Symphyseal Disjunction after Dystocic Vaginal Delivery: About Two Cases at the SourôSanou University Hospital of Bobo-Dioulasso (CHUSS)

Diastasis of the symphysis pubis is a rare postpartum complication. We report two cases of symphysis diastasis after dystocic delivery, in two patients who presented in the postpartum period with functional impotence, pubalgia and acute urine retention. A frontal radiograph of the pelvis confirmed the diagnosis, showing a symphyseal separation of 12 mm and 18 mm. In our case, management was mainly medical, with a favorable clinical outcome.

Synthesis of refrigeration system based on generalized disjunctive programming model

Refrigeration system holds an important role in process industries. The optimal synthesis cannot only reduce the energy consumption, but also save the production costs. In this study, a general methodology is developed for the optimal design of refrigeration cycle and heat exchanger network(HEN) simultaneously. Taking the heat integration between the external heat sources/sinks and the refrigeration cycle into consideration, a superstructure with sub-coolers is developed. Through defining logical variables that indicate the relative temperature positions of refrigerant streams after sub-coolers, the synthesis is formulated as a Generalized Disjunctive Programming(GDP) problem based on LP transshipment model, with the target of minimizing the total compressor shaft work in the refrigeration system. The GDP model is then reformulated as a Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming(MINLP) problem with the aid of binary variables and Big-M Constraint Method. The efficacy of the process synthesis model is demonstrated by a case study of ethylene refrigeration system. The result shows that the optimization can significantly reduce the exergy loss as well as the total compression shaft work.

Phylogenetic diversity of eastern Asia-eastern North America disjunct plants is mainly associated with divergence time

The underlying causes of biodiversity disparities among geographic regions have long been a fundamental theme in ecology and evolution.However,the patterns of phylogenetic diversity(PD) and phylogenetic beta diversity(PBD) of congeners that are disjunctly distributed between eastern Asia-eastern North America(EA-ENA disjuncts) and their associated factors remain unknown.Here we investigated the standardized effect size of PD(SES-PD),PBD,and potentially associated factors in 11natural mixed forest sites(five in EA and six in ENA) where abundant EA-ENA disjuncts occur.We found that the disjuncts in ENA possessed higher SES-PD than those in EA at the continental scale(1.96vs-1.12),even though the number of disjunct species in ENA is much lower than in EA(128 vs 263).SESPD of the EA-ENA disjuncts tended to decrease with increasing latitude in 11 sites.The latitudinal diversity gradient of SES-PD was stronger in EA sites than in ENA sites.Based on the unweighted unique fraction metric(UniFrac) distance and the phylogenetic community dissimilarity,PBD showed that the two northern sites in EA were more similar to the six-site ENA group than to the remaining southern EA sites.Based on the standardized effect size of mean pairwise distances(SES-MPD),nine of eleven studied sites showed a neutral community structure(-1.96 ≤SES-MPD ≤1.96).Both Pearson’s r and structural equation modeling suggested that SES-PD of the EA-ENA disjuncts was mostly associated with mean divergence time.Moreover,SES-PD of the EA-ENA disjuncts was positively correlated with temperaturerelated climatic factors,although negatively correlated with mean diversification rate and community structure.By applying approaches from phylogenetics and community ecology,our work sheds light on historical patterns of the EA-ENA disjunction and paves the way for further research.

Comparative transcriptomes reveal the disjunction adaptive strategy of Thuja species in East Asia and North America

The genus Thuja is ideal for investigating the genetic basis of the East Asia-North America disjunction.The biogeographical background of the genus is debatable and an adaptive strategy is lacking.Through the analysis and mining of comparative transcriptomes,species differentiation and positively selected genes(PSGs)were identified to provide information for understanding the environmental adaptation strategies of the genus Thuja.De novo assembly yielded 44,397-74,252 unigenes of the five Thuja species with contig N50length ranging from 1,559 to 1,724 bp.Annotations revealed a similar distribution of functional categories among them.Based on the phylogenetic trees constructed using the transcriptome data,T.sutchuenensis was divided first,followed by T.plicata and T.occidentalis.The final differentiation of T.koraiensis and T.standishii formed a clade.Enrichment analysis indicated that the PSGs of the North American Thuja species were involved in plant hormone signal transduction and carbon fixation of photosynthetic organisms pathways.The PSGs of East Asian Thuja were related to phenolic,alkaloid,and terpenoid synthesis,important stress-resistant genes and could increase plant resistance to external environmental stresses.This study discovered numerous aroma synthetic-related PSGs including terpene synthase(TPS)genes and lipid phosphate phosphatase 2(LPP2),associated with the synthetic aroma of T.sutchuenensis.Physiological indicators,such as the contents of soluble sugars,total chlorophyll,total phenolics,and total flavonoids were determined,which are consistent with the PSGs enrichment pathways associated with adaptive strategies in the five Thuja species.The results of this study provide an important basis for future studies on conservation genetics.

