Congenital fiber-type disproportion presenting with type II respiratory failure after delivery:A case report

BACKGROUND Congenital fiber-type disproportion(CFTD)is a form of congenital myopathy.CFTD is rare,especially when presenting in patients with critical illnesses.Here,we report a case of CFTD presenting with type II respiratory failure after delivery and provide a review of the literature on CFTD.CASE SUMMARY A 30-year-old woman was admitted to the obstetrics department of our hospital with premature rupture of the fetal membrane and with 7 h of regular contractions.After delivery,the patient experienced a refractory type II respiratory failure.Physical examination along with diagnostic procedures such as electromyography and biopsy confirmed CFTD.Use of invasive ventilator followed by intermittent use of noninvasive ventilator attenuated her symptoms.The patient recovered after ventilator-assisted respiration and was weaned off the noninvasive ventilator on the seventh day postpartum.CONCLUSION Congenital myopathy should be considered a differential diagnosis for type II respiratory failures that cannot be attributed to other diseases.

Disproportionation Reactions of HIO and NaIO in Static and Dynamic Systems

The paper refers to disproportionation of HIO and NaIO in aqueous media, in static and dynamic systems. The results of calculations, realized according to GATES/GEB principles, with use of an iterative computer program, are presented graphically. An example of the computer program with all physicochemical knowledge involved in the related algorithm is attached herewith.

Disproportionation of Toluene by Modified ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalysts with High Shape-selectivity Prepared Using Chemical Liquid Deposition with Tetraethyl Orthosilicate

为甲苯的 disproportionation 的形状选择的催化剂被塑造柱体的 ZSM-5 沸石 extrudates 的修正与 TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate ) 与化学液体免职准备。为准备催化剂的各种各样的参数被改变调查合适的条件。产生催化剂在一个迫使的固定的床反应堆被测试并且由 SEM (扫描电子显微镜学) 描绘了。甲苯和帕拉二甲苯选择的变换被免职代理人，酸和溶剂的 ZSM-5 沸石，类型和数量的 /n (Al2O3 ) 比率使用了的 n (SiO2 ) 显著地影响，并且免职处理的时间和周期。当免职数量是低的时， TEOS 被证明比常规 polysiloxanes 是一个更有效的代理人。以合适的条件准备的催化剂与 25.6% 的可观的高变换展出了 91.1% 的一种高帕拉二甲苯选择。SEM 分析在 ZSM-5 zeolie 晶体的外部表面上证实了非结晶的硅石的层的形成，它为高度提高的形状选择负责。

Kinetic Model and Simulation Analysis for Toluene Disproportionation and C9-Aromatics Transalkylation

A new kinetic model for commercial unit of toluene disproportionation and C9-armatiocs transalkylation is developed based on the reported reaction scheme.A time based catalyst deactivation function taking weight hourly space velocity(WHSV)into account is incorporated into the model,which reasonably accounts for the loss in activity because of coke deposition on the surface of catalyst during long-term operation.The kinetic parameters are benchmarked with several sets of balanced plant data and estimated by the differential variable metric optimiza- tion method.Sets of plant data at different operating conditions are applied to make sure validation of the model and the results show a good agreement between the model predictions and plant observations.The simulation analysis of key variables such as temperature and WHSV affecting process performance is discussed in detail,giv- ing the guidance to select suitable operating conditions.

Mechanically activated disproportionation of NdFeB alloy by ball milling in hydrogen

Mechanically activated disproportionation of Nd 12 Fe 82 B 6 alloy by ball milling in hydrogen atmosphere was experimentally investigated. The aspects of thermodynamics and kinetics for the mechanically activated disproportionation of the NdFeB alloy were discussed. Both the evolution of the disproportionation reaction and the corresponding microstructure change of the alloy during milling were characterized by X ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The results show that the matrix phase Nd 2Fe 14 B of the as cast Nd 12 Fe 82 B 6 alloy can be disproportionated into a mixture of Nd hydride (H 5Nd 2), FeB/Fe 2B, and α Fe, by ball milling under hydrogen pressure of 0.2 MPa. The as disproportionated phases are of the size about 20 nm, suggesting that ball milling in hydrogen is an effective route for low temperature disproportionation processing of the NdFeB alloy to ensure a full nano structured as disproportionated microstructure. This is the basis for synthesizing Nd 2Fe 14 B/ α Fe nano composites with magnetic exchange coupling effect by subsequent desorption recombination processing.

