Direct hydrocarbon identification in shale oil reservoirs using fluid dispersion attribute based on an extended frequency-dependent seismic inversion scheme

The identification of hydrocarbons using seismic methods is critical in the prediction of shale oil res-ervoirs.However,delineating shales of high oil saturation is challenging owing to the similarity in the elastic properties of oil-and water-bearing shales.The complexity of the organic matter properties associated with kerogen and hydrocarbon further complicates the characterization of shale oil reservoirs using seismic methods.Nevertheless,the inelastic shale properties associated with oil saturation can enable the utilization of velocity dispersion for hydrocarbon identification in shales.In this study,a seismic inversion scheme based on the fluid dispersion attribute was proposed for the estimation of hydrocarbon enrichment.In the proposed approach,the conventional frequency-dependent inversion scheme was extended by incorporating the PP-wave reflection coefficient presented in terms of the effective fluid bulk modulus.A rock physics model for shale oil reservoirs was constructed to describe the relationship between hydrocarbon saturation and shale inelasticity.According to the modeling results,the hydrocarbon sensitivity of the frequency-dependent effective fluid bulk modulus is superior to the traditional compressional wave velocity dispersion of shales.Quantitative analysis of the inversion re-sults based on synthetics also reveals that the proposed approach identifies the oil saturation and related hydrocarbon enrichment better than the above-mentioned conventional approach.Meanwhile,in real data applications,actual drilling results validate the superiority of the proposed fluid dispersion attribute as a useful hydrocarbon indicator in shale oil reservoirs.

Analysis of CO_3O_4/ Mildly Oxidized Graphite Oxide(mGO)Nanocomposites of Mild Oxidation Degree for the Removal of Acid Orange 7

In this study,a series of Co_3O_4/ mildly oxidized graphite oxide(mGO) nanocatalysts(Co_3O_4/ mGO-l,Co_3O_4/ mGO-2 and Co_3O_4/mGO-3) were synthesized through solvothermal method and used as a mediator for the heterogeneous peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation.The performance of CO_3O_4 / mGO/PMS system was investigated using acid orange 7(AO7).Results showed that Co_3O_4/mGO-3 had the best degradation efficiency of AO7 and the removal rate was above 90%in about 6 min.The phenomenon indicated the catalytic activity of Co_3O_4/mGO composites was related to the oxidation degree of graphite oxide(GO).In addition,experiments showed the content of Co_3O_4 had an effect on the catalytic activity.The composites were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),FTIR,Raman,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).According to the charactrization and synergistic catalytic mechanism,the generation of Co—OH complexes found to be the initial step to activate PMS in the heterogeneous system of Co_3O_4/mGO hybrid.

Morphology-controlled synthesis of Al/Fe_2O_3 nano-composites via electrospinning

In this article, nano-scale Al/Fe2O3 composites with different morphologies were successfully obtained by a simple electrospinning technique, which is based on a surfactant（polyvinyl pyridine, PVP） in a mixture of N,N-dimethylformamide（DMF） and 2-propanol. The electrospun Al/Fe2O3 composites exhibited a crystal structure and phase composition by X-ray diffraction analysis. The different morphologies of the Al/Fe2O3 composites were also observed through scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the rather simple electrospinning method used to prepare the morphology-controlled Al/Fe2O3 composites may have the potential for preparation of propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics in the future.

Facile Fabrication of High-performance Polyimide Nanocomposites with in situ Formed“Impurity-free”Dispersants

Polyimide/carbon black（PI/CB） nanocomposite films were fabricated via the direct ball-milling method with poly（amic acid）（PAA）, the precursor of PI, as an in situ formed impurity-free dispersant. FTIR and Raman spectral results reveal that, besides physical adsorption, chemical grafting of PAA chains onto the CB surface occurs during the ball-milling process. Comparative studies show that introduction of various commercial dispersants improves the dispersion of CB. However, the mixtures exhibit poor reproducibility, unstable electrical properties, and decreased tensile strength; these issues may be attributed to interfacial pollution brought about by differences in the chemical structures of the dispersant and the matrix. The impurity-free dispersant is effective not only in ensuring the uniform dispersion of CB particles but also in enhancing filler-matrix interfacial adhesion. High-molecular weight PAA chains are effective reagents for impurity-free modification and can therefore be used to improve the electrical and mechanical properties of the resultant composite.