Research into magnetic guidance technology for directional drilling in SAGD horizontal wells

SAGD horizontal wells are used to enhance oil recovery from heavy oil reservoirs.This technology requires precise separation between the production well and the injection well to ensure the efficient drainage of the reservoir.By studying the attitude of the downhole probe tube and the production well trajectory,an algorithm is proposed for eliminating ferromagnetic interference while drilling injection wells.A high accuracy filter circuit has been designed to correct the detected magnetic signals,which are ultra-weak,frequency-instable,and narrow-band.The directional drilling magnetic guidance system（DD-MGS） has been developed by integrating these advanced techniques.It contains a sub-system for the ranging calculation software,a magnetic source,a downhole probe tube and a sub-system for collecting ＆ processing the detected signals.The DD-MGS has succeeded in oilfield applications.It can guide the directional drilling trajectory not only in the horizontal section but also in the build section of horizontal injection wells.This new technology has broad potential applications.

Research on Horizontal Vibration of Heavy-Weight Drill Pipes in Directional Drilling

The mode of load and deformation of directional drilling string and the expression of trigonometric series of deflection equation are established by means of elastic deformation energy and of the vertical and horizontal bending. A calculation formula for natural frequency of horizontal resonance and rotational speed is derived based on the calculation method by Ritz, with which analysis is made for the cause and affecting factors of the excessive abrasion of heavy-weight drill pipe in high-angle holes so as to provide reference and basis for rational selection of drilling parameters and drilling tools in the future high-angle directional drilling.

Stress Analysis of Buried Pipeline Installed by Horizontal Directional Drilling Using ANSYS Finite Element Software

In designing a horizontal directional drilling (HDD) pipeline project, designers face the challenge of determining the regions of maximum and minimum stresses on pipelines, ensuring the stability of the bore-hole from collapse and minimizing the stresses induced on the pipeline due to the bore-profile. This study analyses the stress induced on an HDD pipeline system using the ANSYS Version 18, mechanical APDL finite element (FE) software. The pipeline used as the case study was a gas transmission pipeline installed in south-west Nigeria. A macro-file for ANSYS Version 18, mechanical APDL used to model the pipeline was developed. The results showed that the maximum and minimum stresses induced on the HDD pipeline were at the top and bottom of the pipe, respectively;while the stresses on the sides were uniform (≈888 kg/cm2) all through the pipeline, irrespective of element number. The maximum stress occurred at the curvature point with the highest entry angle (10°), resulting in a maximum deflection at this point. The model stress validation performed by comparing results with theoretical solutions, both with respect to radius of curvature and internal pressure, showed percentage difference (errors) less than 10%. The cross sectional area validation showed a percentage difference of 0.059%.

Evolution and application of in-seam drilling for gas drainage

The presence of seam gas in the form of methane or carbon dioxide presents a hazard to underground coal mining operations.In-seam drilling has been undertaken for the past three decades for gas drainage to reduce the risk of gas outburst and lower the concentrations of seam gas in the underground ventilation.The drilling practices have reflected the standards of the times and have evolved with the development of technology and equipment and the needs to provide a safe mining environment underground.Early practice was to adapt equipment from other felds,with rotary drilling being the only form of drilling available.This form of drainage allowed various levels of gas drainage coverage but with changing emphasis,research and development within the coal industry has created specifc equipment,technology and practices to accurately place in-seam boreholes to provide effcient and effective gas drainage.Research into gas content determination established a standard for the process and safe levels for mining operations to continue.Surveying technology improved from the wire-line,single-shot Eastman survey instruments which was time-dependent on borehole depth to electronic instruments located in the drill string which transmitted accurate survey data to the drilling crew without time delays.This allowed improved directional control and increased drilling rates.Directional drilling technology has now been established as the industry standard to provide effective gas drainage drilling.Exploration was identifed as an additional beneft with directional drilling as it has the ability to provide exploration data from long boreholes.The ability of the technology to provide safe and reliable means to investigate the need for inrush protection and water drainage ahead of mining has been established.Directional drilling technology has now been introduced to the Chinese coal industry for gas drainage through a practice of auditing,design,supply,training and ongoing support.Experienced drilling crews can offer site specifc gas drainage drilling services utilising the latest equipment and technology.

