中项目式学习——氮的固定

劣构问题存有情境性、灵活性和多角度求解等特点,在促进学生的高阶思维的生成及提升学生处理问题的能力等方面起到重要的作用。因此,基于劣构问题的特征开展有关氮的固定的项目式学习,在完成项目任务、展示项目成果的过程中,帮助学生认识身边物质组成和变化的学科认知方式,发展微粒观、变化观平衡观,提升学科核心素养。

On the Quadratic Transportation Problem

We present a direct analytical algorithm for solving transportation problems with quadratic function cost coefficients. The algorithm uses the concept of absolute points developed by the authors in earlier works. The versatility of the proposed algorithm is evidenced by the fact that quadratic functions are often used as approximations for other functions, as in, for example, regression analysis. As compared with the earlier international methods for quadratic transportation problem (QTP) which are based on the Lagrangian relaxation approach, the proposed algorithm helps to understand the structure of the QTP better and can guide in managerial decisions. We present a numerical example to illustrate the application of the proposed method.