Pickering emulsion transport in skeletal muscle tissue:A dissipative particle dynamics simulation approach

Lymph node targeting is a commonly used strategy for particulate vaccines,particularly for Pickering emulsions.However,extensive research on the internal delivery mechanisms of these emulsions,especially the complex intercellular interactions of deformable Pickering emulsions,has been surprisingly sparse.This gap in knowledge holds significant potential for enhancing vaccine efficacy.This study aims to address this by summarizing the process of lymph-node-targeting transport and introducing a dissipative particle dynamics simulation method to evaluate the dynamic processes within cell tissue.The transport of Pickering emulsions in skeletal muscle tissue is specifically investigated as a case study.Various factors impacting the transport process are explored,including local cellular tissue environmental factors and the properties of the Pickering emulsion itself.The simulation results primarily demonstrate that an increase in radial repulsive interaction between emulsion particles can decrease the transport efficiency.Additionally,larger intercellular gaps also diminish the transport efficiency of emulsion droplet particles due to the increased motion complexity within the intricate transport space compared to a single channel.This study sheds light on the nuanced interplay between engineered and biological systems influencing the transport dynamics of Pickering emulsions.Such insights hold valuable potential for optimizing transport processes in practical biomedical applications such as drug delivery.Importantly,the desired transport efficiency varies depending on the specific application.For instance,while a more rapid transport might be crucial for lymph-node-targeted drug delivery,certain applications requiring a slower release of active components could benefit from the reduced transport efficiency observed with increased particle repulsion or larger intercellular gaps.

Nonlinearly induced entanglement in dissipatively coupled optomechanical system

Nonlinearly induced steady-state photon–phonon entanglement of a dissipative coupled system is studied in the bistable regime. Quantum dynamical characteristics are analysed by solving the mean-field and fluctuation equations of the system. It is shown that dissipative coupling can induce bistable behaviour for the effective dissipation of the system.Under suitable parameters, one of the steady states significantly reduces the dissipative effect of the system. Consequently,a larger steady-state entanglement can be achieved compared to linear dynamics. Furthermore, the experimental feasibility of the parameters is analysed. Our results provide a new perspective for the implementation of steady-state optomechanical entanglement.

Deterministic remote preparation of multi-qubit equatorial states through dissipative channels

We investigate the influence of a noisy environment on the remote preparation of the multi-qubit equatorial state, and specifically deduce the final states and fidelities of the remote preparation of the three-qubit and four-qubit equatorial states under diverse types of noisy environments, namely, amplitude damping, bit flip, phase damping, phase flip, bit-phase flip,depolarization, and non-Markov environments. The results show that when the decoherence factors of the front six noises are equal, the influence degrees of phase damped noise, bit flip noise, phase flip noise, and bit-phase flip noise are similar,while the information loss caused by the amplitude damped noise and depolarizing noise is less. In particular, the bit flip noise and depolarizing noise may have more complex effects on the remote state preparation(RSP) schemes depending on the phase information of the target states, even for the ideal cases where the fidelity values are always 1 for specific phase relations. In the non-Markov environment, owing to the back and forth of information between the environment and systems, fidelities exhibit oscillating behavior and the minimum value may stay greater than zero for a long evolutionary time. These results are expected to have potential applications for understanding and avoiding the influence of noise on remote quantum communication and quantum networks.

A cladding-pumping based power-scaled noise-like and dissipative soliton pulse fiber laser

We report a high-average-power noise-like pulse(NLP) and dissipative soliton(DS) pulse fiber laser. Average power as high as 4.8 W could be obtained at the fundamental mode-locked repetition rate. The NLP can also be transformed into a more powerful DS mode-locking state by optimizing the polarization and losses of intra-cavity pulses in the nonlinear polarization evolution regime. The operation mode between the NLP and DS can be switched, and the laser output performance in both modes has been studied. The main advantage of this work is switchable high-power operation between the NLP and DS. In comparison with conventional single-mode NLP fiber lasers, the multi-function high-power optical source will greatly push its application in supercontinuum generation, coherence tomography, and industrial processing.