Trajectory Control: Directional MWD Inversely New Wellbore Positioning Accuracy Prediction Method

The deviation control of directional drilling is essentially the controlling of two angles of the wellbore actually drilled, namely, the inclination and azimuth. In directional drilling the bit trajectory never coincides exactly with the planned path, which is usually a plane curve with straight, building, holding, and dropping sections in succession. The drilling direction is of course dependant on the direction of the resultant forces acting on the bit and it is quite a tough job to hit the optimum target at the hole bottom as required. The traditional passive methods for correcting the drilling path have not met the demand to improve the techniques of deviation control. A method for combining wellbore surveys to obtain a composite, more accurate well position relies on accepting the position of the well from the most accurate survey instrument used in a given section of the wellbore. The error in each position measurement is the sum of many independent root sources of error effects. The relationship between surveys and other influential factors is considered, along with an analysis of different points of view. The collaborative work describes, establishes a common starting point of wellbore position uncertainty model, definition of what constitutes an error model, mathematics of position uncertainty calculation and an error model for basic directional service.

Surface settlement induced by horizontal directional drilling

Horizontal directional drilling(HDD)is a widely used trenchless method for underground utility connections.The associated ground settlement triggered by HDD depends on the size,types,and surface texture of pipe,diameter of borehole,and soil conditions.The pre-sent study investigates the surface settlement due to the construction of a 1067 mm diameter HDD,which will replace an existing sewer siphon under the SR-60 highway in Chino,California using empirical,and numerical methods.Based on the results obtained from the subsurface investigation,an empirical analysis was conducted first.followed by numerical modeling of the HDD using PLAXIS 2D soft-ware.A careful comparison between two different methods indicated closer values of surface settlement between the empirical method(7.3 mm)and the numerical modeling(4.6 mm).In addition,the shape of surface settlement and horizontal settlement curves for the empirical and numerical methods was found to be similar.The minor discrepancy between the two methods resulted as the numerical model can host several soil layers whereas the empirical equation can use only one type of soil.Finally,a parametric study was conducted to evaluate the effect of borehole cover depth,size,and soil parameters on surface settlement.It was observed that soil strength param-eters yielded a greater effect on surface movement,whereas modulus of elasticity has a relatively smaller influence with zero contribution from Poisson’s ratio.

Development and Achievements of Drilling Techniques in Sichuan Oil Province

ＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔａｎｄＡｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔｓｏｆＤｒｉｌｌｉｎｇＴｅｃｈｎｉｑｕｅｓｉｎＳｉｃｈｕａｎＯｉｌＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ￥ＸｉａＳｈｕｍｉｎｇａｎｄＣｈｅｎｇＣｈａｎｇｘｉｕ（ＳｉｃｈｕａｎＰｅｔｒｏｌｅｕｍＡｄｉｎｉｎｉｓｔｒａｔｉｏｎ...

Preparation of Nano-Modified Polyacrylamide and Its Application on Solid-Liquid Separation in Waste Drilling Mud

To satisfy the requirement on solid-liquid separation in high-density waste drilling mud, prepare the nano-modified polyacrylamide(PAM) flocculant for high density waste drilling mud by in-situ dispersion method, direct dispersion method and simultaneous formation method. The result showed the flocculent effect of nano-modified polyacrylamide prepared by simultaneous formation method was the best. When the content of water glass and acrylamide(AM) were respectively 3% and 15% , reaction temperature was 60?C and reaction time was 3h, the performance of product was the best. The water content in filter cake was 24.32% after the waste drilling mud disposed by the optimization flocculant. The flocculent effect of optimization flocculant was superior to that of other flocculant in market.