Theoretical Study of the AlCl Disproportionation Reaction Mechanism on the Al(100) Surface

The surface disproportionation reaction mechanism of aluminum subchloride on the aluminum (100) surfaces has been investigated by the plane-wave density functional theory (DFT).Three kinds of possible reaction mechanism of AlCl disproportionation reaction on the aluminum (100) surfaces have been taken into account.The structures of reactants and products have been optimized,transition states have been confirmed and activation energies have been calculated.The adsorption energy of reactants and desorption energy of products have been determined.All of these have been employed to confirm the reaction mechanism and the rate determining step of AlCl disproportionation reaction on the aluminum (100) surfaces.

Towards Single-component Molecular Conductor[Ni(dmit)2]by Charge Disproportionation:2[Ni(dmit)2]^0.5→[Ni(dmit)2]+[Ni(dmit)2]^-

A new method of synthesizing single-component molecular conductor [Ni(dmit)2] by the reaction 2(Me4N)[Ni(dmit)2]2 [Ni(dmit)2] + (Me4N)[Ni(dmit)2] is reported. [Ni(dmit)2] exhibits a semiconductive behavior above 167 K, while from 167 K down to the measuring limit of 60 K, it exhibits metallic conductivity.

Disproportionation of ethylbenzene in the presence of C_8 aromatics

The selective synthesis of p-diethylbenzene(p-DEB) by disproportionation of ethylbenzene(EB) in the presence of aromatics like m-and p-xylene isomers has been studied over a pore size regulated HZSM-5 catalyst.The industrial feed having different compositions of ethylbenzene and xylene isomers was used for the experimentation.Hence,they were expected to hinder the movement of reactant molecules both on the external surface and within the zeolite channels.It was observed that irrespective of the different feed compositions the concentration of the xylene isomers was intact in the product.There is no other byproducts formation like para-ethylmethyl benzene.The effects of varying the concentration of aromatic compounds in the feed on ethylbenzene conversion and product distribution over the parent and modified H-ZSM-5 catalyst have been discussed.Ethylbenzene disproportionation reaction follows the pseudo first order reaction with an activation energy of 8.6 kcal/mol.

Metal-to-insulator transitions in 3d-band correlated oxides containing Fe compositions

Metal-to-insulator transitions (MITs),which are achieved in 3d-band correlated transitional metal oxides,trigger abrupt variations in electrical,optical,and/or magnetic properties beyond those of conventional semiconductors.Among such material families,iron(Fe:3d^(6)4s^(2))-containing oxides pique interest owing to their widely tunable MIT properties,which are associated with the various valence states of Fe.Their potential electronic applications also show promise,given the large abundance of Fe on Earth.Representative MIT properties triggered by critical temperature (TMIT) were reported for ReFe_(2)O_(4)(Fe^(2.5+)),ReBaFe_(2)O_(5)(Fe^(2.5+)),Fe_(3)O_(4)(Fe^(2.67+)),Re_(1/3)Sr_(2/3)FeO_(3)(Fe^(3.67+)),Re Cu_(3)Fe_(4)O_(12)(Fe^(3.75+)),and Ca_(1-x)Sr_(x)FeO_(3)(Fe^(4+))(where Re represents rare-earth elements).The common feature of MITs of these Fe-containing oxides is that they are usually accompanied by charge ordering transitions or disproportionation associated with the valence states of Fe.Herein,we review the material family of Fe-containing MIT oxides,their MIT functionalities,and their respective mechanisms.From the perspective of potentially correlated electronic applications,the tunability of the TMITand its resultant resistive change in Fe-containing oxides are summarized and further compared with those of other materials exhibiting MIT functionality.In particular,we highlight the abrupt MIT and wide tunability of TMITof Fe-containing quadruple perovskites,such as Re Cu3Fe4O12.However,their effective material synthesis still needs to be further explored to cater to potential applications.

