Due to the influences of local topographical factors and terrain inter-shielding, calculation of direct solar radiation （DSR） quantity of rugged terrain is very complex. Based on digital elevation model （DEM） data...Due to the influences of local topographical factors and terrain inter-shielding, calculation of direct solar radiation （DSR） quantity of rugged terrain is very complex. Based on digital elevation model （DEM） data and meteorological observations, a distributed model for calculating DSR over rugged terrain is developed. This model gives an all-sided consideration on factors influencing th a resolution of 1 km × 1 km for thDSR. Using the developed model, normals of annual DSR quantity wie Yellow River Basin was generated, with DEM data as the general characterization of terrain. Characteristics of DSR quantity influenced by geographic and topographic factors over rugged terrain were analyzed thoroughly. Results suggest that： influenced by local topographic factors, i.e. azimuth, slope and so on, and annual DSR quantity over mountainous area has a clear spatial difference; annual DSR quantity of sunny slope （or southern slope） of mountains is obviously larger than that of shady slope （or northern slope）. The calculated DSR quantity of the Yellow River Basin is provided in the same way as other kinds of spatial information and can be employed as basic geographic data for relevant studies as well.展开更多
Based on the developed distributed model for calculating astronomical solar radiation (ASR), monthly ASR with a resolution of 1 km×1 km for the rugged terrains of Yellow River Basin was calculated, with DEM data ...Based on the developed distributed model for calculating astronomical solar radiation (ASR), monthly ASR with a resolution of 1 km×1 km for the rugged terrains of Yellow River Basin was calculated, with DEM data as the general characterization of terrain. This model gives an all-sided consideration on factors that influence the ASR. Results suggest that (1) Annual ASR has a progressive decrease trend from south to north; (2) the magnitude order of seasonal ASR is: summer>spring>autumn>winter; (3) topographical factors have robust effect on the spatial distribution of ASR, particularly in winter when a lower sun elevation angle exists; (4) the ASR of slopes with a sunny exposure is generally 2 or 3 times that of slopes with a shading exposure and the extreme difference of ASR for different terrains is over 10 times in January; (5) the spatial differences of ASR are relatively small in summer when a higher sun elevation angle exists and the extreme difference of ASR for different terrains is only 16% in July; and (6) the sequence of topographical influence strength is: winter>autumn>spring>summer.展开更多
Global solar radiation（GSR） is the most direct source and form of global energy, and calculation of its quantity is highly complex due to influences of local topography and terrain inter-shielding. Digital elevation...Global solar radiation（GSR） is the most direct source and form of global energy, and calculation of its quantity is highly complex due to influences of local topography and terrain inter-shielding. Digital elevation model（DEM） data as a representation of the complex terrain and multiplicity condition produces a series of topographic factors（e.g. slope, aspect, etc.）. Based on 1 km resolution DEM data, meteorological observations and NOAA-AVHRR remote sensing data, a distributed model for the calculation of GSR over rugged terrain within the Yangtze River Basin has been developed. The overarching model permits calculation of astronomical solar radiation for rugged topography and comprises a distributed direct solar radiation model, a distributed diffuse radiation model and a distributed terrain reflectance radiation model. Using the developed model, a quantitative simulation of the GSR space distribution and visualization has been undertaken, with results subsequently analyzed with respect to locality and terrain. Analyses suggest that GSR magnitude is seasonally affected, while the degree of influence was found to increase in concurrence with increasing altitude. Moreover, GSR magnitude exhibited clear spatial variation with respect to the dominant local aspect; GSR values associated with the sunny southern slopes were significantly greater than those associated with shaded slopes. Error analysis indicates a mean absolute error of 12.983 MJm-2 and a mean relative error of 3.608%, while the results based on a site authentication procedure display an absolute error of 22.621 MJm-2 and a relative error of 4.626%.展开更多
天文辐射是辐射计算、太阳能资源评估及其他相关研究领域重要的起始参量,由于坡度、坡向和地形之间相互遮蔽等局地地形因子的影响,使实际起伏地形下获得的天文辐射与水平面上获得的天文辐射有一定差异。确定实际起伏地形下天文辐射是比...天文辐射是辐射计算、太阳能资源评估及其他相关研究领域重要的起始参量,由于坡度、坡向和地形之间相互遮蔽等局地地形因子的影响,使实际起伏地形下获得的天文辐射与水平面上获得的天文辐射有一定差异。确定实际起伏地形下天文辐射是比较困难的。应用数字高程模型（DEM）数据和地理信息系统（G IS）,建立起伏地形下天文辐射分布式计算模型,计算了起伏地形下贵州高原100 m×100 m分辨率天文辐射精细空间分布,分析了局地地形因子对起伏地形下天文辐射的影响。结果表明：（1）贵州高原起伏地形下天文辐射的空间分布具有明显的地域分布特征。（2）贵州高原起伏地形下天文辐射年总量平均为481.7～13 041.8 M J/m2,1月、7月天文辐射分别为0.0～1 244.7 M J/m2、0.0～1 264.8 M J/m2。（3）局地地形因子对起伏地形下天文辐射空间分布的影响随季节和纬度变化,虽然坡度、坡向和地形遮蔽对天文辐射的影响,在太阳高度角较低的1月比太阳高度角较高的7月相对较大,但因为7月水平面获得的天文辐射的强度相对较大,7月局地地形对天文辐射的影响依然显著。因此,贵州高原起伏地形对天文辐射的影响是不容忽视的。展开更多
文摘Due to the influences of local topographical factors and terrain inter-shielding, calculation of direct solar radiation （DSR） quantity of rugged terrain is very complex. Based on digital elevation model （DEM） data and meteorological observations, a distributed model for calculating DSR over rugged terrain is developed. This model gives an all-sided consideration on factors influencing th a resolution of 1 km × 1 km for thDSR. Using the developed model, normals of annual DSR quantity wie Yellow River Basin was generated, with DEM data as the general characterization of terrain. Characteristics of DSR quantity influenced by geographic and topographic factors over rugged terrain were analyzed thoroughly. Results suggest that： influenced by local topographic factors, i.e. azimuth, slope and so on, and annual DSR quantity over mountainous area has a clear spatial difference; annual DSR quantity of sunny slope （or southern slope） of mountains is obviously larger than that of shady slope （or northern slope）. The calculated DSR quantity of the Yellow River Basin is provided in the same way as other kinds of spatial information and can be employed as basic geographic data for relevant studies as well.