Analysis on Well Drilling Example of Deepwater Block in the Gulf of Mexico

With the innovation and development of offshore oil drilling technology, drilling wells in deep waters areas have become an important activity for the development of new hydrocarbon reservoirs in this type of environment. CNOOC (China National Offshore Oil Corporation) won the rights to exploit two unexplored deepwater blocks in the Gulf of Mexico, in a bid realized by the Mexican Government (CNH), in 2016. The challenge to combine the newest technology with the oil industry experienced knowledge to lead the exploration and development of these deep-water blocks in Mexico is around the corner. Therefore, the basic techniques for deep waters wells drilling and the main potential risks are expounded in this paper. A set of deep waters wells drilling processes and methodologies are previously designed, and a specific case is demonstrated next, which provides a referential model for deep waters wells drilling in the Gulf of Mexico.

深层、超深层定向钻井中若干基础研究进展与展望

深层、超深层定向钻井具有“垂深大与水平延伸远”的双重特征,受到复杂地层、高温高压、超长裸眼等多重因素约束,其安全高效作业面临着更大的全方位技术挑战。为此,着眼于深层、超深层定向钻井的提速提效问题,系统总结了定向钻井的发展概况与技术特点,选取了深层、超深层定向钻井中力学方面的几个重要基础问题,分析了国内外专家学者的相关研究进展和最新研究成果,最后展望了深层、超深层定向钻井基础理论研究发展趋势并提出相关建议。研究结果表明:①大小偏差融合控制算法兼顾了井眼轨迹的控制精度、光滑度等多目标约束,适应于深层、超深层条件下井眼轨迹实时控制要求;②合理优化振动减阻工具个数、安放位置及其激励力幅值,可显著降低井下管柱摩阻,并有效提高机械钻速;③基于误差补偿机制的机械钻速融合预测模型既保留了机理模型的可解释性,又具有较高的预测精度;④套管复合磨损预测模型突破了经典“单月牙”模式的局限性,实现了复合模式下套管磨损形状与深度的同步预测。结论认为,深层、超深层定向井和水平井是未来油气井工程的重要发展方向之一,需要加强多因素耦合机理、钻井延伸极限、机理与数据融合驱动等方面的基础研究,以推动复杂油气井工程基础理论的创新与发展,为深层、超深层钻井工程技术进步提供必要的基础理论支撑。

高位定向钻孔抽采瓦斯搭接部位研究与应用

相邻钻场高位定向钻孔合理搭接是保证抽采瓦斯效果稳定、提高钻孔有效利用率的重要环节。根据顶板裂隙带高位定向钻孔抽采瓦斯机理研究结果,通过分析布置高位定向钻孔空间层位、煤层顶板裂隙带分布特征、钻孔轨迹等抽采效果影响因素,确定了实现成功接替的钻孔合理搭接部位,并在党家河煤矿进行了工程应用。应用显示:80~121 m钻孔搭接长度能够满足瓦斯抽采效果,在搭接部位外端点接替使每个钻孔减少钻孔工程量约40 m。

煤矿履带式定向钻机路径规划算法

煤矿履带式定向钻机路径规划过程中存在机身体积约束和实际场景下的行驶效率需求,而常用的A^(*)算法搜索速度慢、冗余节点多,且规划路径贴近障碍物、平滑性较差。提出一种以改进A^(*)算法规划全局路径、融合动态窗口法(DWA)规划局部路径的煤矿履带式定向钻机路径规划算法。考虑定向钻机尺寸影响,在传统A^(*)算法中引入安全扩展策略,即在定向钻机和巷道壁、障碍物之间加入安全距离约束,以提高规划路径的安全性;对传统A^(*)算法的启发函数进行自适应权重优化,同时将父节点的影响加入到启发函数中,以提高全局路径搜索效率;利用障碍物检测原理对经上述改进后的A^(*)算法规划路径剔除冗余节点,并使用分段三次Hermite插值进行二次平滑处理,得到全局最优路径。将改进A^(*)算法与DWA融合,进行煤矿井下定向钻机路径规划。利用Matlab对不同工况环境下定向钻机路径规划算法进行仿真对比分析,结果表明:与Dijkstra算法和传统A^(*)算法相比,改进A^(*)算法在保证安全距离的前提下,加快了搜索速度,搜索时间分别平均减少88.5%和63.2%,且在一定程度上缩短了规划路径的长度,路径更加平滑;改进A^(*)算法与DWA融合算法可有效躲避改进A^(*)算法规划路径上的未知障碍物,路径长度较PRM算法和RRT^(*)算法规划的路径分别平均减小5.5%和2.9%。