有限维向量空间上d-disjunct矩阵的构作

Non-adaptive group testing(NGT)算法在许多领域中都有着非常广泛地应用,而d-disjunct矩阵是NGT算法的一个重要的数学模型.在有限维向量空间上构造了一类新的d-disjunct矩阵.

n阶射影平面上d-disjunct矩阵的构作

Non-adaptive group testing(NGT)算法在许多领域中都有着非常广泛的应用,而d-disjunct矩阵是NGT算法的一个重要的数学模型.研究了n阶射影平面上d-disjunct矩阵的构作并分析了它的检纠错能力.

基于分子标记的白蜡树属椒叶梣组系统发育及谱系地理格局形成

木犀科白蜡树属椒叶梣组(Fraxinus sect. Sciadanthus)由自然分布于中国中部的对节白蜡(Fraxinus hupehensis S.Z.Qu,C.B.Shang&P.L.Su)、喜马拉雅西部的椒叶梣(Fraxinusxanthoxyloides(G.Don)DC.)和非洲北部的Fraxinus dimorpha 3个物种组成,呈现出特殊的间断分布模式,目前该组的起源和演化过程尚不清楚。利用ITS、psbA-trnH、rpl32-trnL和matK 4个标记对白蜡树属42个物种间的系统发育关系进行分析,结果表明:(1)利用ITS序列构建的贝叶斯系统树支持Wallander的分类方法,即属内再分成6个组,对节白蜡、椒叶梣和F. dimorpha都属于椒叶梣组,且该组与欧梣组(sect. Fraxinus)的亲缘关系最近,形成姐妹组;(2)椒叶梣可能是F. dimorpha与欧亚种的杂交后代;(3)BEAST分化时间图显示,白蜡树属最早起源于42.05 Ma,椒叶梣组最早分化于21.86 Ma,对节白蜡最早分化于11.87 Ma。青藏高原的快速隆起可能是导致椒叶组物种间断分布的重要原因,对节白蜡和椒叶梣可能是其影响下的孑遗植物。

《阿凡达》:后工业社会的必然神话——兼论一部好电影呈现的影像世界

电影的技术创新在科技飞速发展的今天日益引人关注。但除此之外,好电影呈现的影像世界还应该在与现实人生的关联、形而上想象界的创设与人物主体新世界的建构等方面也都有优秀的表现,詹姆斯·卡梅隆的《阿凡达》运用高新拍摄技术近乎完美地实现了这一点。影片既有对科技极度发达、资本无限扩张而人却倍感断裂与锁闭、孤独与恐惧的后工业社会生活图景的真实呈现,也有对象征着人类自由完整生命归宿的潘多拉星球的奇丽想象,还有对处在两个世界夹缝中的人物内心情感和主体身份重构的探寻。影片让人们观照人类现在所做的一切,思考将来可能发生的后果,并在电影创造的神话般的宇宙生命图景中寻找到灵魂皈依。因此,《阿凡达》成为进入高度信息化智能化时代的人们集体缅怀和反思现代性生活的价值参照,具有超越其自身文本的当代电影生产的社会学意义,它是后工业社会必然产生的神话。相比之下,《阿凡达2:水之道》这三方面的表现则相形见绌。

周惠芳“形神观”辨治经间期出血所致不孕经验

周惠芳提出从“形神观”论治经间期出血所致不孕,认为本病病机为心肾不交、水火失济,是以经后期阴精不足、血海不能滋长,经间期不达重阴、热扰冲任,从而出现经间期出血、影响两精相合以致不孕。在治疗本病时,周惠芳在调周分期论治基础上,重视调心宁神,使神静则生水、水充则能制火,水火相互制约,避免火旺破血妄行,在临床上每获良效。

河北巨鹿方言选择疑问句琐议

河北巨鹿方言属于冀鲁官话中石济片的邢衡小片,语气词十分丰富。巨鹿方言的选择疑问句以选择问句和正反问句为主。共时层面上,选择问句、正反问句和重叠问句三者之间可以互相变换。历时层面上,巨鹿方言正反问句有三条演变路径:VP不哎>VP[口拜];VP不哎>VP不V(P)哎>V不VP哎/吔;V不VP哎/吔>VVP。这三条路径的演变动因分别是合音、重新分析以及紧缩化。此外,巨鹿方言和汉语的其他方言在语气词的使用以及选择疑问句的句式方面有类型学共性。

武当山神道上的牛女传说及其“再生隐喻”

武当山神道上的“牛女传说”,在主调和伴音之外,亦有变奏相生。这些“再生隐喻”以变奏的形态承续演绎,表现为“悖论性离合”与“局限性许可”两重维域。前者的力度在于“强化”,后者的重心在于“去势”,二者两相协和,共同完成神话意蕴的新造与再生。

