For a distributed drive electric vehicle(DDEV) driven by four in-wheel motors, advanced vehicle dynamic control methods can be realized easily because motors can be controlled independently, quickly and precisely. A...For a distributed drive electric vehicle(DDEV) driven by four in-wheel motors, advanced vehicle dynamic control methods can be realized easily because motors can be controlled independently, quickly and precisely. And direct yaw-moment control(DYC) has been widely studied and applied to vehicle stability control. Good vehicle handling performance: quick yaw rate transient response, small overshoot, high steady yaw rate gain, etc, is required by drivers under normal conditions, which is less concerned, however. Based on the hierarchical control methodology, a novel control system using direct yaw moment control for improving handling performance of a distributed drive electric vehicle especially under normal driving conditions has been proposed. The upper-loop control system consists of two parts: a state feedback controller, which aims to realize the ideal transient response of yaw rate, with a vehicle sideslip angle observer; and a steering wheel angle feedforward controller designed to achieve a desired yaw rate steady gain. Under the restriction of the effect of poles and zeros in the closed-loop transfer function on the system response and the capacity of in-wheel motors, the integrated time and absolute error(ITAE) function is utilized as the cost function in the optimal control to calculate the ideal eigen frequency and damper coefficient of the system and obtain optimal feedback matrix and feedforward matrix. Simulations and experiments with a DDEV under multiple maneuvers are carried out and show the effectiveness of the proposed method: yaw rate rising time is reduced, steady yaw rate gain is increased, vehicle steering characteristic is close to neutral steer and drivers burdens are also reduced. The control system improves vehicle handling performance under normal conditions in both transient and steady response. State feedback control instead of model following control is introduced in the control system so that the sense of control intervention to drivers is relieved.展开更多
Combined with the characteristics of the distributed-drive electric vehicle and direct yaw moment control,a double-layer structure direct yaw moment controller is designed.The upper additional yaw moment controller is...Combined with the characteristics of the distributed-drive electric vehicle and direct yaw moment control,a double-layer structure direct yaw moment controller is designed.The upper additional yaw moment controller is constructed based on model predictive control.Aiming at minimizing the utilization rate of tire adhesion and constrained by the working characteristics of motor system and brake system,a quadratic programming active set was designed to optimize the distribution of additional yaw moments.The road surface adhesion coefficient has a great impact on the reliability of direct yaw moment control,for which joint observer of vehicle state parameters and road surface parameters is designed by using unscented Kalman filter algorithm,which correlates vehicle state observer and road surface parameter observer to form closed-loop feedback correction.The results show that compared to the“feedforward+feedback”control,the vehicle’s error of yaw rate and sideslip angle by the model predictive control is smaller,which can improve the vehicle stability effectively.In addition,according to the results of the docking road simulation test,the joint observer of vehicle state and road surface parameters can improve the adaptability of the vehicle stability controller to the road conditions with variable adhesion coefficients.展开更多
The current research of direct yaw moment control(DYC) system focus on the design of target yaw moment and the distribution of wheel brake force. The differential braking intervention can effectively improve the lat...The current research of direct yaw moment control(DYC) system focus on the design of target yaw moment and the distribution of wheel brake force. The differential braking intervention can effectively improve the lateral stability of the vehicle, however, the effect of DYC can be improved a step further by applying the control of vehicle longitudinal velocity. In this paper, the relationship between the vehicle longitudinal velocity and lateral stability is studied, and the simulation results show that a decrease of 5 km/h of longitudinal velocity at a particular situation can bring 100° increasing of stable steering upper limit. A critical stable velocity considering the effect of steering and yaw rate measurement is defined to evaluate the risk of losing steer-ability or stability. A novel velocity pre-control method is proposed by using a hierarchical pre-control logic and is integrated with the traditional DYC system. The control algorithm is verified through a hardware in-the-loop simulation system. Double lane change(DLC) test results on both high friction coefficient(μ) and low μ roads show that by using the pre-control method, the steering effort in DLC test can be reduced by 38% and 51% and the peak value of brake pressure control can be reduced by 20% and 12% respectively on high μ and low μ roads, the lateral stability is also improved. This research proposes a novel DYC system with lighter control effort and better control effect.展开更多
