Is fluoroscopy-free single-use flexible ureteroscopy a feasible treatment for kidney stones with abnormal renal anatomy?

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the fluoroscopy-free single-use flexible ureteroscopy procedure in the treatment of kidney stones with abnormal renal anatomy compared to normal renal anatomy.MethodsForty patients with abnormal (Group A) and 80 patients with normal (Group B) renal anatomy who had 10–20 mm renal stones were included. They were treated with LithoVue single-use flexible ureteroscopy (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA) after ureteric dilatation by two different size semi-rigid ureteroscopes. This technique was chosen as the aim was to exclude any ureteric pathology (e.g., stone or stricture), confirm the placement of a safe guidewire, avoid balloon dilatation of the ureter, and achieve safe insertion of a 12 Fr, 35/45 cm ureteric access sheath with optical and tactile sign and without fluoroscopy image for guidance.ResultsThe mean ages were 43 years and 45 years in Group A and Group B, respectively. The mean stone burden was 14.62 (standard deviation: 5.35) mm^(3) and 14.79 (standard deviation: 4.58) mm^(3) in Group A and Group B, respectively. There is no significant difference between both groups according to the mean operative time, hospital stay, or stone-free rate. The stone-free rate was about 93% in both groups when the stone size was between 10 mm and 15 mm, and less than 54% when the stone size was more than 15 mm to 20 mm. In the majority of cases (80.0% in Group A and 92.5% in Group B), we completed the procedure without fluoroscopy. The perioperative complication rates were comparable in the two groups.ConclusionFluoroscopy-free single-use flexible ureteroscopy, when performed by expert urologists, is a feasible treatment for pre-stented patients with kidney calculi of ≤15 mm with abnormal renal anatomy.

Clinical efficacy and safety of flexible ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for large kidney stones:A retrospective comparative study

BACKGROUND Renal stones ranging 20–40 mm are very common in China.Although no largesample clinical studies have confirmed the clinical efficacy and safety of this method,there is also a lack of comparative data with traditional treatment.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of flexible ureteroscopy(FURS)and percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)by postoperative stone clearance and changes in soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1(sVCAM-1)and kidney injury molecule 1(KIM-1)levels in patients with large kidney stones(>2 cm in diameter).METHODS This single-center observational study was performed at a Chinese hospital between January 1,2021,and October 30,2023.All 250 enrolled patients were diagnosed with large kidney stones(>2 cm)and divided into a FURS group(n=145)and a PCNL group(n=105)by the surgical method.The FURS group was treated with flexible ureteroscopy and the PCNL group was treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy.The operation time,time to palinesthesia,intraoperative blood loss,drop in hemoglobin,length of hospital stay,stone clearance rate,and complications were recorded in the two groups.Preoperative and postoperative serum sVCAM-1 levels,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),urine KIM-1 levels,preoperative and postoperative pain visual analog scale(VAS)and Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life Questionnaire(WISQOL)scores were also documented.RESULTS All 250 eligible patients completed the follow-up.There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups(P>0.05).The operation time in the FURS group was significantly greater than that in the PCNL group.The time to ambulation,intraoperative blood loss,decrease in hemoglobin,and length of hospital stay were significantly lower in the FURS group than in the PCNL group.The FURS group also had a significantly higher stone clearance rate and a lower incidence of postoperative complications.There was no significant difference in antibiotic use between the groups.Postoperative serum sVCAM-1 levels,urine KIM-1 levels,and VAS scores were lower in the FURS group than in the PCNL group,but postoperative ESR and WISQOL scores were greater in the FURS group than in the PCNL group.CONCLUSION FURS demonstrated superior clinical efficacy in treating large kidney stones(>2 cm in diameter)compared PCNL.It not only improved the postoperative stone clearance rate and reduced complications and recovery time but also positively affected serum SCM-1,ESR,and urine KIM-1 levels,subsequent improvement of patient quality of life.

