DBD等离子体与活化水对马铃薯生长特性及产量的影响

等离子体技术在农业生产、生物医学、环境保护等领域有着广泛的应用前景。论文采用多针-板电极制备等离子体活化水装置、板-板电极等离子体直接处理马铃薯装置,对比研究了不同放电功率下等离子体活化水、直接等离子体处理对马铃薯生长特性及产量的影响。2种装置均呈丝状放电,且放电功率与外施电压正相关;当最佳放电功率匹配时,等离子体活化水、直接等离子体处理均能显著改善马铃薯生长特性及产量。等离子体活化水的放电功率为53 W时,马铃薯植株高度、茎粗、鲜重、叶绿素质量分数及产量分别提升了6.4%、18.9%、25.9%、31.7%及17.5%;直接等离子体处理马铃薯的放电功率为8 W时,植株的各参数值增幅均在10%以上。研究结果表明:放电功率变化时,等离子体活化水的理化参数(pH值、氧化还原电位、电导率、过氧化氢、硝酸根离子、亚硝酸根离子)变化显著;随着放电功率的提升,直接等离子体处理的马铃薯吸水率先增长后下降,种皮刻蚀逐渐明显。论文的研究可为DBD等离子体与活化水在农业生产领域应用提供参考。

Plasma induced degradation of Indigo Carmine by bipolar pulsed dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) in the water-air mixture

Degradation of the Indigo Carmine(IC) by the bipolar pulsed DBD in water-air mixture was studied. Effects of various parameters such as gas flow rate, solution conductivity, pulse repetitive rate and ect., on color removal efficiency of dying wastewater were investigated. Concentrations of gas phase O 3 and aqueous phase H 2O 2 under various conditions were measured. Experimental results showed that air bubbling facilitates the breakdown of water and promotes generation of chemically active species. Color removal efficiency of IC solution can be greatly improved by the air aeration under various solution conductivities. Decolorization efficiency increases with the increase of the gas flow rate, and decreases with the increase of the initial solution conductivity. A higher pulse repetitive rate and a larger pulse capacitor C\-p are favorable for the decolorization process. Ozone and hydrogen peroxide formed decreases with the increase of initial solution conductivity. In addition, preliminary analysis of the decolorization mechanisms is given.

Surface Modification of Fluororubber Using Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge(DBD)

Fluoride rubber F2311 film, an alternating copolymer of CF2-CFC1 （CTFE） and CH2-CF2 （VF2） components, was treated by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） in air. The surface structure, topography and surface chemistry of the treated F2311 films were characterized by contact angle measurement, atomic force microscopy （AFM）, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, respectively. The experimental results showed that a short time air plasma treatment led to morphological, wettability and chemical changes in the F2311 films. The surface hydrophilicity increased greatly after the plasma treatment, the static water contact angle decreased from 98.6° to 32°, and oxygen containing groups （C=O, O-C=O, etc. ） were introduced. Atomic force microscopy revealed that plasma produced by DBD etched F2311 films obviously. The roughness of the samples increased remarkably with the formation of peaks and valleys on the treated surfaces. The increased surface wettability may be correlated with both the introduction of hydrophilic groups due to air plasma oxidation of the surface and the change in surface morphology etched by DBD.

Numerical Study on Atmospheric Pressure DBD in Helium:Single-breakdown and Multi-breakdown Discharges

A 1-D fluid model for homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） in helium is presented, aimed at unraveling the spatial-temporal characteristics of two basic discharge regimes： single-breakdown and multi-breakdown discharges. Discharge currents, gap voltages, charge densities, electron temperature and electric field profiles of the two regimes make it clear that these two regimes are qualitatively different. It is found that the multi-breakdown discharge has a more homogeneous flux on dielectrics compared to the single-breakdown discharge.