Evolution of the Madrean-Tethyan disjunctions and the North and South American amphitropical disjunctions in plants

The present paper reviews advances in the study of two major intercontinental disjunct biogeographic patterns： （i） between Eurasian and western North American deserts with the Mediterranean climate （the Madrean- Tethyan disjunctions）; and （ii） between the temperate regions of North and South America （the amphitropical disjunctions）. Both disjunct patterns have multiple times of origin. The amphitropical disjunctions have largely resulted from long-distance dispersal, primarily from the Miocene to the Holocene, with available data indicating that most lineages dispersed from North to South America. Results of recent studies on the Mediterranean disjuncts between the deserts of Eurasia and western North America support the multiple modes of origin and are mostly consistent with hypotheses of long-distance dispersal and the North Atlantic migration. Axelrod＇s Madrean-Tethyan hypothesis, which implies vicariance between the two regions in the early Tertiary, has been favored by a few studies. The Beringian migration corridor for semiarid taxa is also supported in some cases.

Phylogenetic analysis of Toxicodendron(Anacardiaceae) and its biogeographic implications on the evolution of north temperate and tropical intercontinental disjunctions

Toxicodendron is a genus in the Rhus complex of Anacardiaceae with a disjunct distribution between eastern Asia and North America, extending to southeastern Asia and the neotropics. Nuclear （internal transcribed spacer, external transcribed spacer, and NIA-i3） and chloroplast （ndhF and trnL-F） sequences were used to construct phylogenetic relationships of Toxicodendron. Phylogenetic analysis of these data strongly support Toxieodendron as a monophyletic group distinct from other genera of the Rhus complex, and the phylogeny does not fully corroborate classification at the sectional level. Two temperate disjunct lineages were detected, one from section Toxicodendron and the other between the eastern North American Toxicodendron vernix and the eastern Asian Toxicodendron vernieifluum. Their divergence times were estimated to be 13.46 （7.95-19.42） and 7.53 （2.76-12.86） mya, respectively. The disjunction between section Griffithii （taxa from warm temperate to tropical Asia） and Toxieodendron striatum （from the neotropics） was supported and their divergence time was estimated to be 20.84 （11.1 6-30.52） mya in the early Miocene. Our biogeographic results and the paleontological data support the Bering land bridge as the most likely route to explain the temperate disjunctions, yet the tropical disjunction in Toxicodendron seems to be best explained by the North Atlantic land bridge hypothesis.

Evolution of biogeographic disjunction between eastern Asia and North America in Chamaecyparis:Insights from ecological niche models

The disjunct distribution of plants between eastern Asia(EA) and North America(NA) is one of the most well-known biogeographic patterns. However, the formation and historical process of this pattern have been long debated. Chamaecyparis is a good model to test previous hypotheses about the formation of this disjunct pattern as it contains six species disjunctly distributed in EA, western North America(WNA)and eastern North America(ENA). In this study, we applied ecological niche models to test the formation of the disjunct pattern of Chamaecyparis. The model calibrated with the EA species was able to predict the distribution of eastern NA species well, but not the western NA species. Furthermore, the eastern Asian species were shown to have higher niche overlap with the eastern North American species. The EA species were also shown to share more similar habitats with ENA species than with WNA species in the genus. Chamaecyparis species in WNA experienced a significant niche shift compared with congeneric species. Chamaecyparis had a low number of suitable regions in Europe and the middle and western NA during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM) period, and became extinct in the former region whereas it retains residual distribution in the latter. The extirpations in western NA and Europe in response to the late Neogene and Quaternary climatic cooling and the more similar habitats between ENA and EA ultimately shaped the current intercontinental disjunct distribution of Chamaecyparis. Both current hypotheses may be also jointly applied to explain more eastern Asian and eastern North American disjunctions observed today.

Phylogenetic biogeography and taxonomy of disjunctly distributed bryophytes

More than 200 research papers on the molecular phylogeny and phylogenetic biogeography ofbryophytes have been published since the beginning of this millenium. These papers corroborated assumptions of a complex genetic structure of morphologically circumscribed bryophytes, and raised reservations against many morphologically justified species concepts, especially within the mosses. However, many molecular studies allowed for corrections and modifications of morphological classification schemes. Several studies reported that the phylogenetic structure of disjunctly distributed bryophyte species reflects their geographical ranges rather than morphological disparities. Molecular data led to new appraisals of distribution ranges and allowed for the reconstruction of refugia and migration routes. Intercontinental ranges of bryophytes are often caused by dispersal rather than geographical vicariance. Many distribution patterns of disjunct bryophytes are likely formed by processes such as short distance dispersal, rare long distance dispersal events, extinction, recolonization and diversification.