全旋转指向式导向钻井工具结构设计与仿真

为了提高全旋转指向式导向钻井工具的设计效率,缩短研发周期,笔者首先设计了该钻井工具的导向执行机构,简化导向执行机构的空间机构模型,通过自由度的计算,得出了该机构具有确定的运动。再对该钻井工具的结构组成和导向原理进行分析,得到了其导向控制方法是通过控制全旋转指向式导向钻井工具的双偏心环和旋转外套的角位移关系,调节其工具角和工具面角,实现导向钻井。最后利用SolidWorks和ADAMS软件对钻井工具虚拟样机进行三维实体建模及运动仿真,仿真结果表明该钻井工具可以实现工具面角(0~360)°和工具角(0~5)°的无级调节,验证了所设计的全旋转指向式导向钻井工具结构和导向原理的可行性,为原理样机的加工奠定了基础。

煤矿液压定向钻机回转器结构设计校核及有限元仿真

以液压定向钻机回转器结构为研究对象,通过分析其传动原理,对其结构进行了设计,同时针对回转器组件开展了选型设计及强度校核,使其符合井下生产作业的需要。最后将回转器及其传动系统进行了有限元仿真分析,从极限载荷及动载效应两个角度出发,验证了所设计回转器的动态特性良好。

基于损伤力学的矿用定向钻机金属结构寿命评估

针对ZYL-15000D型煤矿用履带式全液压定向钻机底座寿命评估,首先通过Q345B钢的脉动循环加载拉伸疲劳试验数据,拟合得到应力幅值和寿命的关系式,经由应力修正和安全系数的选取,转换得到对称循环下的应力幅值和寿命的关系式。结合基于损伤力学推导出的损伤退化模型,根据Q345B钢试验数据拟合确定损伤退化模型中的待定参数,将Q345B钢对称循环下应力幅值和寿命的关系式代入,得到Q345B钢的疲劳损伤退化模型。然后借助ABAQUS对钻机整机进行结构分析,得到钻机底座的危险点位置(即应力最大处),在该型号样机试验台上通过应变片测得钻机底座危险点处的应力—时间历程。最后采用雨流计数和应力修正,对测得的随机载荷谱进行处理得到雨流计数直方图(应力均值-幅值-循环次数),再转换为对称循环载荷的形式,代入确定的疲劳损伤退化模型中,评估钻机底座的疲劳寿命。

基于地面定向钻孔注浆的煤矿立井钻井法井壁渗漏水治理技术

煤矿钻井井壁为单层结构,在深厚表土层段其渗漏水将严重威胁矿井安全生产,建井阶段井壁接茬部位若存在施工缺陷,则会导致地下水腐蚀锈穿接茬部位金属及焊缝,造成井壁渗漏水,若不及时治理,易引发突水溃砂而酿成淹井事故。为探寻一种行之有效的治理技术,以许疃煤矿副井井筒井壁渗漏水治理为工程背景,开展了煤矿钻井井壁渗漏水治理技术研究。首先,结合矿井水文地质特征等信息分析了钻井法单层井壁渗漏水致因,发现许疃煤矿副井井壁接茬处发生渗漏水的主要原因是地下水中的HCO_(3)^(-)、Cl^(-)共同作用腐蚀锈穿井壁接茬部位后,含水层之间越流补给的高压地下水通过孔隙连通性良好的壁后碎石充填层流入井筒内;然后,对比分析了许疃煤矿副井井筒井壁渗漏水治理采用壁后注浆和地面钻孔注浆的可行性与安全性,发现在流砂层中对采用钻井法施工的钢筋混凝土单层井壁进行壁后注浆,安全风险较大,影响井筒正常提升,且存在再次发生渗漏水的风险,而采用地面定向钻孔注浆技术的注浆量大,壁后充填层碎石间孔隙可被水泥浆充分填充,改善井筒防渗和承载能力,且施工人员全程在地面操作,安全性好,不影响井筒正常提升;最后,提出了针对深厚表土层煤矿钻井井壁渗漏水治理的地面定向钻孔注浆技术并进行工程示范,2个钻孔共注入130.9 m^(3)水泥浆,完全充填了94.00~131.40 m层段壁后充填层碎石间孔隙,顺利封堵了井下94 m处出水点,经现场长期观测,该段井壁未再渗漏水。研究结果表明,针对深厚表土层段煤矿钻井井壁渗漏水治理,采用地面定向钻孔注浆技术的治理效果良好,安全性高。研究成果可为深厚表土层煤矿钻井井壁渗漏水治理提供一定的参考。