Characteristics of DBD micro-discharge at different pressure and its effect on the performance of oxygen plasma reactor

The oxygen plasma reactor based on dielectric barrier discharge principle can produce a high concentration of reactive oxygen species,which can cooperate with hydraulic cavitation gas-liquid mixer to realize the application of advanced oxidation technology in water treatment.In this technology,the work pressure of the oxygen plasma reactor is decreased by the vacuum suction effect generated in the snap-back section of the gas-liquid mixed container.In this paper,the characteristics of single micro-discharge at different pressures were investigated with the methods of discharge image,electrical characteristics and spectral diagnosis,in order to analyze the electrical characteristics and reactive oxygen species generation efficiency of oxygen plasma reactor at the pressure range from 60 kPa to 100 kPa.The study indicated that,when the pressure decreases,the duty ratio of ionization in the discharge gap and number of electrons with high energy increases,leading to a rise in reactive oxygen species production.When the oxygen reaches the maximum ionization,the concentration of reactive oxygen species is the highest.Then,the discharge intensity continues to increase,producing more heat,which will decompose the ozone and lower the production of reactive oxygen species.The oxygen plasma reactor has an optimum working pressure at different input powers,which makes the oxygen plasma reactor the most efficient in generating reactive oxygen species.

DBD等离子体耦合BiOI催化材料降解苯甲羟肟酸的特性与机制

常温常压下,以苯甲羟肟酸(BHA)为处理对象建立了介质阻挡放电(DBD)等离子体催化体系。研究了放电参数对等离子体降解BHA的影响规律,对水热合成法制备的催化材料进行了系列表征分析,考察了各因素对BHA降解的影响,分析了DBD等离子体耦合催化剂降解BHA过程中总有机碳(TOC)、pH、∙OH自由基等的变化,通过液相色谱-质谱联用仪分析了降解反应过程的中间产物并探讨了BHA的降解机理。表征结果显示合成的BiOI具有高比表面积、高孔体积、高纯度的介孔纳米片微球,且DBD可以改变催化剂的晶型和结构,具有更高的催化性能。降解性能结果表明,峰值电压、鼓气量等对BHA降解率有很大影响;BHA浓度为80mg/L、体积1000mL,在峰值电压24kV,频率7500Hz,鼓气量30L/min条件下,添加0.3g BiOI催化剂与DBD等离子体耦合效果最好,相对于单一DBD体系,BHA降解率由78.8%提高到88.2%。降解机理分析可知,∙OH是BHA降解的重要活性物质,在等离子体催化作用下,BHA被氧化开环,转化为苯甲酸和乙醇酸等中间体,最终生成H_(2)O和CO_(3)^(2-)等。

DBD等离子体协同MnFe_(2)O_(4)降解氢氯噻嗪性能研究

文章研究介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge,DBD)等离子体协同MnFe_(2)O_(4)对常用药物氢氯噻嗪(hydrochlorothiazide,HCTZ)在水中的降解性能。通过溶剂热法制备磁性锰铁氧体MnFe_(2)O_(4)作为非均相芬顿催化剂,采用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS)和扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)分析手段对其结构进行表征。利用HCTZ模拟目标废水,分别研究不同的HCTZ初始质量浓度、溶液初始pH值、电源输入功率和MnFe_(2)O_(4)投放剂量等因素对体系降解性能的影响,结果显示随着药物初始质量浓度的提高会使降解效率持续下降,不断提升放电功率将更利于HCTZ的降解,且碱性环境会对处理过程产生抑制效应。同时研究发现,DBD/MnFe_(2)O_(4)体系下的最佳MnFe_(2)O_(4)投放剂量是50 mg,并且经5次循环使用后,体系仍能在25 min内将99%的HCTZ去除,表现出良好的重复使用性能。

Experimental and simulated investigation of microdischarge characteristics in a pin-to-pin dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)reactor