基于FAERS数据库对奈拉替尼不良事件的分析研究

目的 通过对奈拉替尼的药品不良事件(ADE)信号进行挖掘分析,预警潜在的不良反应,为临床安全合理用药提供参考。方法 从美国食品和药品管理局不良事件报告系统(FAERS)提取2017年第3季度~2022年第3季度共21个季度的ADE报告,利用报告比值比(ROR)法和比例报告比值(PRR)法对奈拉替尼相关ADE报告进行数据筛选与分析。结果 从FAERS数据库中提取2017年第3季度~2022年第3季度共21个季度ADE报告,经数据去重和排除无法判断的ADE后,共提取到以奈拉替尼为首要怀疑药物的不良事件报告5098例次,包括627种ADE,涉及1611例患者。从已知数据来看女性(3.66%)多于男性(0.25%);年龄多分布于40~65岁(2.11%),但由于数据库中性别和年龄信息缺失的报告较多(>90%),仍需进一步研究验证。报告国家以美国报告例数最多,共报告1443例,占89.57%;报告者以药剂师为主,共报告554例,占34.39%;结局以严重ADE报告中的住院或住院时间延长为主,共报告319例,占19.80%。采用ROR法和PRR法进行筛选,对ADE逐一进行信号检测,最终挖掘出有效信号83个。在有信号的PT中,按照发生频次(a值)和ADE信号强度[95%置信区间(95%CI)]对前30位ADE分别进行排序。在阳性信号中,报告数较多的ADE为腹泻、恶心、疲乏、便秘、呕吐等,而相关性较高的ADE为蜂窝织炎、腹泻、厌食、腹胀、便秘、甲折断、叶酸缺乏等。参照各系统器官分类(SOC)下ADE总例数进行排序,排名前3位的分别为胃肠系统疾病(1989例次, 58.44%)、全身性疾病及给药部位各种反应(530例次, 15.57%)和代谢与营养类疾病(291例次, 8.55%);信号检测结果显示胃肠系统疾病(23个)信号数最多,其次为皮肤及皮下组织类疾病(10个)和良性、恶性及性质不明的肿瘤(包括囊状和息肉状)(8个)。对比奈拉替尼药品说明书,挖掘到未列入说明书ADE共56个。结论 临床使用奈拉替尼时应充分关注胃肠系统、全身性疾病和代谢与营养类疾病不良事件信号,密切监测患者的血液指标和肾脏功能,以确保患者用药的安全有效。

In-situ synthesis of nanocrystalline TiC powders, nanorods, and nanosheets in molten salt by disproportionation reaction of Ti(Ⅱ) species

A high-efficiency method is developed to in-situ synthesize nanocrystalline TiC powders,nanorods,and nanosheets by using equimolar ratio of Ti powder and acetylene black,multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs),and graphene,respectively,as precursor in eutectic Na Cl-KCl molten salt at 800–900℃for 2–3 h.Higher temperature and longer duration are more beneficial for TiC preparation.In addition,mechanism of TiC formation was investigated by linear scan voltammetry.Results indicate that nanocrystalline TiC is in-situ synthesized by reaction between Ti atoms,which come from disproportionation reaction of Ti(Ⅱ)species in the molten salt,and C atoms on the surface of carbon sources.

Mechanism of dichloromethane disproportionation over mesoporous TiO2 under low temperature

Mesoporous TiO2 was synthesized via nonhydrolytic template-mediated sol-gel route.Catalytic degradation performance upon dichloromethane over as-prepared mesoporous TiO2,pure anatase and rutile were investigated respectively.Disproportionation took place over as-made mesoporous TiO2 and pure anatase under the presence of water.The mechanism of disproportionation was studied by in situ FTIR.The interaction between chloromethoxy species and bridge coordinated methylenes was the key step of disproportionation.Formate species and methoxy groups would be formed and further turned into carbon monoxide and methyl chloride.Anatase(001)played an important role for disproportionation in that water could be dissociated into surface hydroxyl groups on such structure.As a result,the consumed hydroxyl groups would be replenished.In addition,there was another competitive oxidation route governed by free hydroxyl radicals.In this route,chloromethoxy groups would be oxidized into formate species by hydroxyl radicals transfering from the surface of TiO2.The latter route would be more favorable at higher temperature.

Electrochemical disproportionation strategy to in-situ fill cation vacancies with Ru single atoms

Supported single-atom catalysts(SACs)possess high catalytic activity,selectivity,and atom utilizations.However,the atom coordination environments of SACs are difficult to accurately regulate due to the high complexity of coordination site and local environment of support.Herein,we develop an in-situ electrochemical cation-exchange method to fill the cation vacancies in MnO_(2)with Ru single atoms(SAs).This obtained catalyst exhibits high mass activity,which is~44 times higher than commercial RuO2 catalyst and excellent stability,superior to the most state-of-the-art oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts.The experimental and theoretical results confirm that the doped Ru can induce charge density redistribution,resulting in the optimized binding of oxygen species,and the strong covalent interaction between Ru and MnO2 for resisting oxidation and corrosion.This work will provide a new concept in the synthesis of well-defined local environments of supported SAs.

