Disruptive innovation may be a fatal threat to industrial clusters, or it may be a major development opportunity. The key lies in how industrial clusters respond to disruptive innovation. The main obstacles to the dev...Disruptive innovation may be a fatal threat to industrial clusters, or it may be a major development opportunity. The key lies in how industrial clusters respond to disruptive innovation. The main obstacles to the development of disruptive innovation in industrial clusters are lock-in and cluster inertia, which originate from the negative effects of cluster system isomorphism. In order to break through the development barriers, industrial clusters need to adopt a targeted overall response strategy, including adopting bottom-up local subversive innovation policies, introducing external knowledge, encouraging spin-off entrepreneurial enterprises, and encouraging alliances and cooperation between incumbent enterprises and entrepreneurial enterprises, etc.展开更多
The unique composition of milk makes this basic foodstuff into an exceptional raw material for the production of new ingredients with desired properties and diverse applications in the food industry. The fractionation...The unique composition of milk makes this basic foodstuff into an exceptional raw material for the production of new ingredients with desired properties and diverse applications in the food industry. The fractionation of milk is the key in the development of those ingredients and products;hence continuous research and development on this field, especially various levels of fractionation and separation by filtration, have been carried out. This review focuses on the production of milk fractions as well as their particular properties, applications and processes that increase their exploitation. Whey proteins and caseins from the protein fraction are excellent emulsifiers and protein supplements. Besides, they can be chemically or enzymatically modified to obtain bioactive peptides with numerous functional and nutritional properties. In this context, valorization techniques of cheese-whey proteins, by-product of dairy industry that constitutes both economic and environmental problems, are being developed. Phospholipids from the milk fat fraction are powerful emulsifiers and also have exclusive nutraceutical properties. In addition, enzyme modification of milk phospholipids makes it possible to tailor emulsifiers with particular properties. However, several aspects remain to be overcome;those refer to a deeper understanding of the healthy, functional and nutritional properties of these new ingredients that might be barriers for its use and acceptability. Additionally, in this review, alternative applications of milk constituents in the non-food area such as in the manufacture of plastic materials and textile fibers are also introduced. The unmet needs, the cross-fertilization in between various protein domains,the carbon footprint requirements, the environmental necessities, the health and wellness new demand, etc., are dominant factors in the search for innovation approaches;these factors are also outlining the further innovation potential deriving from those “apparent” constrains obliging science and technology to take them into account.展开更多
Product innovation is often a process for improving existing products.Low-end disruptive innovation(LDI)enables a product to meet the most price-sensitive customers in the low-end market.The existing LDI methods are m...Product innovation is often a process for improving existing products.Low-end disruptive innovation(LDI)enables a product to meet the most price-sensitive customers in the low-end market.The existing LDI methods are mainly based on unnecessary characteristics of disruptive innovations.Thus,they cannot easily identify and respond to the LDI design needs.This study proposes a hybrid method for the product LDI in two levels of the product design based on the summarized definition and essential characteristics of LDI.Feasible areas of the product LDI are determined using a hybrid relational function model to identify the maturity of dominant technologies.The technologies are identified through the technical search and evaluation of the feasible area for innovation to form an initial LDI scheme.Then,the product function is optimized using the trimming concept of theory of inventive problem solving based on the characteristics of LDI.The final LDI scheme is formed and evaluated based on the essential characteristics of the product LDI.The feasibility of the proposed method is verified in the design of a new dropping pill machine.展开更多