The current research of autonomous vehicle motion control mainly focuses on trajectory tracking and velocity tracking. However, numerous studies deal with trajectory tracking and velocity tracking separately, and the ...The current research of autonomous vehicle motion control mainly focuses on trajectory tracking and velocity tracking. However, numerous studies deal with trajectory tracking and velocity tracking separately, and the yaw stability is seldom considered during trajectory tracking. In this research, a combination of the longitudinal–lateral control method with the yaw stability in the trajectory tracking for autonomous vehicles is studied. Based on the vehicle dynamics, considering the longitudinal and lateral motion of the vehicle, the velocity tracking and trajectory tracking problems can be attributed to the longitudinal and lateral control. A sliding mode variable structure control method is used in the longitudinal control. The total driving force is obtained from the velocity error in order to carry out velocity tracking. A linear time-varying model predictive control method is used in the lateral control to predict the required front wheel angle for trajectory tracking. Furthermore, a combined control framework is established to control the longitudinal and lateral motions and improve the reliability of the longitudinal and lateral direction control. On this basis, the driving force of a tire is allocated reasonably by using the direct yaw moment control, which ensures good yaw stability of the vehicle when tracking the trajectory. Simulation results indicate that the proposed control strategy is good in tracking the reference velocity and trajectory and improves the performance of the stability of the vehicle.展开更多
汽车直接横摆力矩控制(direct yaw moment control,DYC)系统用于有效避免车辆遇到非预计危险时的侧向运动,以保证汽车运行的稳定性和驾驶的安全性。目前,DYC系统大多采用分层结构。文章首先从车辆状态估计与环境感知、直接横摆力矩控制...汽车直接横摆力矩控制(direct yaw moment control,DYC)系统用于有效避免车辆遇到非预计危险时的侧向运动,以保证汽车运行的稳定性和驾驶的安全性。目前,DYC系统大多采用分层结构。文章首先从车辆状态估计与环境感知、直接横摆力矩控制器设计和力矩分配法这3个角度分析了汽车DYC系统架构,接着重点阐述了其对车速、车间距离、路面信息、横摆角速率以及车辆质心侧偏角等状态信息的获取与处理方法;然后介绍了上层控制器中车辆动力学参考模型、控制结构及不同变量控制的设计方法以及下层控制器中车辆横摆力矩的分配方式;最后总结了汽车直接横摆力矩控制系统现存的问题以及将来发展的方向。展开更多
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,Grant No.2011CB711200)National Science and Technology Support Program of China(Grant No.2015BAG17B00)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51475333)
文摘For a distributed drive electric vehicle(DDEV) driven by four in-wheel motors, advanced vehicle dynamic control methods can be realized easily because motors can be controlled independently, quickly and precisely. And direct yaw-moment control(DYC) has been widely studied and applied to vehicle stability control. Good vehicle handling performance: quick yaw rate transient response, small overshoot, high steady yaw rate gain, etc, is required by drivers under normal conditions, which is less concerned, however. Based on the hierarchical control methodology, a novel control system using direct yaw moment control for improving handling performance of a distributed drive electric vehicle especially under normal driving conditions has been proposed. The upper-loop control system consists of two parts: a state feedback controller, which aims to realize the ideal transient response of yaw rate, with a vehicle sideslip angle observer; and a steering wheel angle feedforward controller designed to achieve a desired yaw rate steady gain. Under the restriction of the effect of poles and zeros in the closed-loop transfer function on the system response and the capacity of in-wheel motors, the integrated time and absolute error(ITAE) function is utilized as the cost function in the optimal control to calculate the ideal eigen frequency and damper coefficient of the system and obtain optimal feedback matrix and feedforward matrix. Simulations and experiments with a DDEV under multiple maneuvers are carried out and show the effectiveness of the proposed method: yaw rate rising time is reduced, steady yaw rate gain is increased, vehicle steering characteristic is close to neutral steer and drivers burdens are also reduced. The control system improves vehicle handling performance under normal conditions in both transient and steady response. State feedback control instead of model following control is introduced in the control system so that the sense of control intervention to drivers is relieved.
基金funded by Youth Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(52002034)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFB1600701)+2 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(2020ZDLGY16-01,2019ZDLGY15-02)Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi(2020JQ-381)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,CHD(300102220113).