基于FAERS数据库的奈玛特韦/利托那韦片不良事件信号挖掘与分析

目的基于美国食品药品监督管理局不良事件报告系统(FAERS)数据库,挖掘奈玛特韦/利托那韦片组合包装的可疑不良事件(ADE)信号,为临床安全使用奈玛特韦/利托那韦片提供参考。方法收集FAERS数据库2021年第4季度至2022年第4季度奈玛特韦/利托那韦片的ADE报告,采用报告比值比法(ROR)和比例报告比值比法(PRR)进行风险信号挖掘,并利用《监管活动医学词典》(MedDRA)中药物不良反应术语集的系统器官分类(SOC)和首选术语(PT)对ADE报告进行分类和描述。结果获得首要怀疑药物为奈玛特韦/利托那韦片的ADE报告26135例,涉及1859个ADE信号,上报人员多以患者(71.53%)为主,美国(80.91%)上报数量最多。经ROR法和PRR法计算分析得到阳性信号246个,涉及21个SOC。本研究中奈玛特韦/利托那韦片较为常见或相关性较高的ADE信号为腹泻、呕吐、味觉倒错、头晕和肌痛等,与奈玛特韦/利托那韦片药品说明书记载一致;还发现未列入药品说明书的新的潜在风险信号,包括苔舌、舌水疱、鼻充血、流涕、疾病复发、免疫抑制剂水平升高、抗凝药水平降低、产品给用持续时间有误、产品包装混淆和产品剂量混淆等。结论临床在应用奈玛特韦/利托那韦片时,除了关注药品说明书中已记载的ADE信号,还应严密关注药品说明书中未记载的新的潜在ADE信号,以保证患者用药的安全性。

氢源对甲苯歧化催化剂性能与装置效益的影响

甲苯歧化与烷基转移技术对劣质资源的利用及芳烃资源结构调整起着重要的作用,文章考察了氢源类型对HAT-199新型甲苯歧化与烷基转移催化剂反应性能及经济效益的影响。研究结果表明:将甲苯歧化与烷基转移单元的补充氢由管网氢更换至成乙烯氢,能有效提高催化剂反应性能,不仅能指导歧化装置性能和效益的调整,还可以为歧化催化剂使用过程中杂质的控制提供借鉴思路,同时可为装置带来明显的经济效益。

Pressure-driven symmetry breaking and electron disproportionation of the trigonal Nb_(3)cluster in Nb_(3)Cl_(8)

Symmetry breaking of metal cluster-based strongly correlated systems can give rise to collective phenomena.Here,the twodimensional Nb_(3) cluster compound Nb_(3)Cl_(8) is shown to suffer dramatic symmetry breaking and electron disproportionation under compression.A structural phase transition from trigonal P–3m1 to monoclinic C2/m is observed near 8 GPa with the three-fold symmetry breaking.Electron disproportionation occurs on Nb_(3) clusters from delocalized Nb^(8/3+)Nb^(8/3+)Nb^(8/3+)to localized Nb^(3+)Nb^(3+)Nb^(2+),which results in a subtle bandgap discontinuity,as evidenced by electrical transport and UV-Vis absorption measurements.

多晶硅生产中精馏工艺优化研究

近年来,市场经济结构的调整对多晶硅生产行业带来了一定的挑战。面对更加激烈的竞争环境,企业为了提高市场生存能力并保持竞争力,必须降低成本、提高效率,改善产品生产质量。文章通过对多晶硅生产工艺中原料提纯合成、精馏工艺、反歧化工艺、精馏除杂工艺进行深入研究和优化,旨在提高多晶硅的生产质量,为市场提供高品质的多晶硅产品。

Desorption–recombination behavior of as-disproportionated NdFeCoB compacts by reactive deformation

The disproportionated phases of Nd Hx, Fe2B,and a-Fe from Nd2Fe14B were applied to prepare Nd Fe B magnets by two different routes. The results show that the route of annealing in horizontal vacuum sintering furnace cannot reach the purpose of complete recombination after the hot pressing and hot deformation process due to the lack of dehydrogenation channel. The route of applying low pressure of 4–25 MPa on the as-disproportionated green compact during the desorption recombination process in situ hot deformation in a spark plasma sintering(SPS)system can obtain completely recombined Nd Fe B magnet with good anisotropy and magnetic properties. The maximum magnetic properties,(BH)max= 201 kJ m-3,Br= 1.142 T and Hcj= 469 k A m-1, are obtained after being treated for 15 min at 750 °C under low pressure.

Charge disproportionation induced exchange bias in La_(0.5)Ca_(0.5)FeO_(3-δ)

We observed an exchange bias effect in La0.5Ca0.5FeO3 perovskite compound.The exchange bias is associated with the charge disproportionation transition from Fe4+ions to Fe3+and Fe5+ions below 175 K.The competition between the ferromagnetic interaction of Fe3+and Fe5+ions and the antiferromagnetic one of Fe3+and Fe3+ions results in a unidirectional anisotropy in the cluster-glass system.An antiferromagnetically interfacial exchange coupling constant Ji1.95 meV at the cluster-glass region was yielded by fitting the cooling field-dependence of the exchange bias field.

Acceleration of disproportionation reactions of aryl alcohols in water medium by CO_2

Compressed CO2 could promote the disproportionation reactions of aryl alcohols in water medium significantly.The control experiments indicated that the effect of CO2 on the properties of the reactant/water emulsions was the main reason for the acceleration of the reactions rate.