Corrigendum to “The transition from conservative to dissipative flows in class-B laser model with fold-Hopf bifurcation andcoexisting attractors”

Recently, we received a letter from Prof. G. L. Oppo, which indicated that he had doubts about the transformation of the system in the article Chin. Phys. B 31 060503 (2022) and gave other considerations. After inspection, we found that there was a clerical error in the article. Based on this, we have made corrections and supplements to the original article.

Dynamics of high-frequency modulated waves in a nonlinear dissipative continuous bi-inductance network

This paper presents intensive investigation of dynamics of high frequency nonlinear modulated excitations in a damped bimodal lattice. The effects of the dissipation are considered through a linear dissipation coefficient whose evolution in terms of the carrier wave frequency is checked. There appears that the dissipation coefficient increases with the carrier wave frequency. In the linear limit and for high frequency waves, study of the asymptotic behavior of plane waves reveals the existence of two additional regions in the dispersion curve where the modulational phenomenon is observed compared to the lossless line. Based on the multiple scales method exploited in the continuum approximation using an appropriate decoupling ansatz for the voltage of the two different cells, it appears that the motion of modulated waves is described by a dissipative complex Ginzburg–Landau equation instead of a Korteweg–de Vries equation. We also show that this amplitude wave equation admits envelope and hole solitons in the high frequency mode. From basic sources, we design a programmable electronic generator of complex signals with desired characteristics, which delivers signals exploited as input waves for all our numerical simulations. These simulations are performed in the LTspice software that uses realistic components and give the results that corroborate perfectly our analytical predictions.

ROBUST DISSIPATIVE CONTROL FOR STATE-DELAYED SYSTEMS WITH DISSIPATIVE UNCERTAINTY

This paper focused on a class of linear state-delayed systems with or without uncertainty. As for uncertain systems, dissipative uncertainty description contains norm-bounded and positive real uncertainties as special cases. The paper is concerned with the design of dissipative static state feedback controllers such that the closed-loop system is (robustly) asymptotically stable and strictly (Q,S,R)-dissipative. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the quadratic dissipative state feedback controllers are obtained by using a linear matrix inequality (LMI) approach. It is shown that the solvability of dissipative controller design problem is implied by the feasibility of LMIs. The main results of this paper unify the existing results on H ∞ control and passive control.

Temperature effect on dissipative holographic screening-photovoltaic solitons in a biased dissipative system

In a biased dissipative photovoltaic-photorefractive system, this paper investigates the temperature effect on the evolution and the self-deflection of the dissipative holographic screening-photovoltaic （DHSP） solitons. The results reveal that, the evolution and the self-deflection of the bright and dark DHSP solitons are influenced by the system temperature. At a given temperature, for a stable DHSP soliton originally formed in the dissipative system, it attempts to evolve into another DHSP soliton when the temperature change is appropriately small, whereas it will become unstable or break down if the temperature departure is large enough. Moreover, the self-deflection degree of the solitary beam centre increases as temperature rises in some range, while it is decided by the system parameters and is slight under small-signal condition. The system temperature can be adjusted to change the formation and the self-deflection of the solitary beam in order to gain certain optical ends. In a word, the system temperature plays a role for the DHSP solitons in the dissipative system.

Quantum Squeezing Effects of a Non-dissipative Mesoscopic Circuit with Coupled Inductors and Capacitors

The quantum fluctuations of the charge and current in a non-dissipative mesoscopic circuit with coupled inductors and capacitors are studied for the squeezed vacuum state.The influence of the phase angle upon the quantum fluctuations is discussed in particular.Our results indicate that when the circuit parameters remain constant and the phasesθof the two circuits are equal,the squeezing of the charge or its conjugate variable increases.When the difference of the two phases equalsπ,the squeezing will deteriorate.Therefore,if we want to decrease the quantum noise,we should not only control the amplitude r,but also control the phaseθcarefully.

