Characteristics of dissolved organic matter(DOM) in leachate with different landfill ages

The main objective of the study was to investigate the characteristics of dissolved organic matter （DOM） in leachate with different landfill ages through the chemical, spectroscopic, and elemental analysis. Humic acid （HA）, fulvic acid （FA）, and hydrophilic （HyI） fractions were isolated and purified by the XAD-8 resin combined with the cation exchange resin method. The analytical results of fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy （EEMs） revealed that the fluorescence peaks were protein-like fluorescence for young landfill leachate, while the fluorescence peaks for medium and old landfill leachate were humic-like and fulvic-like fluorescence, respectively. Elemental analysis showed that carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen content decreased with landfill age, while the oxygen content increased. Moreover, the nitrogen content in these isolated fractions followed： HA 〉 HyI 〉 FA. The results of elemental analysis, FT-IR, and fluorescence EEMs also confirmed that aromatic carbons and portions of aliphatic functional groups were more abundant in leachate samples with increasing landfill age.

Dissolved Organic Matter Features of Three Adjacent Eastern Mediterranean Urbanized Watersheds

Landscape urbanization broadly affects ecosystems in coastal watersheds, but, until now, the influence of nonpoint source urban inputs on dissolved organic matter (DOM) amount, composition, and source is poorly understood. To understand how DOM composition varied with urbanization, fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) were determined for urban and non-urban waters from upstream to downstream sites along three adjacent coastal watersheds that flow into the Mediterranean Sea. Two humic DOM fluorescent components (humic-like and fulvic-like peaks) and two proteinic components (tyrosine-like and tryptophane-like peaks) were identified by EEM fluorescence. The results indicated that urbanization had an important influence on DOM concentration and composition, with urban waters having a high degree of DOM variation due to different land uses surrounding each body of water. Urban waters show a higher DOM fluorescence index (FI), the highest fluorescence intensity of protein-like manifested also by BIX values, and a lower value of the humification index (HIX) than non-urban waters which were dominated by allochthonous inputs. In addition, the EEM was compared in dry and wet season where higher DOM amounts and FI appeared in summer due to autochthonous production coming from algae growth compared to allochthonous input from rainfall dominated in wet season. The concentration of DOC increased from upstream to downstream for the three rivers, especially Beirut River. The increase in DOC values was observed in both dry and wet seasons by 39 and 19 times respectively compared to upstream (0.93 - 0.91 mgC/L).

Characteristics of dissolved organic matter in lakes with different eutrophic levels in southeastern Hubei Province,China

Dissolved organic matter(DOM)plays a crucial role in both the carbon cycle and geochemical cycles of other nutrient elements,which is of importance to the management and protection of the aquatic environments.To achieve a more comprehensive understanding the characteristics of DOM in the Changjiang(Yangtze)River basin,water samples from four natural lakes(Xiandao,Baoan,Daye,and Qingshan)in southeastern Hubei Province in China with different eutrophication levels were collected and analyzed.The optical characteristics were analyzed using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis.The results show that:(1)two humic-like components(C1 and C2)and two protein-like substances(C3 and C4)of DOM were identified in all waterbodies;(2)C3 originated primarily from the degradation of microalgae and contributed substantially to humic-like components during transformation.C4 was widely present in the Changjiang River basin and its formation was related to microbial activity,rather than algal blooms or seasons.Influenced by the water mixing,the protein-like components were more likely to be transformed by microorganism,whereas humic-like components were more easily to be photobleached;(3)the concentration of DOM and the fluorescence intensity of humic-like components gradually increased with rising lake eutrophication levels.With respect to protein-like components,only C3 showed changes along the eutrophication gradients;(4)DOM showed a high affinity with permanganate index(COD Mn)and chlorophyll a(chl a)while the relationship was variable with phosphorus.This study helps us systematically understand the DOM characteristics,microbial activities,and pollutant transformation in the Changjiang River basin and provides reference to the ecological restoration of aquatic environments.

Effects of water chemistry and concentrations of dissolved organic matter on its fluorescence characteristics and molecular conformation

Previous studies showed that water chemistry and concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) could affect its molecular conformation and binding characteristics with hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs). However, the conformational change of DOM resultant from water chemistry and concentrations of DOM was not extensively investigated; therefore, the contradictory reports regarding the binding property with HOCs were available in literature. In this study, the effects of ionic strength, pH and DOM concentrations on the fluorescence properties of two humic acids (HA), namely Fluka HA and Amherst HA, were investigated by three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3DEEM) and steady-state fluorescence polarization (FP) techniques. The results not only corroborated previous observations obtained by other investigators, but revealed some new information about the fluorescence properties and molecular conformation of the humic acids under different water chemistry and DOM concentration conditions, which could shed light on its binding mechanisms and binding properties with HOCs.

