A quantitative study of disruptive technology policy texts:An example of China’s artificial intelligence policy

Purpose:The transformative impact of disruptive technologies on the restructuring of the times has attracted widespread global attention.This study aims to analyze the characteristics and shortcomings of China’s artificial intelligence(AI)disruptive technology policy,and to put forward suggestions for optimizing China’s AI disruptive technology policy.Design/methodology/approach:Develop a three-dimensional analytical framework for“policy tools-policy actors-policy themes”and apply policy tools,social network analysis,and LDA topic model to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the utilization of policy tools,cooperative relationships among policy actors,and the trends in policy theme settings within China’s innovative AI technology policy.Findings:We find that the collaborative relationship among the policy actors of AI disruptive technology in China is insufficiently close.Marginal subjects exhibit low participation in the cooperation network and overly rely on central subjects,forming a“center-periphery”network structure.Policy tool usage is predominantly focused on supply and environmental types,with a severe inadequacy in demand-side policy tool utilization.Policy themes are diverse,encompassing topics such as“Intelligent Services”“Talent Cultivation”“Information Security”and“Technological Innovation”,which will remain focal points.Under the themes of“Intelligent Services”and“Intelligent Governance”,policy tool usage is relatively balanced,with close collaboration among policy entities.However,the theme of“AI Theoretical System”lacks a comprehensive understanding of tool usage and necessitates enhanced cooperation with other policy entities.Research limitations:The data sources and experimental scope are subject to certain limitations,potentially introducing biases and imperfections into the research results,necessitating further validation and refinement.Practical implications:The study introduces a three-dimensional analysis framework for disruptive technology policy texts,which is significant for formulating and enhancing disruptive technology policies.Originality/value:This study utilizes text mining and content analysis techniques to quantitatively analyze disruptive technology policy texts.It systematically evaluates China’s AI policies quantitatively,focusing on policy tools,policy actors,policy themes.The study uncovers the characteristics and deficiencies of current AI policies,offering recommendations for formulating and enhancing disruptive technology policies.

The Future of Environmental Engineering Technology:A Disruptive Innovation Perspective

Scientific and technological revolutions and industrial transformations have accelerated the rate of innovation in environmental engineering technologies.However,few researchers have evaluated the current status and future trends of technologies.This paper summarizes the current research status in eight major subfields of environmental engineering—water treatment,air pollution control,soil/solid waste management,environmental biotechnology,environmental engineering equipment,emerging contaminants,synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions,and environmental risk and intelligent management—based on bibliometric analysis and future trends in greenization,low carbonization,and intelligentization.Disruptive technologies are further identified based on discontinuous transformation,and ten such technologies are proposed,covering general and specific fields,technical links,and value sources.Additionally,the background and key innovations in disruptive technologies are elucidated in detail.This study not only provides a scientific basis for strategic decision-making,planning,and implementation in the environmental engineering field but also offers methodological guidance for the research and determination of breakthrough technologies in other areas.

The Need for Speed The rapidly growing express delivery service gets even faster with cutting-edge technology

The rapidly growing express delivery service gets even faster with cutting-edge technology.

Promotion and Application Prospects of Disruptive Technology in Future Development of Space Industry

Space is a high-tech field integrating materials, electronic information, manufacture, energy, medicine ana other disciplines. A number of disruptive technologies in various fields will have an important influence in areas such as space industry, scientific research on space and even military space. This article focuses on disruptive technologies exerting enormous influence in the space field based on the qualitative and quantitative research of disruptive technolo- gies. The research and application for disruptive space technology is expected to greatly improve the emciency of space system, significantly reducing research cost, and to promote a great improvement of space technology level,

Advancements in materials for hydrogen production:A review of cutting-edge technologies

Hydrogen,a clean and versatile energy carrier,has gained significant attention as a potential solution for addressing the challenges of climate change and energy sustainability.Efficient hydrogen production relies heavily on the development of advanced materials that enable cost-effective and sustainable methods.This review article presents a comprehensive overview of cutting-edge materials used for hydrogen production,covering both traditional and emerging technologies.This article begins by briefly introducing the importance of hydrogen as a clean energy carrier and various methods used for hydrogen production.This emphasizes the critical role of these materials in enabling efficient hydrogen generation.Traditional methods,such as steam methane reforming,coal gasification,biomass gasification,and water electrolysis,are discussed,highlighting the materials used and their advantages and limitations.This review then focuses on emerging technologies that have shown promise for achieving efficient hydrogen production.Photocatalytic water splitting is explored with an emphasis on recent advancements in semiconductor-based photocatalysts and nanostructured materials for enhanced photocatalysis.Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOEC)are examined,discussing high-temperature electrolysis materials and advancements in electrolytes and electrode materials.Biological hydrogen production and chemical looping are also discussed,highlighting the use of microorganisms,bioengineered systems,metal oxides as oxygen carriers,and catalysts for improved hydrogen generation.Advanced characterization techniques,including X-ray diffraction,spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Auger electron spectroscopy,thermogravimetric analysis,and differential scanning calorimetry,have been used to gain insight into the properties and performances of materials.This review concludes by addressing the challenges and prospects in the field of hydrogen production materials.This highlights the importance of the durability,stability,cost-effectiveness,scalability,and integration of materials into large-scale hydrogen pchiroduction systems.This article also discusses the emerging trends and potential breakthroughs that could shape the future of hydrogen production.