Flexible ureteroscopy:Technological advancements,current indications and outcomes in the treatment of urolithiasis

The last 3 decades have witnessed great improvements in the technology and clinical applications of many minimally invasive procedures in the urological field.Flexible ureteroscopy(fURS)has advanced considerably to become a widely utilized diagnostic and therapeutic tool for multiple upper urinary tract pathologies.The most common indication for fURS is the treatment of upper urinary tract stones with the aid of Holmium:Yttrium Aluminium Garnet(YAG)laser lithotripsy.Advancements in endoscope technologies and operative techniques have lead to a broader application of fURS in the management of urolithiasis to include larger and more complex stones.fURS has proved to be an effective and safe procedure with few contraindications.Continued progression in fURS may increase its clinical applicability and supplant other procedures as the first line treatment option for urolithiasis.

Comparison of combined laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy with percutaneous nephrolithotomy for removing large impacted upper ureteral stones with concurrent renal stones

Objectives:The present study compared the safety and efficacy of combined laparoscopic ureterolithotomy(LU)and flexible ureteroscopy with percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)for removing large impacted upper ureteral stones with concurrent renal stones.Methods:This study included 52 patients who underwent combined LU and retrograde flexible ureteroscopy for removing renal stones(group A)or PCNL(group B)for removing large upper impacted ureteral stones and concurrent renal stones at our department from January 2014 to December 2016.Patient demographics,stone characteristics,and procedure-related parameters including stone-free rate,operation time,hospital stay after surgery,mean decrease in hemoglobin levels,visual analog scale(VAS)score,auxiliary procedure rate,and complication rate were compared between groups A and B.Results:Results of this study showed that both procedures were effective for removing large impacted upper ureteral stones with concurrent renal stones.The stone-free rate after a single procedure was 95.7%in group A and 89.7%in group B(p?0.62).The operation time was longer in group A than in group B(112.2±23.3 min versus 96.2±16.4 min,p?0.006).However,no significant difference was observed between the two groups with respect to the length of hospital stay after the surgery(5 days versus 6 days,p?0.06).The decrease in hemoglobin levels was significantly higher in group B than in group A(0.64±0.36 g/dL versus1.44±0.65 g/dL,p<0.0001).The mean VAS scores obtained at 24 hours(2.91±1.08 versus 5.10±1.01,p<0.0001)and 48 hours after the surgery(1.09±0.73 versus 2.28±0.96,p<0.0001)were significantly higher for group B than for group A.Moreover,the auxiliary procedure rate was higher in group B than in group A(6.9%versus 0%).Conclusion:These results indicate that both combined LU and flexible ureteroscopy and PCNL are suitable for removing large impacted upper ureteral stones with concurrent renal stones and are associated with a high rate of patients being stone free afterwards.Despite the longer operation time,the combined laparoscopic and endourological procedure may be associated with less postoperative pain and fewer major complications.However,the choice of treatment depends on the preferences of surgeons and patients.

The efficacy and safety of ureteroscopic lithotripsy and flexible ureteroscopy with continuous anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs:A multicenter retrospective real-world study

Objective The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of ureteroscopic lithotripsy and flexible ureteroscopy(fURS)for treating patients on anticoagulant(AC)or antiplatelet(AP)medications.Patients and Methods The study included 213 patients with urinary stones who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy or fURS between January 2019 and October 2022 at the Shanghai Municipal Hospital Urology Specialist Alliance.Among these patients,15 received AC therapy,193 received AP therapy,and 5 received both AC and AP therapy.Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the real-world management of antithrombotic drugs:the continuation group(n=62),the discontinuation group(n=91),and the discontinuation and bridge heparin group(n=60).Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were compared among the 3 groups.Results Age,sex,body mass index,stone location,stone size,stone side,and residual fragments were not different among the groups.None of the patients received blood transfusions or had thromboembolic events,emergencies for gross hematuria,significant bleeding-related complications,or unplanned secondary ureteroscopic surgery.The mean duration of hospital stay of the continuation group(3.97 days)was significantly lower than that of the discontinuation group(5.99 days)and the discontinuation and bridge heparin group(5.75 days)(p<0.001).Conclusions Ureteroscopic lithotripsy and fURS can be performed safely and effectively in patients on AC or AP drugs,resulting in reduced duration of hospital stay.