Dissipative particle dynamics simulation of wettability alternation phenomena in the chemical flooding process

Wettability alternation phenomena is considered one of the most important enhanced oil recovery （EOR） mechanisms in the chemical flooding process and induced by the adsorption of surfactant on the rock surface. These phenomena are studied by a mesoscopic method named as dissipative particle dynamics （DPD）. Both the alteration phenomena of water-wet to oil-wet and that of oil-wet to water-wet are simulated based on reasonable definition of interaction parameters between beads. The wetting hysteresis phenomenon and the process of oil-drops detachment from rock surfaces with different wettability are simulated by adding long-range external forces on the fluid particles. The simulation results show that, the oil drop is liable to spread on the oil-wetting surface and move in the form of liquid film flow, whereas it is likely to move as a whole on the waterwetting surface. There are the same phenomena occuring in wettability-alternated cases. The results also show that DPD method provides a feasible approach to the problems of seepage flow with physicochemical phenomena and can be used to study the mechanism of EOR of chemical flooding.

ATTRACTORS FOR FULLY DISCRETE FINITE DIFFERENCE SCHEME OF DISSIPATIVE ZAKHAROV EQUATIONS

A fully discrete finite difference scheme for dissipative Zakharov equations is analyzed. On the basis of a series of the time-uniform priori estimates of the difference solutions, the stability of the difference scheme and the error bounds of optimal order of the difference solutions are obtained in L^2 × H^1 × H^2 over a finite time interval （0, T]. Finally, the existence of a global attractor is proved for a discrete dynamical system associated with the fully discrete finite difference scheme.

ASYMPTOTIC STABILITY OF TRAVELING WAVES FOR A DISSIPATIVE NONLINEAR EVOLUTION SYSTEM

This paper is concerned with the existence and the nonlinear asymptotic stabil- ity of traveling wave solutions to the Cauchy problem for a system of dissipative evolution equations {θt=vζx＋（ζθ）x＋aθxx,ζt=-θx＋βζxx;with initial data and end states （ζθ）（x,0）=（ζ0,θ0）（x）→（ζ±,θ±）as x→∞.We obtain the existence of traveling wave solutions by phase plane analysis and show the asymptotic nonlinear stability of traveling wave solutions without restrictions on the coeffi- cients a and v by the method of energy estimates.

Interaction Time Study of the Dissipative Process in the Reaction ^(19)F+^(45)Sc

Excitation functions have been measured for the dissipative products of 4≤Z≤12 in ^(19)F+^(45)Sc reaction from 102 to ^(108)MeV by a step of 300keV at θl=42°.The energy coherence widths have been extracted and the dinuclear system lifetimes of the order of 10^(-21 ) s have been deduced by analysing the cross section Auctuations.

Diffusion-induced deflection and the effect of two-wave mixing gain on dissipative photovoltaic solitons

In an open-circuit dissipative photovoltaic （PV） crystal, by considering the diffusion effect, the deflection of bright dissipative photovoltaic （DPV） solitons has been investigated by employing numerical technique and perturbational procedure. The relevant results show that the centre of the optical beam moves along a parabolic trajectory, while the central spatial-frequency component shifts linearly with the propagation distance; furthermore, both the spatial deflection and the angular derivation are associated with the photovoltaic field. Such DPV solitons have a fixed deflection degree completely determined by the parameters of the dissipative system. The small bending cannot affect the formation of the DPV soliton via two-wave mixing.