基金Major State Basic Research Development Program of ChinaNo.G19990436-01 No.G20000779
文摘Based on the developed distributed model for calculating astronomical solar radiation (ASR), monthly ASR with a resolution of 1 km×1 km for the rugged terrains of Yellow River Basin was calculated, with DEM data as the general characterization of terrain. This model gives an all-sided consideration on factors that influence the ASR. Results suggest that (1) Annual ASR has a progressive decrease trend from south to north; (2) the magnitude order of seasonal ASR is: summer>spring>autumn>winter; (3) topographical factors have robust effect on the spatial distribution of ASR, particularly in winter when a lower sun elevation angle exists; (4) the ASR of slopes with a sunny exposure is generally 2 or 3 times that of slopes with a shading exposure and the extreme difference of ASR for different terrains is over 10 times in January; (5) the spatial differences of ASR are relatively small in summer when a higher sun elevation angle exists and the extreme difference of ASR for different terrains is only 16% in July; and (6) the sequence of topographical influence strength is: winter>autumn>spring>summer.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41175077 National Natural Science Foundation for Young Scholars,No.S0508016001 Guizhou Branch Major Projects[2011],No.6003
文摘Global solar radiation（GSR） is the most direct source and form of global energy, and calculation of its quantity is highly complex due to influences of local topography and terrain inter-shielding. Digital elevation model（DEM） data as a representation of the complex terrain and multiplicity condition produces a series of topographic factors（e.g. slope, aspect, etc.）. Based on 1 km resolution DEM data, meteorological observations and NOAA-AVHRR remote sensing data, a distributed model for the calculation of GSR over rugged terrain within the Yangtze River Basin has been developed. The overarching model permits calculation of astronomical solar radiation for rugged topography and comprises a distributed direct solar radiation model, a distributed diffuse radiation model and a distributed terrain reflectance radiation model. Using the developed model, a quantitative simulation of the GSR space distribution and visualization has been undertaken, with results subsequently analyzed with respect to locality and terrain. Analyses suggest that GSR magnitude is seasonally affected, while the degree of influence was found to increase in concurrence with increasing altitude. Moreover, GSR magnitude exhibited clear spatial variation with respect to the dominant local aspect; GSR values associated with the sunny southern slopes were significantly greater than those associated with shaded slopes. Error analysis indicates a mean absolute error of 12.983 MJm-2 and a mean relative error of 3.608%, while the results based on a site authentication procedure display an absolute error of 22.621 MJm-2 and a relative error of 4.626%.
文摘天文辐射是辐射计算、太阳能资源评估及其他相关研究领域重要的起始参量,由于坡度、坡向和地形之间相互遮蔽等局地地形因子的影响,使实际起伏地形下获得的天文辐射与水平面上获得的天文辐射有一定差异。确定实际起伏地形下天文辐射是比较困难的。应用数字高程模型（DEM）数据和地理信息系统（G IS）,建立起伏地形下天文辐射分布式计算模型,计算了起伏地形下贵州高原100 m×100 m分辨率天文辐射精细空间分布,分析了局地地形因子对起伏地形下天文辐射的影响。结果表明：（1）贵州高原起伏地形下天文辐射的空间分布具有明显的地域分布特征。（2）贵州高原起伏地形下天文辐射年总量平均为481.7～13 041.8 M J/m2,1月、7月天文辐射分别为0.0～1 244.7 M J/m2、0.0～1 264.8 M J/m2。（3）局地地形因子对起伏地形下天文辐射空间分布的影响随季节和纬度变化,虽然坡度、坡向和地形遮蔽对天文辐射的影响,在太阳高度角较低的1月比太阳高度角较高的7月相对较大,但因为7月水平面获得的天文辐射的强度相对较大,7月局地地形对天文辐射的影响依然显著。因此,贵州高原起伏地形对天文辐射的影响是不容忽视的。