Flexible and disposable paper-based gas sensor using reduced graphene oxide/chitosan composite

Nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))is a representative toxicant in air pollution that mostly arises from the exhaust gas released by automobiles.It is related to various respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and sudden infant death syndrome.Additionally,because the toxicity of nitrogen dioxide is high in overpopulated areas(i.e.,a capital or metropolis),the development of simple,practical,and facile sensors is highly needed.This work presents a flexible and disposable paper-based NO_(2)sensor based on a reduced graphene oxide/chitosan(r GO/CS)composite.The synthesized r GO/CS composite can be easily flexed and deformed into various shapes,which are attributed to chitosan molecules that function as a dispersion and reduction agent and support material.In addition,this composite can be attached to paper owing to its adhesive property;hence it can be utilized in versatile applications in a disposable manner.By analyzing the conductive change of the r GO/CS composite when it reacts with NO_(2),we can detect nitrogen dioxide in a concentration range of 0–100 ppm with a detection limit of 1 ppm.Moreover,we performed NO_(2)detection in the exhaust gas released by automobiles using the r GO/CS composite for practical application.The results indicated that the r GO/CS composite has the potential to be used in feasible gas sensing as a facile and disposable sensor under various conditions.

Ureteroscopy with Holmium: YAG Laser—A Initial Study in the Urology Department of the Pr Bocar Sidy Sall University Hospital of Kati

Introduction: Ureteroscopy is a minimally invasive endoscopic surgery which provides access to the ureter, pyelon and calyceal cavities via the urethra and the bladder. Laser ureteroscopy uses the laser as an energy source to treat the stone and eliminate it naturally. Minimally invasive endoscopic methods are struggling to become popular in sub-Saharan African countries, especially for the upper urinary tract. The objective of our work was to report the results of our first laser ureteroscopy experience in the department. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective and descriptive study running from December 1, 2023 to February 19, 2024. Included in our study was any case of upper urinary tract stone operated by Laser ureteroscopy. The characteristics of the lithiasis were determined by CT scan. Sterilization of urine was verified by carrying out a cytobacteriological examination of urine. Ureteral lithiasis was approached by semi-rigid ureteroscopy. Renal lithiasis was immediately addressed by flexible ureteroscopy. Ureteroscopy was coupled with a Holmium YAG laser. A double J ureteral catheter was placed after the operation. A 230 µm laser fiber was used in each case with a generator with a power of 35 watts (Storz Calculase III type). An access sheath was used in all cases of flexible ureteroscopy. The parameters studied were: sociodemographic characteristics, lithiasis (site, size, number, density, topography), type of anesthesia, duration of laser use, duration of intervention, postoperative outcomes. Data entry and analysis were carried out using the software (Word 2016 and SPSS). Result: We collected 30 cases of laser ureteroscopy. The average age was 37 years with extremes of 9 and 79 years. The male gender was more represented. The most common age group was 24-39 years old. Renal colic was the most frequent reason for admission, 12 patients (40%). On physical examination, lumbar tenderness was present in 47% (14 patients). ECBU was positive in 4 patients (13%). CT scan was performed in all our patients before the intervention. The average stone size was 12 mm and the largest was 23 mm. The majority of stones, i.e. 59% (18 patients), had a density greater than 1000 HU. The stone was unique in 19 patients (63%). The location of the stone was pyelic in 8 patients or 27%. An impact on the upper urinary tract was found in 16 of our patients or 53%. General anesthesia was used in 25 patients (83%). A digital flexible ureteroscopy was used in 24 patients and a semi-rigid ureteroscopy (URS) in 6 patients. Full-course fragmentation was the most used therapeutic method, 9 patients or 32%. The average duration of interventions was 61 minutes. Drainage by double J catheter at the end of the procedure was performed in all our patients. The length of hospitalization was 24 hours. Only one case of failure in the USSR was recorded, and one case of failure was in the semi-rigid URS. Conclusion: Laser ureteroscopy is an effective minimally invasive surgery in the management of lithiasis of the upper urinary tract. It significantly reduces the length of hospitalization. Mastery of this technique and the acquisition of the equipment necessary for its implementation is an undeniable asset in the management of renal and ureteral lithiasis.