Seasonal Distribution of Observed Colored Dissolved Organic Matter(CDOM)in the Eastern Indian Ocean

Colored dissolved organic matter(CDOM)is a crucial constituent that affects the optical absorption properties of seawater.Owing to the relatively limited measured data on the spatial distribution characteristics of CDOM in the tropical eastern Indian Ocean,this study analyzes the optical absorption characteristics of CDOM in the southeast Indian Ocean using the data collected during four seasons from 2013 to 2017.This work also systematically describes the seasonal horizontal and vertical distribution characteristics of CDOM in this area and conducts a preliminary analysis of the relevant factors affecting CDOM absorption characteristics in this region.Results indicate that the CDOM ag(440)during summer was remarkably lower than that in the coastal waters of Europe and coastal waters of China but slightly higher than that in the western and southeast Pacific.The spatial distribution of surface CDOM shows remarkable seasonal differences,and the spatial distribution characteristics of CDOM in the 5°S,92°E region differ between spring/summer and autumn/winter.The values of ag(400)and ag(440)are weak/strong at a surface/subsurface level of 100 m,with differences found between summer and winter.The correlation of CDOM with temperature,salinity,and chlorophyll-a concentration is relatively low,indicating that CDOM is an independent driving mechanism influenced by phytoplankton degradation,photobleaching,and water mixing.

Effect of dissolved organic matter on adsorption and desorption of mercury by soils

Effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on adsorption and desorption of Hg were investigated in two kinds of soils, Xanthi-Udic Ferralosols (XUF) and Typic Purpli-Udic Cambosols (TPUC). The DOM was obtained from humus soil (DOMH), rice straw (DOMR), and pig manure (DOMP). The presence of DOM obviously reduced Hg maximum adsorption capacity with up to 40% decreases over the control, being an order of DOMH (250.00 mg/kg)< DOMR (303.03 mg/kg) < DOMP (322.58 mg/kg) < CK (control 416.67 mg/kg) for the...

Sorption of dissolved organic matter and its effects on the atrazine sorption on soils

The dissolved organic matter(DOM), water soluble organic matter derived from sewage sludge was separated into hydrophobic fraction(Ho) and hydrophilic fraction(Hi). The sorption of DOM and its fractions on soils and the effects of DOM sorption on a nonionic pesticide(atrazine(2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-trazine)) distribution between soil and water were investigated using a batch equilibrium technique. The total DOM sorption on soils described by the Langmuir equation reached saturation as the DOM concentration increased. The sorption of Ho fit the Freundlich model. In contrast, a negative retention evidently occurred as adding Hi at higher level in tested soils. The sorption of Ho dominated the total DOM sorption and the release of soil organic matter(SOM). Effects of DOM on the atrazine sorption by soils were DOM-concentration dependent and dominated by the interaction of atrazine, DOM, and soil solids. Generally, the presence of DOM with lower concentration promoted atrazine sorption on soils, namely the apparent partitioning constant(K*_d) for atrazine sorption in the presence of DOM was larger than the distribution constant(K_d) without DOM; whereas the presence of DOM with higher concentration inhibited atrazine sorption(i.e., K*_d<K_d). The overall effects of DOM on atrazine sorption in soils might be related to the DOM sorption and the release of soil intrinsic organic matter into aqueous solution. The sorption of Ho on soils promoted the atrazine sorption on soil, while the release of SOM by Hi and the competitive sorption between Hi and atrazine on soil surface led to a decrease of atrazine sorption. Information provided in this work may contribute to a better understanding of the DOM sorption and its impacts on the contaminant soil-water distribution.

Characterization of dissolved organic matter fractions and its relationship with the disinfection by-product formation

Dissolved organic matter （DOM） has been identified as precursor for disinfection by-products （DBPs） formation during chlorination. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the characteristics of DOM influence the DBPs formation mechanism. A study was, therefore, initiated to investigate the effects of DOM fractions on DBPs formation mechanism. In the chlorination process, organic acids are dominant precursors of total thihalomethanes （TTHM） because of the vc-o and unsaturated structures. Furthermore, the TTHM formation of organic acids was affected by pH more greatly. Based on the fluorescence spectroscopy analysis, DOM fractions contained several fluorescence substances. During chlorination, humic acid-like substances were found to exhibit high chlorine reactivity and hydrophobic organics decomposed to smaller molecules faster than hydrophilic organics even at lower chlorine dosages. Unlike hydrophobic fractions, hydrophilic organics showed no toxicity following chlorination, suggesting that the toxic structures in hydrophihc organics showed high chlorine reactivity during chlorination.