Both experimental and simulated studies of microdischarge(MD)are carried out in a dielectric barrier discharge with a pin-to-pin gap of 3.5 mm,ignited by a sinusoidal voltage with a peak voltage of 10 kV and a driving frequency of 5 kHz.Statistical results have shown that the probability of the single current pulse in the positive half-period(HP)reaches 73.6%under these conditions.Experimental results show that great luminous intensity is concentrated on the dielectric surface and the tip of the metal electrode.A 1D plasma fluid model is implemented by coupling the species continuity equations,electron energy density equations,Poisson equation,and Helmholtz equations to analyze the MD dynamics on the microscale.The simulated results are in good qualitative agreement with the experimental results.The simulated results show that the MD dynamics can be divided into three phases:the Townsend phase,the streamer propagation phase,and the discharge decay phase.During the streamer propagation phase,the electric field and electron density increase with the streamer propagation from the anode to the cathode,and their maximal values reach 625.48 Td and 2.31×10^(19)m^(-3),as well as 790.13 Td and 3.58×10^(19)m^(-3)in the positive and negative HP,respectively.Furthermore,a transient glow-like discharge is detected around the anode during the same period of streamer propagation.The formation of transient glow-like discharge is attributed to electrons drifting back to the anode,which is driven by the residual voltage in the air gap.

DBD协同NiO/α-Mn_(3)O_(4)催化降解气态邻氯甲苯

为提高介质阻挡放电(DBD)对氯代挥发性有机化合物(CVOCs)的处理效果,采用共沉淀法制备了NiO/α-Mn_(3)O_(4)复合催化剂,并协同DBD催化降解气态邻氯甲苯。通过X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜以及比表面积与孔径分析仪对催化剂进行表征并探究了气体流速、外施电压、初始浓度和相对湿度等工艺参数对邻氯甲苯降解效率和能量产率的影响。结果表明:当Ni/Mn摩尔比为0.3,煅烧温度为400℃时,NiO/α-Mn_(3)O_(4)复合催化剂的催化性能最佳。邻氯甲苯的初始浓度为140 mg/m^(3),外施电压为8 kV,气体流速为0.9 m^(3)/h和相对湿度为65%时,邻氯甲苯的降解效率和矿化率较单独的DBD系统分别提高了33.9%和13.1%,O_(3)浓度和NO_(2)浓度分别降低了48.2 mg/m^(3)和12.3 mg/m^(3),CO_(2)选择性提高了12%。

Formation mechanism of bright and dark concentric-ring pattern in dielectric barrier discharge

In this work,a bright and dark concentric-ring pattern is reported in a dielectric barrier discharge for the first time.The spatiotemporal dynamics of the bright and dark concentric-ring pattern are investigated with an intensified charge-coupled device and photomultiplier tubes.The results indicate that the bright and dark concentric-ring pattern is composed of three concentric-ring sublattices.These are bright concentric-ring structures,dark concentric-ring structures and wider concentric-ring structures,respectively.The bright concentric-ring structures and dark concentricring structures are alternately distributed.The bright concentric-ring structures are located at the centre of the wider concentric-ring structures.The wider concentric-ring structures first form from the outer edge and gradually develop to the centre.The essence of all three concentric-ring structures is the individual discharge filaments.The optical emission spectra of different sublattices are acquired and analysed.It is found that the plasma parameters of the three concentricring sublattices are different.Finally,the formation mechanism of the bright and dark concentricring pattern is discussed.

基于DBD-Net的InSAR矿区开采沉陷盆地检测方法

目前通过合成孔径雷达干涉测量(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar,InSAR)检测开采沉陷盆地主要依靠地下开采资料或人为目视解译,针对这一问题,提出一种针对大范围InSAR干涉图的开采沉陷盆地检测网络(Deformation Basin Detection Network,DBD-Net);同时,为了训练该网络,利用矿区的真实差分干涉图数据和模拟干涉数据建立了开采沉陷盆地样本库,在神东矿区和兖州矿区各选取3幅不同时间基线的差分干涉影像对网络性能进行验证。结果表明:DBD-Net在大范围InSAR干涉图中对开采沉陷盆地的平均检测准确度为81.87%,漏检和误检区域大多是噪声严重污染和特征不明显的区域。

DBD-Corona Discharge for Degradation of Toxic Gases

The non-thermal plasma technology is a promising technique to treat SO2 and NOx. Chemical radicals produced with this technology can remove several pollutants at atmospheric pressure in a very short period of time simultaneously. Both theoretical and experimental study on SO2 and NOx removal, by a dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） with corona effect, is presented.