Single-use flexible ureteroscopes: Comparative in vitro analysis of four scopes

Objective:Single-use flexible ureteroscopes(fURSs)have recently been introduced by different companies.Goal of this in-vitro study was to compare four fURSs.Methods:We performed in vitro analysis of Uscope 7.5 Fr and Uscope 9.5 Fr(Pusen Ltd.,Zhuhai,China),LithoVue 9.5 Fr(LithoVue
,Boston Scientific,MA,USA),and Indoscope 9.5 Fr(Bioradmedisys
,Pune,India).Optical characteristics(image resolution,color representation,and luminosity)were compared at various distances of 10 mm,20 mm,and 50 mm.Deflection and irrigation were evaluated with and without accessories.Results:Color perception was comparable for all scopes at 10 mm(p<0.05),while Lithovue 9.5 Fr was comparable with Indoscope 9.5 Fr at the distances of 20 mm and 50 mm.Both scopes were statistically better than both Uscopes at the distances of 20 mm and 50 mm.Image resolution powers were comparable amongst all fURSs at the distances of 10 mm and 20 mm(3.56 line pairs per millimeter[lp/mm]).However,Indoscope(3.56 lp/mm)was superior to LithoVue and Uscope scopes(3.17 lp/mm)at the distance of 50 mm.Luminosity at the distance of 10 mm was comparable for LithoVue and Uscope 9.5 Fr.However,at the distances of 20 mm and 50 mm,LithoVue had the highest luminosity while Uscope 7.5 Fr had the lowest one.Indoscope had lower luminosity than other 9.5 Fr scopes at all distances.With empty working channel and 200 mm laser fiber,Indoscope had the maximum deflection(285
).With basket,Uscope 7.5 Fr had the maximum loss of deflection(30
)while Indoscope had no deflection loss.With empty working channel,all scopes had comparable irrigation flow rates in both deflected and undeflected state.Similarly,with 200 mm laser or basket,irrigation flow rates were comparable in all scopes.Conclusion:Color representation was equivalent for Indoscope and LithoVue,while being better than Uscope 7.5 Fr and Uscope 9.5 Fr.Image resolution was comparable in all scopes at the distances of 10 mm and 20 mm.Beyond the distance of 10 mm,luminosity of LithoVue was the highest and that of Uscope 7.5 Fr was the lowest.Deflection loss was the minimum with Indoscope and the maximum with 7.5 Fr Uscope.Under all scenarios,irrigation flow rates were comparable in all scopes.

Analysis of the effect of holmium laser flexible ureteroscopic intrapelvic drainage in the treatment of parapelvic renal cysts

Objective:To explore the efficacy,safety,and feasibility of holmium laser flexible ureteroscopic intrapelvic drainage in the treatment of parapelvic renal cysts.Methods:From September 2012 to February 2019,a total of 18 patients,aged from 28 to 62(meanstandard deviation[SD]:46.50±9.14)years,were diagnosed with parapelvic renal cysts and treated by holmium laser flexible ureteroscopic intrapelvic drainage.There were 10 males and eight females.All of the parapelvic renal cysts were unilateral,and two cases were complicated with pyelolithiasis.The diameters of the cysts ranged from 4.1 cm to 8.2 cm.Results:All the patients completed the operation successfully in one stage without conversion to open surgery;in two cases,it was difficult to find the cysts during the operation,and the localization was completed by B-ultrasound and percutaneous injection of methylene blue.The mean operative time was 33.89(SD:9.68;range:22-54)min,and the mean hospitalization time was 2.67(SD:0.91;range:2-5)days.Three months and 6 months of follow-up were performed after surgery.The cysts disappeared in 13(72%)cases,and the diameter of the cysts in five(28%)cases decreased by more than 50%.Conclusion:Holmium laser flexible ureteroscopic intrapelvic drainage in the treatment of parapelvic renal cysts is simple,safe,and effective,and can be used as the first choice for the treatment of parapelvic renal cysts.