复式大蒜种子方向控制装置设计与试验

为提高大蒜播种机对杂交蒜的播种正芽率,提出串联使用大蒜种子重心靠下和大蒜种子芽尖细长特征进行种子方向控制的方法,即在排种器运种阶段设计分段式护种槽,利用大蒜种子重心靠下特征提高种子直立进入定向器的概率,在换向阶段设计弧形开口定向器,使大蒜种子芽尖尽可能露出定向器,提高短芽尖大蒜鳞芽的正芽率。以定向速度和种子芽尖长度为试验因素,正芽率为试验指标,进行台架试验,结果表明,蒜瓣芽尖长度对播种机正芽率影响较为明显,正芽率随定向速度的增加而降低。以金乡杂交蒜为试验对象,对定向系统进行田间播种性能试验,试验结果表明:行走速度为0.14~0.19 m/s时,金乡杂交蒜的正芽率达85%,整体满足大蒜播种农艺要求。串联使用大蒜种子两种物理特征从作业原理上可提高大蒜种子定向稳定性,为大蒜播种机械化发展提供参考。

基于定向钻探技术的深部矿井突水点封堵方案优化

随着矿井开拓深度增加,深部突水点封堵难度高、工程量大等问题日益突出。地面多分支水平定向钻探技术是解决问题的有效手段,施工技术难点主要是井眼轨迹控制、井壁稳定控制和注浆效果提升。基于以上问题,以焦作矿区吴村矿为例,提出突水点的优化封堵方案;采用增加偏心垫块的方法改进螺杆钻具结构,以提高对井眼轨迹的控制;采用钾铵基聚合物钻井液体系优化处理剂配比方案,以改进井壁稳定控制;采用变频调速注浆泵及二次搅拌工艺,以提升注浆效果。结果表明:工程结束后吴村矿井筒水位最大降幅达6.53 m,堵水效果显著。

放顶煤工作面以孔代巷合理布孔参数

为了解决刘家梁矿2号煤层低含量赋存高强度开采引发工作上隅角瓦斯问题,缓解矿井因岩巷掘进造成采掘接替紧张的局面,提出了采用大直径高位走向长钻孔代替工作面低位岩石抽采巷的瓦斯治理技术,结合矿井2号煤层顶板煤岩物理力学参数,通过理论分析、UDEC、FLUENT数值模拟的方法,分别从工作面裂隙带发育、工作面采空区流场分布等不同的专业角度,分析、研究了瓦斯流通通道及赋存规律,为定向高位钻孔合理布孔层位选择提供理论支撑;结合1号钻场瓦斯抽采效果,修正工作面煤岩赋存资料,优化2号钻场抽采设计,调整钻孔布置参数,以工作面瓦斯抽采纯量、上隅角瓦斯浓度为指标,对不同条件下瓦斯治理效果进行对比,实践证明:走向高位长钻孔能够取代低位岩石抽采巷,用于低含量赋存、高强度开采的放顶煤工作上隅角瓦斯治理,治理效果显著,上隅角瓦斯浓度维持在0.6%以下。