H_(2)O体积分数对纳秒脉冲氮气DBD均匀性的影响

为产生均匀且高活性的大气压低温等离子体,提高介质阻挡放电(dielectric barrier discharge,DBD)的应用效果,利用纳秒脉冲电源激励氮气DBD,并添加H_(2)O提高等离子体活性。通过电学和光学方法诊断研究了H_(2)O体积分数对氮气DBD特性的影响。利用灰度分析方法和等效电路模型定量分析放电图像和电压电流波形,得到放电均匀性和电学微观参数,计算N_(2)和N_(2)^(+)激发态粒子谱线强度比值来表征约化场强E/n的变化趋势。结果表明:由于H_(2)O的电离反应与H_(2)O吸附电子之间的竞争机制,在氮气DBD中添加H_(2)O体积分数在0到0.6%时,放电均匀性较好,进一步添加H_(2)O后,气隙出现微弱细丝,放电无法充满整个空间,放电均匀性变差。随H_(2)O体积分数增加,传输电荷、平均功率、能量效率、羟基自由基·OH谱线强度以及E/n均先增大后减小,并在H_(2)O体积分数为0.1%时到达最大值。此研究结果有利于制备均匀、稳定且高活性的大气压等离子体源。

DBD氧化NO过程氧化效率和反应器放电特性研究

采用双介质同轴介质阻挡放电反应器,系统地研究了低温等离子体氧化NO工艺反应物浓度(O_(2)和NO)、工艺参数(放电功率和气体流速)、关键放电指标(平均电子能量、平均电子密度和特定能量密度)和烟气组分(H_(2)O和SO_(2))对反应性能的影响,确定了最佳的反应物浓度组合(0.02%的NO和6%的O_(2))。结果表明,输入功率为40 W和气体流速为1.5 L/min时具有更好的氧化效率,最优的氧化效率可以达到68%。输入功率和气体流速的改变对能量密度(SED)具有较大的影响。较高的能量密度会导致逆反应的发生,较低的能量密度会导致关键的NO氧化反应不易发生,最佳的能量密度范围介于480~610 J/L之间。以上两种工艺参数对平均电子能量(E_(e))和平均电子密度(n_(e))几乎没有任何影响。H_(2)O的加入可以促进NO氧化,氧化效率的提升幅度可以达到6%,而SO_(2)的加入则会抑制NO的氧化。该项工作可以为DBD氧化NO工艺的设计和优化提供最基础的参考。

Study of three-dimensional spatial diffuse discharge in contact electrode structure applied to air purification

In this work,based on the role of pre-ionization of the non-uniform electric field and its effect of reducing the collisional ionization coefficient,a diffuse dielectric barrier discharge plasma is formed in the open space outside the electrode structure at a lower voltage by constructing a three-dimensional non-uniform spatial electric field using a contact electrode structure.The air purification study is also carried out.Firstly,a contact electrode structure is constructed using a three-dimensional wire electrode.The distribution characteristics of the spatial electric field formed by this electrode structure are analyzed,and the effects of the non-uniform electric field and the different angles of the vertical wire on the generation of three-dimensional spatial diffuse discharge are investigated.Secondly,the copper foam contact electrode structure is constructed using copper foam material,and the effects of different mesh sizes on the electric field distribution are analyzed.The results show that as the mesh size of the copper foam becomes larger,a strong electric field region exists not only on the surface of the insulating layer,but also on the surface of the vertical wires inside the copper foam,i.e.,the strong electric field region shows a three-dimensional distribution.Besides,as the mesh size increases,the area of the vertical strong electric field also increases.However,the electric field strength on the surface of the insulating layer gradually decreases.Therefore,the appropriate mesh size can effectively increase the discharge area,which is conducive to improving the air purification efficiency.Finally,a highly permeable stacked electrode structure of multilayer wire-copper foam is designed.In combination with an ozone treatment catalyst,an air purification device is fabricated,and the air purification experiment is carried out.