Holmium Laser Ureteroscopy in the Treatment of the Upper Urinary Tract Stones: Concerning 54 Cases in the Surgical Department of the Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)

The treatment of urinary stones uses a varied therapeutic arsenal. Nowadays the mini-invasive techniques are the most used. We report our first experience on the results of flexible and semi-rigid ureteroscopy in the treatment of the upper urinary tract stones. Materials and Methods: A 20-month prospective study on flexible laser ureteroscopy was conducted at the Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou. The inclusion criteria were for patients who had given informed consent and the presence of an unilateral obstructive upper urinary tract stone with an indication of surgical management. Results: 54 patients were treated with Holmium laser photo vaporization between January 2018 and August 2019. The average age of patients was 37.74 ± 17 years (11 - 83 years). The men were predominant at 55.56%, or a sex-ratio of 1.25. The average size of stones of 17.55 mm ± 4.16 mm (11 mm to 25 mm) with pyelic, ureteral and calyceal localization in respectively 42.6%, 33.3% and 24.1% of cases. The average duration of the interventions was 77.92 ± 43.57 minutes (11 to 180 minutes). We used drainage in 90.91% of the cases. The average duration of hospitalization was 1.2 ± 0.73 days with extremes ranging from one day to 6 days. The vaporization without residual fragment which is a success was 78.46%. Conclusion: Laser ureteroscopy is a newly used method at the Saint Camille hospital. The achievement of good results and its low morbidity encourage us to promote its extension and its use in sub-Saharan African hospitals.

输尿管软镜与微通道经皮肾镜碎石术治疗老年患者2.0~3.0 cm非下盏肾结石的疗效比较

目的探讨一次性电子输尿管软镜治疗老年患者2.0~3.0 cm非下盏肾结石的疗效和安全性。方法2021年1月~2022年12月我院78例老年患者2.0~3.0 cm非下盏肾结石,按照术式分为FURL组[一次性电子输尿管软镜碎石术(flexible ureteroscope lithotripsy,FURL)42例]和MPCNL组[微通道经皮肾镜碎石术(minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy,MPCNL)36例],比较2组手术时间、碎石时间、术后血红蛋白下降值、术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)、住院时间、术后1周和4周结石清除率(stone free rate,SFR)、二次治疗率和并发症发生率等。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术。FURL组血红蛋白下降值(4.4±1.6)g/L,显著低于MPCNL组(24.7±4.6)g/L(t=-25.342,P=0.000);FURL组术后疼痛VAS评分(1.6±0.4)分,显著低于MPCNL组(5.6±0.9)分(t=-25.642,P=0.000);FURL组碎石时间(82.5±10.2)min,明显长于MPCNL组(53.8±8.4)min(t=13.437,P=0.000);FURL组手术时间(98.3±12.5)min,与MPCNL组(96.7±11.8)min比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.555,P=0,581);FURL组住院时间(3.5±1.5)d,显著短于MPCNL组住院时间(8.6±1.7)d(t=-13.947,P=0.000)。FURL组并发症发生率26.2%(11/42),与MPCNL组27.8%(10/36)差异无显著性(χ^(2)=0.025,P=0.875)。FURL组二次治疗率19.0%(8/42),与MPCNL组11.1%(4/36)差异无显著性(χ^(2)=0.938,P=0.333)。FURL组术后1周SFR 54.8%(23/42),明显低于MPCNL组86.1%(31/36)(χ^(2)=8.943,P=0.003);FURL组术后4周SFR 90.5%(38/42),与MPCNL组91.7%(33/36)差异无显著性(χ^(2)=0.000,P=1.000)。结论一次性电子输尿管软镜治疗老年患者2.0~3.0 cm非下盏肾结石效果显著,具有创伤小、恢复快、出血少、并发症发生率低、住院时间短等优势,值得在临床上推广应用。

国产一次性电子输尿管软镜联合负压吸引鞘治疗单侧重复肾重复输尿管畸形合并上尿路结石的疗效分析

目的:探讨国产一次性电子输尿管软镜联合负压吸引鞘治疗单侧重复肾重复输尿管畸形合并上尿路结石的有效性及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2018年5月至2023年9月武汉大学人民医院泌尿外科收治的17例单侧重复肾重复输尿管畸形合并上尿路结石的患者资料,该17例患者均采用输尿管软镜联合负压吸引鞘治疗上尿路结石。分析其结石分布、结石大小、手术时间、术中术后并发症、术后住院时间、结石清除率等,并随访患者的术后情况。结果:所有17例患者手术顺利,手术时间27~65 min,平均(43.4±6.7)min,术中术后均未出现输尿管撕裂、穿孔、感染性休克等严重并发症。术后1~3个月复查腹部平片(kidney ureter bladder,KUB)或泌尿系计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT),15例患者结石清除,结石清除率15/17(88.24%)。二期手术患者2例,二期手术结石清除率100%。结论:国产一次性电子输尿管软镜联合负压吸引鞘治疗单侧重复肾重复输尿管畸形合并上尿路结石,结石清除率高,手术并发症少,具有良好的有效性及安全性。