The AI Paradox: Mapping the Unintended Disruptions in IT and Beyond

In the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI), there exists a complex landscape where promises of efficiency and innovation clash with unforeseen disruptions across Information Technology (IT) and broader societal realms. This paper sets out on a journey to explore the intricate paradoxes inherent in AI, focusing on the unintended consequences that ripple through IT and beyond. Through a thorough examination of literature and analysis of related works, this study aims to shed light on the complexities surrounding the AI paradox. It delves into how this paradox appears in various domains, such as algorithmic biases, job displacement, ethical dilemmas, and privacy concerns. By mapping out these unintended disruptions, this research seeks to offer a nuanced understanding of the challenges brought forth by AI-driven transformations. Ultimately, its goal is to pave the way for the responsible development and deployment of AI, fostering a harmonious integration of technological progress with societal values and priorities.

Balancing resilience and efficiency in supply chains: Roles of disruptive technologies under Industry 4.0

In the Industry 4.0 era,disruptive technologies such as big data analytics,blockchain,Internet-of-Things,and additive manufacturing have become major forces driving supply chain transformation.Under such circumstances,particular attention should be attached to balancing resilience and efficiency of the supply chain,especially in the presence of more turbulence.In this study,we first summarize the conflicts between supply chain efficiency and supply chain resilience regarding practices and objectives.Then,we discuss the positive effects of disruptive technologies in improving resilience and efficiency.Afterwards,we propose a research agenda that covers both the influence mechanism and trade-off mechanism of these technologies in terms of resilience and efficiency.

Disruptive technologies for advancing supply chain resilience

Disruptive technologies provide a new paradigm for supply chain risk management and bring opportunities and challenges for the improvement of supply chain resilience(SCRes).This study summarizes the application cases of some disruptive technologies in the SCRes and analyzes the benefits and damages brought by disruptive technologies to the SCRes.The results show that disruptive technologies can provide the supply chain with flexibility,visibility,agility,and other capabilities at various stages of risk management.Hence,technology advancements greatly increase the level of the SCRes.Although disruptive technologies undermine the construction of SCRes,these damages can be eliminated through technology iteration or other disruptive technologies.Furthermore,disruptive technologies will provide better stability for the SCRes.The study also makes several suggestions for the use of disruptive technologies in the construction of the SCRes.

The music industry ＆ its consumers： A potential divorce through technology and shifting market linkages？

A large market exists of online users who desire online video and music content. However, recent developments have shown that some industries, such as music and videos are not fully utilising the market benefits that disruptive technologies can bring to organisations despite the change of value drivers. According to Christensen et al （2004）, and based on RPV theory, organisations may decide not to pursue disruptive innovative ideas for a variety of reasons, such as their values are set in another direction, processes do not support the new technology and resources may become under-utilised or even obsolete. Trying to pursue partly aggressive strategies, partly defence or avoidance strategies, it is suggested that the music industry has missed to reengineer its business so far. At the same time, music consumers have found various peer-to-peer models to execute their own avoidance strategies, i.e., avoiding to buy music but to share it. Various consumption platforms for music, such as, pandora, hulu or spotify, emerged, which themselves show significant innovative power. As scholars＇ research tested, innovation has two beams, technology and market linkages. While the technological part is inevitably developing further, the music industry erects legal barriers to bloc those sites by applying the presently unclear DRM, since the new ways of music consumption threaten their established ways of content distribution. At the same time, barriers are placed that those consumers being online specialists find ways to circumvent them. The proposition is that by the salient marketing concept of CRM such behaviour increases the pressure on incumbents since risking market linkages with their customers. This paper will contrast technology and market linkages, discussing how online innovations may alter the status quo of the music industry, especially its record business. Research provides evidence that technological implications are supporting a sustainable shift of consumers＇ behaviour and the ways, by which consumers are able to overcome the legal and technological barriers for accessing P2P sites despite industrial prevention. It is suggested that there is further significance this paper addresses, since what affects the music industry today, will likely have an impact on the movie, games, software and other industries in the near future： Disruption of existing resources, processes and values and threatening market linkages by redefined ways of content distribution.