文摘Combined with the characteristics of the distributed-drive electric vehicle and direct yaw moment control,a double-layer structure direct yaw moment controller is designed.The upper additional yaw moment controller is constructed based on model predictive control.Aiming at minimizing the utilization rate of tire adhesion and constrained by the working characteristics of motor system and brake system,a quadratic programming active set was designed to optimize the distribution of additional yaw moments.The road surface adhesion coefficient has a great impact on the reliability of direct yaw moment control,for which joint observer of vehicle state parameters and road surface parameters is designed by using unscented Kalman filter algorithm,which correlates vehicle state observer and road surface parameter observer to form closed-loop feedback correction.The results show that compared to the“feedforward+feedback”control,the vehicle’s error of yaw rate and sideslip angle by the model predictive control is smaller,which can improve the vehicle stability effectively.In addition,according to the results of the docking road simulation test,the joint observer of vehicle state and road surface parameters can improve the adaptability of the vehicle stability controller to the road conditions with variable adhesion coefficients.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51275557,51422505)
文摘The current research of direct yaw moment control(DYC) system focus on the design of target yaw moment and the distribution of wheel brake force. The differential braking intervention can effectively improve the lateral stability of the vehicle, however, the effect of DYC can be improved a step further by applying the control of vehicle longitudinal velocity. In this paper, the relationship between the vehicle longitudinal velocity and lateral stability is studied, and the simulation results show that a decrease of 5 km/h of longitudinal velocity at a particular situation can bring 100° increasing of stable steering upper limit. A critical stable velocity considering the effect of steering and yaw rate measurement is defined to evaluate the risk of losing steer-ability or stability. A novel velocity pre-control method is proposed by using a hierarchical pre-control logic and is integrated with the traditional DYC system. The control algorithm is verified through a hardware in-the-loop simulation system. Double lane change(DLC) test results on both high friction coefficient(μ) and low μ roads show that by using the pre-control method, the steering effort in DLC test can be reduced by 38% and 51% and the peak value of brake pressure control can be reduced by 20% and 12% respectively on high μ and low μ roads, the lateral stability is also improved. This research proposes a novel DYC system with lighter control effort and better control effect.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51575103,11672127,U1664258)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(Grant No.NT2018002)+1 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant Nos.2017T100365,2016M601799)the Fundation of Graduate Innovation Center in NUAA(Grant No.k j20180207)
文摘The current research of autonomous vehicle motion control mainly focuses on trajectory tracking and velocity tracking. However, numerous studies deal with trajectory tracking and velocity tracking separately, and the yaw stability is seldom considered during trajectory tracking. In this research, a combination of the longitudinal–lateral control method with the yaw stability in the trajectory tracking for autonomous vehicles is studied. Based on the vehicle dynamics, considering the longitudinal and lateral motion of the vehicle, the velocity tracking and trajectory tracking problems can be attributed to the longitudinal and lateral control. A sliding mode variable structure control method is used in the longitudinal control. The total driving force is obtained from the velocity error in order to carry out velocity tracking. A linear time-varying model predictive control method is used in the lateral control to predict the required front wheel angle for trajectory tracking. Furthermore, a combined control framework is established to control the longitudinal and lateral motions and improve the reliability of the longitudinal and lateral direction control. On this basis, the driving force of a tire is allocated reasonably by using the direct yaw moment control, which ensures good yaw stability of the vehicle when tracking the trajectory. Simulation results indicate that the proposed control strategy is good in tracking the reference velocity and trajectory and improves the performance of the stability of the vehicle.
文摘汽车直接横摆力矩控制(direct yaw moment control,DYC)系统用于有效避免车辆遇到非预计危险时的侧向运动,以保证汽车运行的稳定性和驾驶的安全性。目前,DYC系统大多采用分层结构。文章首先从车辆状态估计与环境感知、直接横摆力矩控制器设计和力矩分配法这3个角度分析了汽车DYC系统架构,接着重点阐述了其对车速、车间距离、路面信息、横摆角速率以及车辆质心侧偏角等状态信息的获取与处理方法;然后介绍了上层控制器中车辆动力学参考模型、控制结构及不同变量控制的设计方法以及下层控制器中车辆横摆力矩的分配方式;最后总结了汽车直接横摆力矩控制系统现存的问题以及将来发展的方向。