伴上尿路结石的尿源性脓毒血症患者引流后早期或晚期行智能控压软镜碎石术的有效性和安全性

目的比较伴上尿路结石的尿源性脓毒血症患者引流后早期或晚期行智能控压软镜碎石术治疗的安全性和有效性。方法回顾性分析2022年5月—2023年5月于南通大学附属医院泌尿外科行智能控压软镜碎石术治疗的59例伴上尿路结石的尿源性脓毒血症患者的临床资料,根据一期引流减压至二期碎石治疗间隔时间分为早期碎石(≤1周)组(n=27)与晚期碎石(>1周)组(n=32),比较两组患者的基线资料、影像学资料、术中及术后资料。结果两组患者在结石清除率、总并发症发生率、高级别并发症发生率、碎石治疗后的住院时间、碎石治疗后的住院费用和总住院治疗费用方面比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论采用智能控压软镜碎石术早期碎石(≤1周)和晚期碎石(>1周)治疗尿源性脓毒血症引流后的患者均安全有效。

输尿管硬镜联合软镜碎石取石术治疗老年输尿管结石的临床效果及术后发生全身炎症反应综合征的危险因素

目的探讨输尿管硬镜联合输尿管软镜碎石取石术(FURL)治疗老年输尿管结石(UC)的临床效果及术后全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)发生的危险因素。方法选取2018年1月至2022年12月在郑州市第三人民医院接受治疗的老年UC患者共计200例,以随机数字表法分为研究组(n=100)与对照组(n=100),对照组采用半硬性输尿管镜治疗,研究组采用输尿管硬镜联合FURL治疗,对两组一期清石率、围手术期指标及排尿功能进行比较,并统计术后SIRS发生情况,进行单因素分析与多因素Logistic回归分析以明确术后SIRS发生的危险因素。结果研究组一期清石率较对照组更高,术中出血量更少,血尿持续时间更短,但手术时间、住院时间更长,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与术后1个月相比,两组术后3个月最大尿流量(Qmax)增加,国际前列腺症状评分量表(IPSS)评分下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且研究组术后1个月、3个月的Qmax较对照组更高,IPSS评分更低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);100例患者中,10例发生SIRS,发生率为10.00%;发生组术前白细胞计数(WBC)≥10×10~9/L、术前因结石发热、术中尿液浑浊与脓苔的患者比例较未发生组更高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,术前因结石发热(OR=4.213)、术前WBC≥10×10~9/L(OR=2.122)、术中尿液浑浊与脓苔(OR=3.616)是输尿管硬镜联合FURL术后SIRS发生的独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论输尿管硬镜联合FURL应用于老年UC患者中,能够促进一期清石率提高及术中出血量减少,缩短血尿持续时间,提高排尿功能,但会延长手术时间、住院时间;术前WBC≥10×10~9/L、术前因结石发热、术中尿液浑浊与脓苔均为术后SIRS发生的危险因素。