颠覆性技术多元化投入的利益分配及激励机制

我国颠覆性创新多元化投入机制的平台支撑体系建设亟待完善,因此需深入研究适用于颠覆性技术多元化投入的利益分配以及政府补贴机制。其中,公平的利益分配和合理化的激励机制是促使颠覆性技术多元投入有效性的关键因素。因此,针对颠覆性技术多元化投入利益分配以及激励机制设计等问题,采取合作-非合作博弈分析颠覆性技术多元投入的各个参与主体行为,引入风险因子探讨不同主体主导下的情况,并进一步研究政府补贴对各主体投入积极性的影响,进而以明晰多元化投入的激励机制方案选择。研究发现:在颠覆性创新多元化投入的过程中会存在创新投入积极性不足的情况,这是由于各主体出于自身利益最大化考虑;由政府牵头时,整个颠覆性技术投入合作较由其他主体主导下的合作收益高;在政府主导下采取政府补贴形式,可以有效激励其他各个颠覆性创新投入主体的积极性。为此,促进颠覆性创新的投入多元化,政府要构建多元化投入机制,设计合理的利益分配机制与激励机制,并在参与合作时设定恰当的成本补贴额度。

颠覆性技术政策—技术路线图框架构建与实证分析--以中国新能源汽车产业为例

在传统技术路线图的基础上,构建面向颠覆性技术及其新兴产业发展的政策—技术路线图框架,提出防御型、培育型、赋能型3类政策工具在用户需求、市场、产品、技术、参与者5个维度上的作用机制及其顺序逻辑。在此基础上,以中国新能源汽车产业为例,综合采用案例分析和荟萃分析方法,验证该框架的解释力。研究结果表明:政策—技术路线图框架从社会—技术系统转型视角阐释各阶段政策工具与颠覆性技术及其新兴产业发展间的互动演进规律,并提出早期阶段应以防御工具为主,侧重支撑知识空间形成;成长阶段应以培育工具为主,侧重建立良好利基功能;转型阶段应以赋能工具为主,通过适应性和转换性手段促使新旧范式平稳转换。

跨界颠覆性创新的早期识别方法及实证检验

[研究目的]数字经济时代,越来越多的企业利用互联网技术开展跨界颠覆性创新。探讨跨界颠覆性创新的早期判断和识别方法,对于打破国外核心技术封锁,抢占科技制高点具有重大意义。[研究方法]根据跨界颠覆性创新的演进特点,从技术和市场两个方面提出识别跨界颠覆性创新的理论框架:首先,基于专利文本,利用LDA主题模型提取跨界技术主题;其次,从成长性、融合性、影响力和引用行业外新知识等四个特征考察技术主题跨界颠覆的技术潜力;最后,基于专利、用户和专家评论数据,借助LDA主题模型与情感分析方法,从易扩散性、需求贴合度与市场吸引力趋势等特征考察技术主题跨界颠覆的市场潜力。[研究结论]以手机定位与导航技术为例,通过考察其跨界颠覆的技术潜力特征和市场潜力特征,验证了跨界颠覆性技术早期识别方法的可用性与有效性,为企业跨界颠覆性创新实践提供借鉴。

百年变局下建设教育强国的时代背景、挑战与选择

当下正处于百年未有之大变局。从宏观角度看,世界正进入政治经济重塑期,教育对提升生产力水平、推动人类文明走出生产力停滞期至关重要。目前的逆全球化进程已经引发了全球深层次矛盾爆发,同时,颠覆性技术与产业变革在加速重塑全球政治经济新格局时,也正在对全球产业链和价值链进行着解构与重塑。在政治介入与技术力量纠缠并产生叠加影响的背景下,在建设教育强国进程中,中国将主要面对美西方的教育“分级脱钩”、颠覆性技术壁垒、人工智能生态重塑等多方面的影响和挑战。唯有以中国式现代化之内在要求,以建设人类命运共同体之目标,才能在教育范式革命和教育“自创生”中建设和实现教育强国。

颠覆性技术创新治理研究与启示——以英国高级研究与发明局建设模式为例

为巩固全球科学超级大国地位,2022年以来英国陆续出台相关法律和政策,支持成立英国高级研究与发明局,并将其作为法定机构进行治理。本文首先通过分析ARIA相关的法律内容与政策举措,梳理其最新进展;随后分析了ARIA与美国国防高级研究计划局、英国研究与创新署的区别;最后提出了探索成立法定机构来支持颠覆性技术发展和强化创新主体非常规科技创新活动治理能力等建议。