The challenges of disruptive innovations have gained significant attention from both academics and practitioners,commercialization being one of the most critical phases.At the same time,however,it is the less studied ...The challenges of disruptive innovations have gained significant attention from both academics and practitioners,commercialization being one of the most critical phases.At the same time,however,it is the less studied area of disruptive innovation.Therefore,this article examined scholarly papers on the commercialization of disruptive innovations through a multidisciplinary systematic literature review.It resulted in the analysis of 64 high-quality peer-reviewed academic articles.The analysis highlighted the commercialization models and main constructs that are affecting the commercialization process:market orientation,market learning,user’s involvement,market configuration,adoption networks and stakeholders,and innovation transference.The study evidences how commercialization has evolved from a later stage in innovation to influence even the early phases of innovation,characterized in turn by exploration,learning and ecosystem creation activities.Additionally,the analysis led to a proposition that established an integrated commercialization model for high uncertainty innovations.The model has three phases:1)Concept/value proposition validation,2)Business model validation&Market creation,and 3)Creating sales in the majority market.Lastly,the article contributes to a better understanding of commercialization processes in high uncertainty innovations,bridging also the academic-practitioner divide.展开更多
跨界团队在企业等创新主体开展颠覆性创新活动中发挥重要作用,而运用机器学习方法识别其网络特征与颠覆性创新绩效之间殊途同归的组态路径是一个亟待解决的重要问题。本文基于Incopat专利检索平台无人机领域139999条专利数据,采用社区...跨界团队在企业等创新主体开展颠覆性创新活动中发挥重要作用,而运用机器学习方法识别其网络特征与颠覆性创新绩效之间殊途同归的组态路径是一个亟待解决的重要问题。本文基于Incopat专利检索平台无人机领域139999条专利数据,采用社区发现算法在专利发明人合作关系数据中识别185个跨界团队,依据社会网络理论遴选跨界团队网络特征变量,利用k-means聚类算法对跨界团队进行类型划分,并运用决策树CART(classification and regression trees)算法挖掘不同类型跨界团队网络特征对其颠覆性创新绩效的影响。研究结果表明,①跨界团队共有二元合作、类完全合作和复杂合作3种合作类型,不同跨界团队类型对颠覆性创新绩效影响具有差异性,即类完全合作团队高颠覆性创新绩效占比最高,二元合作团队高颠覆性创新绩效占比最低;②合作强度具有普适性,它是影响不同跨界团队形成不同水平颠覆性创新绩效的核心因素;③合作强度正向影响二元合作团队颠覆性创新绩效,类完全合作团队的颠覆性创新绩效受聚集系数、合作强度与团队规模的共同影响,而对于合作强度较高的复杂合作团队而言,保持较低的网络密度有利于其提升颠覆性创新绩效。展开更多
文摘Disruptive innovation may be a fatal threat to industrial clusters, or it may be a major development opportunity. The key lies in how industrial clusters respond to disruptive innovation. The main obstacles to the development of disruptive innovation in industrial clusters are lock-in and cluster inertia, which originate from the negative effects of cluster system isomorphism. In order to break through the development barriers, industrial clusters need to adopt a targeted overall response strategy, including adopting bottom-up local subversive innovation policies, introducing external knowledge, encouraging spin-off entrepreneurial enterprises, and encouraging alliances and cooperation between incumbent enterprises and entrepreneurial enterprises, etc.
文摘The unique composition of milk makes this basic foodstuff into an exceptional raw material for the production of new ingredients with desired properties and diverse applications in the food industry. The fractionation of milk is the key in the development of those ingredients and products;hence continuous research and development on this field, especially various levels of fractionation and separation by filtration, have been carried out. This review focuses on the production of milk fractions as well as their particular properties, applications and processes that increase their exploitation. Whey proteins and caseins from the protein fraction are excellent emulsifiers and protein supplements. Besides, they can be chemically or enzymatically modified to obtain bioactive peptides with numerous functional and nutritional properties. In this context, valorization techniques of cheese-whey proteins, by-product of dairy industry that constitutes both economic and environmental problems, are being developed. Phospholipids from the milk fat fraction are powerful emulsifiers and also have exclusive nutraceutical properties. In addition, enzyme modification of milk phospholipids makes it possible to tailor emulsifiers with particular properties. However, several aspects remain to be overcome;those refer to a deeper understanding of the healthy, functional and nutritional properties of these new ingredients that might be barriers for its use and acceptability. Additionally, in this review, alternative applications of milk constituents in the non-food area such as in the manufacture of plastic materials and textile fibers are also introduced. The unmet needs, the cross-fertilization in between various protein domains,the carbon footprint requirements, the environmental necessities, the health and wellness new demand, etc., are dominant factors in the search for innovation approaches;these factors are also outlining the further innovation potential deriving from those “apparent” constrains obliging science and technology to take them into account.