Structure and dendroecology of Thuja occidentalis in disjunct stands south of its contiguous range in the central Appalachian Mountains, USA

Background： Information on forest structure, growth, and disturbance history is essential for effective forest management in a dynamic landscape. Because most of our research concerning the ecology and growth of Thujo ocddenralis comes from sites in northern portions of its range, highly contextual biotic and abiotic factors that affect the species in more southern locales may not be fully accounted for. This research characterized the structural attributes and growth dynamics of Thuja occidentolis in disjunct forest stands south of its contiguous range margin. Methods： The Thujo occidentalis forests examined in this research were located in the central Appalachian Mountains, USA, approximately 440 km south of the contiguous range margin of the species. Forest structural attributes were characterized in two Thujo occidentalis forest stands, which are rare in the region. Tree-ring chronologies were used to examine the influences of disturbance and climate on the growth of Thuja occidentolis. Results： The forests contained a total of 13 tree species with Thuja occidentalis contributing substantially to the basal area of the sites. Thujo occidentalis stems were absent in the smallest size class, while hardwood species were abundant in the smallest classes. Thuja occidentalis stems also were absent from the 〈 70 years age class. By contrast, Thuja occidentalis snags were abundant within stands. Growth-release events were distributed across the disturbance chronology and generally affected a small number of trees. The Thujo occidentolis tree-ring chronology possessed an interseries correlation of 0.62 and mean sensitivity of 0.25. The correlation between mean temperature and Thuja occidentalis growth was weak and variable. Growth and moisture variables were more strongly correlated, and this relationship was predominantly positive. Conclusions： Structural attributes indicate the forests are in the understory reinitiation stage of forest development. Silvicultural manipulations may be necessary to promote Thujo occidentalis establishment. The sensitivity of Thujo occidentalis to climate appears similar throughout its range, but geographical variation in the growth response to climate factors is apparent. More research is necessary to expand the geographical and ecological scope of our knowledge concerning Thuja occidentalis, particularly at more southern and disjunct sites.

食管部分断离法在腹腔镜辅助全胃切除术食管-空肠吻合中的应用

目的总结食管部分断离法在上部胃癌腹腔镜辅助全胃切除术食管-空肠吻合中的手术经验,评价其临床效果及安全性。方法回顾性分析新乡医学院第一附属医院普外科行腹腔镜辅助全胃切除术+食管-空肠Roux-en-Y重建手术治疗的28例胃癌患者临床资料。应用食管部分断离法完成圆形吻合器抵钉座包埋。观察患者手术时间、食管-空肠吻合重建时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数目、术后排气时间、术后住院时间以及吻合口瘘、发热、术后出血、切口感染、吻合口狭窄等术后并发症发生情况。结果28例患者均顺利完成腹腔镜辅助全胃切除术+食管-空肠Roux-en-Y手术。手术时间(193±42)min,食管-空肠吻合重建时间(26.2±4.3)min,术中出血量为(109±32)ml,淋巴结清扫数目(28.1±7.2)枚;术后并发症发生率为14.3%(4/28),其中发热2例、术后肠道动力不足2例;术后排气时间为(3.4±0.8)d,术后住院时间(10.4±1.1)d。所有患者均未发生腹部切口感染、术后出血、吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄。结论食管部分断离法在上部胃癌腹腔镜辅助全胃切除术食管-空肠吻合中应用,吻合操作简单,且安全可行。

名中医胡跃强基于“扶阳三焦次第法”论治顽固性失眠经验

总结胡跃强教授基于“扶阳三焦次第法”治疗顽固性失眠经验。胡跃强教授认为三焦阳虚是顽固性失眠的根本病因,从三焦阳虚导致心肺失降、脾胃气机失调、肝肾失升,分析顽固性失眠的发病机制。根据三焦是人体气血、水火运行的通道,是调和阴阳的关键枢机,阳气以温为用、常易亏易损等生理特点,在治法上采用“三焦次第法”即桂枝法宣通中上二焦,四逆法温固下焦,并倡导择时服药的诊疗思想,疗效显著。

析取回答集程序设计结构化测试方法

针对析取回答集程序的结构化测试基础理论匮乏的问题,系统化地提出析取回答集程序结构化测试覆盖的概念。首先,定义针对析取回答集程序的测试用例,确立析取回答集程序的主要测试实体为程序中的逻辑规则;其次,通过对规则的头、规则的体、规则的集合等不同测试目标构建了规则覆盖、定义覆盖、环覆盖等基本概念来模拟结构化测试中的语句覆盖、分支覆盖等概念;最后,提出了析取回答集程序的测试覆盖率计算公式,并举例说明各种覆盖下的覆盖率计算方法,并讨论了析取回答集程序的部分特殊性质和关键指标。