Sustainable nitrogen fixation by bubble discharge plasma:Performance optimization and mechanism

Sustainable nitrogen fixation driven by renewable energy sources under mild conditions has been widely sought to replace the industrial Haber-Bosch process.The fixation of nitrogen in the form of NO_(x)^(-)and NH_4^(+)into aqueous solutions using electricity-driven gas-liquid discharge plasma is considered a promising prescription.In this paper,a scalable bubble discharge excited by nanosecond pulse power is employed for nitrogen fixation in the liquid phase.The nitrogen fixation performance and the mechanisms are analyzed by varying the power supply parameters,working gas flow rate and composition.The results show that an increase in voltage and frequency can result in an enhanced NO_(3)^(-)yield.Increases in the gas flow rate can result in inadequate activation of the working gas,which together with more inefficient mass transfer efficiencies can reduce the yield.The addition of O_(2) effectively elevates NO_(3)^(-)production while simultaneously inhibiting NH_4^(+) production.The addition of H_(2)O vapor increases the production of OH and H,thereby promoting the generation of reactive nitrogen and enhancing the yield of nitrogen fixation.However,the excessive addition of O_(2) and H_(2)O vapor results in negative effect on the yield of nitrogen fixation,due to the significant weakening of the discharge intensity.The optimal nitrogen fixation yield was up to 16.5 μmol/min,while the optimal energy consumption was approximately 21.3 MJ/mol in this study.Finally,the mechanism related to nitrogen fixation is discussed through the optical emission spectral(OES) information in conjunction with the simulation of energy loss paths in the plasma by BOLSIG+.The work advances knowledge of the effect of parameter variations on nitrogen fixation by gas-liquid discharge for higher yield and energy production.

Comparative analysis of single-crater parameters in ultrasonic-assisted and unassisted micro-EDM of Ti6Al4V using discharge plasma imaging

Ultrasonic-assisted micro-electro-discharge machining(EDM)has the potential to enhance processing responses such as material removal rate(MRR)and surface finish.To understand the reasons for this enhancement,the physical mechanisms responsible for the individual discharges and the craters that they form need to be explored.This work examines features of craters formed by single discharges at various parameter values in both conventional and ultrasonic-assistedEDM of Ti6Al4V.High-speed imaging of the plasma channel is performed,and data on the individual discharges are captured in real-time.A 2D axisymmetric model using finite element software is established to model crater formation.On the basis of simulation and experimental results,a comparative study is then carried out to examine the effects of ultrasonic vibrational assistance on crater geometry.For every set ofEDM parameters,the crater diameter and depth from a single discharge are found to be higher in ultrasonic-assistedEDM than in conventionalEDM.The improved crater geometry and the reduced bulge formation at the crater edges are attributed to the increased melt pool velocity and temperature predicted by the model.

Effect of dielectric material on the uniformity of nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge

Dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)is considered as a promising technique to produce large volume uniform plasma at atmospheric pressure,and the dielectric barrier layer between the electrodes plays a key role in the DBD processes and enhancing discharge uniformity.In this work,the uniformity and discharge characteristics of the nanosecond(ns)pulsed DBD with dielectric barrier layers made of alumina,quartz glass,polycarbonate(PC),and polypropylene(PP)are investigated via discharge image observation,voltage-current waveform measurement and optical emission spectral diagnosis.Through analyzing discharge image by gray value standard deviation method,the discharge uniformity is quantitatively calculated.The effects of the space electric field intensity,the electron density(Ne),and the space reactive species on the uniformity are studied with quantifying the gap voltage Ug and the discharge current Ig,analyzing the recorded optical emission spectra,and simulating the temporal distribution of Ne with a one-dimensional fluid model.It is found that as the relative permittivity of the dielectric materials increases,the space electric field intensity is enhanced,which results in a higher Ne and electron temperature(Te).Therefore,an appropriate value of space electric field intensity can promote electron avalanches,resulting in uniform and stable plasma by the merging of electron avalanches.However,an excessive value of space electric field intensity leads to the aggregation of space charges and the distortion of the space electric field,which reduce the discharge uniformity.The surface roughness and the surface charge decay are measured to explain the influences of the surface properties and the second electron emission on the discharge uniformity.The results in this work give a comprehensive understanding of the effect of the dielectric materials on the DBD uniformity,and contribute to the selection of dielectric materials for DBD reactor and the realization of atmospheric pressure uniform,stable,and reactive plasma sources.

On the evolution and formation of discharge morphology in pulsed dielectric barrier discharge

The discharge morphology of pulsed dielectric barrier discharge(PDBD) plays important roles in its applications. Here, we systematically investigated the effects of the voltage amplitude,discharge gap, and O_(2)content on the PDBD morphology, and revealed the possible underlying mechanism of the U-shaped formation. First, the morphological evolution under different conditions was recorded. A unique U-shaped region appears in the middle edge region when the gap is larger than 2 mm, while the entire discharge region remains columnar under a 2 mm gap in He PDBD. The width of the discharge and the U-shaped region increase with the increase in voltage, and decrease with the increase of the gap and O_(2)content. To explain this phenomenon,a two-dimensional symmetric model was developed to simulate the spatiotemporal evolution of different species and calculate the electric thrust. The discharge morphology evolution directly corresponds to the excited-state atomic reduction process. The electric thrust on the charged particles mainly determines the reaction region and strongly influences the U-shaped formation.When the gap is less than 2 mm, the electric thrust is homogeneous throughout the entire region,resulting in a columnar shape. However, when the gap is larger than 2 mm or O_(2)is added, the electric thrust in the edge region becomes greater than that in the middle, leading to the U-shaped formation. Furthermore, in He PDBD, the charged particles generating electric thrust are mainly electrons and helium ions, while in He/O_(2)PDBD those that generate electric thrust at the outer edge of the electrode surface are mainly various oxygen-containing ions.

Predictors of Abnormal Vaginal Discharge among Women of Reproductive Age in Southeast Nigeria

Background: An abnormal vaginal discharge is a common complaint among women of reproductive age, and it can indicate serious conditions like pelvic inflammatory disease and cervical cancer. This study aimed to assess the predictors of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age group in Imo State, Southeast Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 368 women of reproductive age group attending the clinic at Federal University Teaching Hospital Owerri, in Imo State, Nigeria. Respondents were recruited using a systematic sampling technique. Data were collected using a pre-tested interviewer-administered questionnaire. Multivariable analysis was performed to determine predictors of abnormal vaginal discharge. Statistical significance was set at p Results: The mean age of the respondents was 30 ± 4.5 years. Predictors of abnormal vaginal discharge were: age 36 - 45 years (OR: 4.5;95% C.I: 1.023 - 8.967, p = 0.041), being a student (OR: 2.4: 95% C.I: 1.496 - 7.336, p = 0.003), use of oral contraceptives (OR: 3.4;95% C.I: 1.068 - 6.932, p = 0.010), use of water cistern (OR: 4.7;C.I: 1.654 - 5.210, p = 0.028) anal hygiene practices (OR: 2.7;95% C.I: 1.142 - 4.809, p Conclusion: These findings suggest that targeted sexual and reproductive health interventions should be provided to reduce the risk of abnormal vaginal discharge in women of reproductive age group.