结石细菌培养在控制逆行软性输尿管镜激光碎石术后感染性并发症中的作用

目的评估术前中段尿、肾盂尿及结石细菌培养在控制逆行软性输尿管镜激光碎石术(FURL)后感染性并发症中的作用及价值。方法回顾性收集2021年11月至2023年5月在石河子大学第一附属医院和华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院行FURL的326例肾结石患者的临床资料,收集患者术前中段尿、术中肾盂尿及结石标本进行细菌培养。根据术后感染发生情况将患者分为非感染组和感染组,记录患者围手术期细菌培养及药物敏感性试验结果、感染指标及抗生素使用等情况,分析患者发生感染性并发症的相关危险因素。结果326例患者术后有38例(11.66%)发生了全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS),15例(4.60%)发展为严重脓毒血症。术前中段尿、肾盂尿及结石细菌培养的阳性率分别为16.87%(55/326)、10.43%(34/326)和15.95%(52/326)。单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析显示结石大小(P=0.010)、手术时间(P=0.030)和结石细菌培养(P<0.01)是术后发生SIRS的独立危险因素。结石细菌培养阳性是术后发生严重脓毒血症的独立危险因素(P=0.047)。大肠埃希菌是3种标本中检出阳性率最高的细菌,结石来源大肠埃希菌对氨基糖苷类及β内酰胺酶类抗生素耐药比例较高。结论结石细菌培养阳性是FURL术后发生感染性并发症的独立危险因素,结石细菌培养有助于指导FURL术后抗菌药物的使用,建议针对FURL术后感染高危人群进行结石细菌培养及药敏试验。

三种输尿管软镜鞘联合输尿管软镜治疗肾结石的效果

目的:探讨对比三种输尿管软镜鞘联合输尿管软镜治疗肾结石的效果。方法:选取2022年1月—2023年11月九江市第一人民医院收治的90例肾结石患者,按随机数字表法分为A组、B组、C组,各30例。A组采用输尿管软镜和普通输尿管软镜鞘钬激光碎石术治疗,B组采用输尿管软镜和负压吸引鞘钬激光碎石术治疗,C组采用输尿管软镜和可弯曲负压吸引鞘钬激光碎石术治疗。比较三组手术相关指标、感染指标、肾功能指标、结石清除率及不良反应发生率。结果:C组手术时间短于A组、B组,术中出血量少于A组、B组,且B组手术时间短于A组,术中出血量少于A组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组术后肾盂输尿管损伤率比较,A组最高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后2 h,三组白细胞、降钙素原水平均高于术前,但C组均低于A组、B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1 d,C组尿素氮、肌酐水平均低于A组、B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1 d,三组结石清除率比较,C组最高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。C组不良反应总发生率低于A组、B组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:相比普通输尿管软镜鞘和负压吸引鞘,可弯曲负压吸引鞘钬激光碎石术治疗肾结石的效果更好,可缩短手术时间,提高结石清除率,减轻炎症反应,对肾盂输尿管及肾脏功能损伤更小,且术后不良反应发生率更低。

可弯曲负压鞘联合软镜治疗≤3 cm上尿路结石的临床研究

目的:比较可弯曲负压鞘与负压直鞘、普通直鞘联合输尿管软镜在≤3 cm上尿路结石治疗中的临床疗效与安全性。方法:回顾性分析2022年1月至2023年9月重庆医科大学附属第一医院及重庆市綦江区人民医院接受输尿管软镜钬激光碎石取石术的128例上尿路结石患者的临床资料,因使用输送鞘不同,将病例分为可弯曲负压鞘组(组1,n=61);负压直鞘组(组2,n=31);普通直鞘组(组3,n=36),普通直鞘组、负压直鞘组统称传统鞘组。比较3组患者基线数据和围手术期指标。结果:3组患者一般资料,包括:性别、年龄、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、结石直径、结石类型及方位、术前是否留置输尿管支架、术前感染指标以及住院时间和术后血红蛋白下降值比较,差异均无统计学意义。结石直径≤3 cm,可弯曲鞘组清石率最高(91.80%vs.80.65%vs.72.22%),与普通直鞘组相比差异有统计学意义(91.80%vs.72.22%;χ^(2)=4.155,P=0.012);且其净石率最高,与传统鞘组相比差异有统计学意义(73.77%vs.41.94%vs.33.33%;χ^(2)=17.486,P<0.001)。当结石分层直径大于2 cm时,可弯曲负压鞘组比传统鞘组净石率高,差异有统计学意义(72.55%vs.36%vs.23.08%;χ^(2)=19.645,P<0.001)。当结石直径为<2 cm时,可弯曲鞘组的清石率(90.00%vs.83.33%vs.90.00%;χ^(2)=0.193,P>0.908)和净石率(80.00%vs.66.67%vs.60.00%;χ^(2)=0.963,P>0.618)较传统鞘组稍高,差异无统计学意义。可弯鞘组的手术时间更长、住院总费用更低、并发症发生率更低。结论:可弯曲负压鞘可带来更高的即刻清石率、净石率以及更低的术后感染风险,同时减少了取石网篮的使用,节约了住院费用。与传统鞘相比在治疗≤3 cm上尿路结石有更高的有效性及安全性,值得推广应用。