基金This research was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51675159 and 51805142)the Central Government Guides Local Science and Technology Development Project of China(Grant No.18241837G)the National Innovation Method Fund of China(Grant No.2017IM040100).
文摘Product innovation is often a process for improving existing products.Low-end disruptive innovation(LDI)enables a product to meet the most price-sensitive customers in the low-end market.The existing LDI methods are mainly based on unnecessary characteristics of disruptive innovations.Thus,they cannot easily identify and respond to the LDI design needs.This study proposes a hybrid method for the product LDI in two levels of the product design based on the summarized definition and essential characteristics of LDI.Feasible areas of the product LDI are determined using a hybrid relational function model to identify the maturity of dominant technologies.The technologies are identified through the technical search and evaluation of the feasible area for innovation to form an initial LDI scheme.Then,the product function is optimized using the trimming concept of theory of inventive problem solving based on the characteristics of LDI.The final LDI scheme is formed and evaluated based on the essential characteristics of the product LDI.The feasibility of the proposed method is verified in the design of a new dropping pill machine.
文摘The challenges of disruptive innovations have gained significant attention from both academics and practitioners,commercialization being one of the most critical phases.At the same time,however,it is the less studied area of disruptive innovation.Therefore,this article examined scholarly papers on the commercialization of disruptive innovations through a multidisciplinary systematic literature review.It resulted in the analysis of 64 high-quality peer-reviewed academic articles.The analysis highlighted the commercialization models and main constructs that are affecting the commercialization process:market orientation,market learning,user’s involvement,market configuration,adoption networks and stakeholders,and innovation transference.The study evidences how commercialization has evolved from a later stage in innovation to influence even the early phases of innovation,characterized in turn by exploration,learning and ecosystem creation activities.Additionally,the analysis led to a proposition that established an integrated commercialization model for high uncertainty innovations.The model has three phases:1)Concept/value proposition validation,2)Business model validation&Market creation,and 3)Creating sales in the majority market.Lastly,the article contributes to a better understanding of commercialization processes in high uncertainty innovations,bridging also the academic-practitioner divide.
文摘跨界团队在企业等创新主体开展颠覆性创新活动中发挥重要作用,而运用机器学习方法识别其网络特征与颠覆性创新绩效之间殊途同归的组态路径是一个亟待解决的重要问题。本文基于Incopat专利检索平台无人机领域139999条专利数据,采用社区发现算法在专利发明人合作关系数据中识别185个跨界团队,依据社会网络理论遴选跨界团队网络特征变量,利用k-means聚类算法对跨界团队进行类型划分,并运用决策树CART(classification and regression trees)算法挖掘不同类型跨界团队网络特征对其颠覆性创新绩效的影响。研究结果表明,①跨界团队共有二元合作、类完全合作和复杂合作3种合作类型,不同跨界团队类型对颠覆性创新绩效影响具有差异性,即类完全合作团队高颠覆性创新绩效占比最高,二元合作团队高颠覆性创新绩效占比最低;②合作强度具有普适性,它是影响不同跨界团队形成不同水平颠覆性创新绩效的核心因素;③合作强度正向影响二元合作团队颠覆性创新绩效,类完全合作团队的颠覆性创新绩效受聚集系数、合作强度与团队规模的共同影响,而对于合作强度较高的复杂合作团队而言,保持较低的网络密度有利于其提升颠覆性创新绩效。