颠覆性技术识别与扩散趋势预测:概念模型与实证分析

发现并判断技术颠覆性潜力和扩散趋势,能够为国家和政府科技资源分配与未来产业的超前布局提供精准决策依据。首先,本文构建了颠覆性技术识别与扩散趋势预测的概念模型;其次,依据此模型以3D打印领域为例,从离群性和影响力维度识别颠覆性专利,提取颠覆性技术;最后,基于识别的颠覆性专利的施引专利,将自动标签和战略坐标应用于技术主题扩散路径绘制中,提出一种新的多位态自动标签技术主题扩散趋势预测方法,用于揭示核心、边缘、成熟、新兴等位态主题之间的动态扩散关系。研究发现,离群专利与颠覆性技术之间存在共生、匹配和关联的内在逻辑关系,从离群专利视角识别颠覆性技术具有可行性;1955—2017年,3D打印领域的颠覆性技术主要分布在高端装备制造、生物医药和材料3大方向,突出的技术领域是运输、发动机/泵/涡轮机、生物材料分析、半导体、环境技术;多位态自动标签技术主题扩散趋势预测结果显示,生物医疗3D打印技术主题未来发展潜力巨大。

中国专利奖视角下的颠覆性技术识别分析

为充分利用专利结构化数据和文本数据,实现准确有效的颠覆性技术识别,以中国专利奖为切入点,提出基于图神经网络的颠覆性技术识别框架。首先以获得中国专利奖的授权发明专利定义颠覆性技术,解决技术定义难的问题;接着使用Neo4j图数据库构建异质有向图,存储专利多重关系数据和方向信息,解决关系数据利用率低的问题;最后使用关系图卷积神经网络(R-GCN)模型进行训练,实现颠覆性技术识别,解决识别效果不佳的问题。研究表明以获得中国专利奖的专利技术直接定义颠覆性技术是合理且可靠的;提出的颠覆性技术识别框架能充分利用专利数据信息和专利异质有向图中空间信息,识别出绝大部分的颠覆性技术,丰富了图神经网络在颠覆性技术识别方面的研究。

以数字经济为依托推动新质生产力发展的路径研究

在当前全球化和信息技术快速发展的背景下,新质生产力成为推动经济社会高质量发展的关键力量。新质生产力是由原创性颠覆性创新培育而成的新的生产力。通过深入分析数字经济对新质生产力发展的影响,发现数字经济在提高信息流动效率、增强数据分析能力和促进技术创新等方面具有关键作用,提出以数字经济为依托推动新质生产力发展的多条路径,为企业利用数字技术和数据资源加速自身转型升级提供了实际指导。

基于颠覆性技术创新项目评价及立项决策模型的研究

为实现我国颠覆性技术创新项目的精准遴选,促进颠覆性创新产业的培育发展,在分析梳理国内外关于颠覆性技术创新项目遴选、立项决策管理方面研究的基础上,分析对比颠覆性技术创新项目与一般科技计划项目的特征属性差异,借鉴海尔迈耶问题的做法,结合当前政策导向,针对颠覆性技术具有隐蔽性、破坏性、不确定性的特征属性,提出相应的项目遴选角度和评审标准的思路,并利用层次分析法构建颠覆性技术创新项目立项评价的三级指标体系。从项目影响力、项目可能性两方面构建颠覆性技术创新项目的决策矩阵模型,为颠覆性创新项目立项决策提供判断依据。

基于专利和微博的颠覆性技术主题识别研究——以人工智能领域为例

颠覆性技术被广泛认为是后发企业抢占市场先机的最佳赛道。如何把握颠覆性技术未来发展主题及方向?围绕这一关键问题,本文基于颠覆性技术的创新性、扩散性、转轨性、提升性及替代性等特征,从专利和微博视角切入,构建颠覆性技术主题识别模型,并以人工智能领域为研究对象,验证所提模型的可行性和有效性。进一步地,分析出人工智能领域中的自然语言处理、机器学习、类脑智能、智能机器人与虚拟现实是未来颠覆性技术发展的重要主题。本文研究结论丰富既有颠覆性技术创新理论体系,可为企业制定和调整技术创新战略和方向提供借鉴。

以颠覆性科技创新赋能农业新质生产力发展研究

颠覆性科技创新是促进农业新质生产力发展、引领农业现代化变革的重要动力。在大国小农国情下,颠覆性科技创新及其成果转化隐含着小农家庭经营格局同颠覆性科技创新的规模化应用场景要求间的矛盾、农业的民生保障功能同颠覆性科技创新高投入要求的高回报间的矛盾、食物等消费需求的变动性特征与颠覆性科技创新长周期研发间的矛盾、劳动力非农转移同颠覆性科技创新应用要求的高素质劳动力间的矛盾。为此,现阶段颠覆性科技创新及其成果在农业领域的应用应立足稳基础、保需求、增绿色、强韧性的目标定位,聚焦种业创新、合成生物、生物质工程、智能农机和智慧农业五大方向。同时,应着力健全农业生产经营体系,完善农业科技创新机制,创新农业产业发展模式并培育高素质生产经营主体,为农业新质生产力发展注入新动能。