局麻下可弯曲负压鞘联合输尿管软镜治疗≥3 cm肾结石的有效性和安全性研究

目的:探讨局部麻醉下可弯曲负压鞘联合输尿管软镜治疗3.0 cm以上大负荷肾结石的有效性和安全性。方法:回顾性分析2023年1月至2023年12月于重庆医科大学附属第一医院泌尿外科局麻下完成的输尿管软镜钬激光碎石治疗的3.0 cm以上肾结石患者的临床资料,并分为可弯鞘组和传统鞘组,收集其一般资料,对比2组在围术期指标、术后并发症、手术效果等相关指标的差异。结果:共96例患者纳入研究,其中可弯曲鞘组44例,传统鞘组52例,2组患者的年龄、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、结石负荷等一般资料2组间比较差异无统计学意义,可弯鞘组术后清石率(72.73%)明显高于传统鞘组(46.15%),P<0.05,而并发症发生率,如发热(2.27%)、石街形成(2.27%)明显低于传统鞘组(23.08%/17.31%),P<0.05,单次手术时间可弯鞘组[(126.20±21.45)min]与传统鞘组[(116.71±27.39)min]比较差异无统计学意义。结论:局麻下可弯曲负压鞘联合输尿管软镜治疗≥3 cm肾结石安全、有效,值得推广和应用。

输尿管软镜与硬镜下钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石患者的效果比较

目的:比较输尿管软镜与硬镜下钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石患者的效果。方法:回顾性分析2021年7月至2023年2月该院收治的188例复杂性输尿管上段结石患者的临床资料,根据手术方法不同将其分为软镜组(n=94)和硬镜组(n=94)。软镜组给予输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗,硬镜组予以输尿管硬镜下钬激光碎石术治疗。比较两组围术期指标水平,手术前后氧化应激指标[皮质醇(Cor)、肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)]水平,以及并发症发生率。结果:软镜组手术时间、住院时间均短于硬镜组,术中出血量少于硬镜组,碎石成功率高于硬镜组,结石上移率低于硬镜组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3 d,两组E、NE、Cor水平均高于术前,但软镜组低于硬镜组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);软镜组并发症发生率为4.26%(4/94),低于硬镜组的12.77%(12/94),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石术治疗复杂性输尿管上段结石患者可提高碎石成功率,改善围术期指标水平,减轻机体氧化应激反应,降低结石上移率和并发症发生率,效果优于输尿管硬镜下钬激光碎石术治疗。

输尿管软镜联合柔性可弯曲输尿管导引鞘在肾结石患者中的应用

目的探讨输尿管软镜联合柔性可弯曲输尿管导引鞘在肾结石患者中的应用价值。方法选择2022年1月至12月赣南医学院第三附属医院收治的40例肾结石患者作研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组各20例。两组均行输尿管软镜碎石术,对照组采用非可弯曲输尿管导引鞘,观察组采用柔性可弯曲输尿管导引鞘。比较两组的结石清除率、手术指标、疼痛程度、负性情绪、生活质量、并发症发生率。结果观察组术后1d及术后1个月的结石清除率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的手术时间短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术前,两组患者的疼痛程度、负性情绪、生活质量评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术后3d的疼痛视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分低于对照组,术后1个月的抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分低于对照组,术后1个月的世界卫生组织生活质量测定量表简表(WHOQOL-BREF)中社会关系、生理健康、心理健康、周围环境维度评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组的并发症总发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论输尿管软镜联合柔性可弯曲输尿管导引鞘较非可弯曲输尿管导引鞘在缩短手术时间、减少术中出血量等方面优势明显,利于提高结石清除率,降低并发症发生风险,减轻患者疼痛、负性情绪,改善生活质量。