Reflection of Plane Waves from a Free Surface of an Initially Stressed Transversely Isotropic Dissipative Medium

The governing equations of a transversely isotropic dissipative medium are solved analytically to obtain the speeds of plane waves. The appropriate solutions satisfy the required boundary conditions at the stress-free surface to obtain the expressions of the reflection coefficients of reflected quasi-P (qP) and quasi-SV (qSV) waves in closed form for the incidence of qP and qSV waves. A particular model is chosen for numerical computation of these reflection coefficients for a certain range of the angle of incidence. The numerical values of these reflection coefficients are shown graphically against the angle of incidence for different values of initial stress parameter. The impact of initial stress parameter on the reflection coefficients is observed significantly.

Traveling Wave Solutions and Kind Wave Excitations for the (2 + 1)-Dimensional Dissipative Zabolotskaya-Khokhlov Equation

In this work, with the help of the symbolic computation system Maple and the Riccati mapping approach and a linear variable separation approach, a new family of traveling wave solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional dissipative Zabolotskaya-Khokhlov equation (DZK) is derived. Based on the derived solitary wave solution, some novel kind wave excitations are investigated.

Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation on Bonding Reaction Between Surface Modified Nanoparticles

A simulation study was carried out by using dissipative particle dynamics(DPD) method to explore the effects of properties of coating chains, such as length, density, rigidity of polymer chains, as well as the distance between nanoparticles on bonding reaction of coating chains grafted onto nanoparticles. The results show that bonding ratios of coated chains strongly depend on the length and density of coating chains. For nanoparticles with different coating densities, the optimum chain length for bonding reaction are varied. The rigidity of coating chains exhibits vigorous effects on bonding reaction that highly depends on chain lengths. DPD simulation can be used to study the bonding reaction between coated nanoparticles, which may help experimental synthesis of nanocomposites with excellent properties.

Nonperturbative solutions to cylindrical resonant cavities with dissipative medium and imperfectly conducting walls

Cylindrical waveguides without end surfaces can serve as two-dimensional resonant cavities. In such cavities the electromagnetic oscillations corresponding to an eigenfrequency can always be taken as TM or TE modes even when the walls have a finite conductivity and the medium is absorptive. This paper obtains analytic solutions to the field equations when the cylinder has a circular cross section. Some nonperturbative conclusions are drawn from the eigenvalue equation. Approximate analytic results for the resonant frequencies are obtained when the absorption of the medium is small and the walls are good conductors. Stability of the eigen modes is discussed. Similar results for the coaxial line are presented.

EQUI-ATTRACTION AND BACKWARD COMPACTNESS OF PULLBACK ATTRACTORS FOR POINT-DISSIPATIVE GINZBURG-LANDAU EQUATIONS

A new concept of an equi-attractor is introduced, and defined by the minimal compact set that attracts bounded sets uniformly in the past, for a non-autonomous dynam- ical system. It is shown that the compact equi-attraction implies the backward compactness of a pullback attractor. Also, an eventually equi-continuous and strongly bounded process has an equi-attractor if and only if it is strongly point dissipative and strongly asymptotically compact. Those results primely strengthen the known existence result of a backward bounded pullback attractor in the literature. Finally, the theoretical criteria are applied to prove the existence of both equi-attractor and backward compact attractor for a Ginzburg-Landau equation with some varying coefficients and a backward tempered external force.

THE GLOBAL ATTRACTOR FOR A VISCOUS WEAKLY DISSIPATIVE GENERALIZED TWO-COMPONENT μ-HUNTER-SAXTON SYSTEM

This article is concerned with the existence of global attractor of a weakly dissipative generalized two-component μ-Hunter-Saxton （gμHS2） system with viscous terms. Under the period boundary conditions and with the help of the Galerkin procedure and compactness method, we first investigate the existence of global solution for the viscous weakly dissipative （gμHS2） system. On the basis of some uniformly prior estimates of the solution to the viscous weakly dissipative （gμHS2） system, we show that the semi-group of the solution operator {S（t）}t≥0 has a bounded absorbing set. Moreover, we prove that the dynamical system {S（t）}t≥0 possesses a global attractor in the Sobolev space H2（S） × H2（S）.