Fluorescence characteristic changes of dissolved organic matter during municipal solid waste composting

Dissolved organic matter（DOM） of municipal solid waste（MSW） consists of minerals, water, ash and humic substances, and is known to enhance plant growth. In this study, inoculating microbes（Z J, MS） were used in municipal solid wastes composting, and composting implemented a industrialized technology. During composting, dissolved organic matter was extracted from the compost and purified. The spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter was determined by fluorescence emission, excitation, and synchronous spectroscopy. Fluorescence emission, excitation, and synchronous spectra characterized by different relative fluorescent intensities and peaks over time. Fluorescence spectra were similar to that of fulvic acid in sewage sludge, indicating the presence of dissolved organic matter with aromatic structures and a high degree of molecular polymerization. Compared with the controls with no microbial inoculation, the microbe-inoculated treatments exhibited the increase of aromatic polycondensation, in the following order： MS ＋ ZJ 〉 ZJ 〉 MS 〉 CK.

Binding of pyrene to dissolved organic matters: fractionation and characterization

Based on a modified Leenheer DOM fractionation scheme, fractionation of DOM from the paddy soil was conducted by using XAD-8 resin into hydrophobic bases(HOB), hydrophobic acids(HOA), acid-insoluble matter(AIM), hydrophobic neutrals(HON) and hydrophilic matter(HIM). In total carbon content of DOM, 35.32% were the HIM and only 0.73% the HOB. However, HOA and AIM altogether occupied 53.45%, while the HON fraction represented 10%. The sorption experiments were conducted to determine the sorption capacity of pyrene on unfractionated DOM and its fractions. Elemental analysis, 1H-NMR and FTIR spectra were carried out on unfractionated DOM and its fractions to examine the relationship between the structure of DOM and partition coefficients(K oc). The results showed that HON had a greater affinity for binding pyrene than other fractions. While HON was characterized by large long-chain alkylate (aliphatic structure). AIM exhibited relative higher K oc values than HOA and HIM, due to much aromatic structure in AIM, while the high content of carboxylic groups of HOA and HIM depressed their binding capacity. This study demonstrated HON is a key subcomponents of DOM in binding of pyrene, in other words, aliphalic structure in DOM play an important role in binding of pyrene.

Multivariate analysis of fluorescence and source identification of dissolved organic matter in Jiaozhou Bay, China

Hierarchical clustering analysis and principal component analysis （PCA） methods were used to assess the similarities and dissimilarities of the entire Excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy （EEMs） data sets of samples collected from Jiaozhou Bay, China. The results demonstrate that multivariate analysis facilitates the complex data treatment and spectral sorting processes, and also enhances the probability to reveal otherwise hidden information concerning the chemical characteristics of the dissolved organic matter （DOM）. The distribution of different water samples as revealed by multivariate results has been used to track the movement of DOM material in the study area, and the interpretation is supported by the results obtained from the numerical simulation model of substance tracing technique, which show that the substance discharged by Haibo River can be distributed in Jiaozhou Bay.

Removal and transformation of dissolved organic matter in secondary effluent during granular activated carbon treatment

This paper focused on the removal and transformation of the dissolved organic matter （DOM） in secondary effluent during the granular activated carbon （GAC） treatment. Using XAD-8/XAD-4 resins, DOM was fractionated into five classes： hydrophobic acid （HPO-A）, hydrophobic neutral （HPO-N）, transphilic acid （TPI-A）, transphilic neutral （TPI-N） and hydrophilic fraction （HPI）. Subsequently, the water quality parameters of dissolved organic carbon （DOC）, absorbance of ultraviolet light at 254 nm （UV-254）, specific ultraviolet light absorbance （SUVA） and trihalomethane formation potential （THMFP） were analyzed for the unfractionated and fractionated water samples. The results showed that the order of the DOC removal with respect to DOM fractions was observed to be HPI〉HPO-A〉HPO-N〉TPI-A〉TPI-N. During the GAC treatment, the THMFP of the unfractionated water samples decreased from 397.4 μg/L to 176.5 μg/L, resulting in a removal efficiency of 55.6%. The removal order of the trilaalomethanes （THMs） precursor was as follows： HPO-A〉TPI-A〉TPI-N〉HPO-N〉HPI. By the GAC treatment, the specific THMFP of HPO-A, TPI-A, TPI-N and the original unfractionated water samples had a noticeable decrease, while that of HPO-N and HPI showed a converse trend. The Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） results showed that the hydroxide groups, carboxylic acids, aliphatic C-H were significantly reduced by GAC treatment.

Bacterial community succession in response to dissolved organic matter released from live jellyfish

Jellyfish blooms have increased worldwide, and the outbreaks of jellyfish population not only affect the food web structures via voracious predation but also play an important role in the dynamics of nutrients and oxygen in planktonic food webs. However, it remains unclear whether specific carbon compounds released through jellyfish metabolic processes have the potential to shape bacterial community composition. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the compositional succession of the bacterioplankton community in response to the dissolved organic matter (DOM) released by the live Scyphomedusae Cyanea lamarckii and Chrysaora hysoscella collected from Helgoland Roads of the North Sea. The bacterial community was significantly stimulated by the DOM released form live jellyfish and different dominant phylotypes were observed for these two Scyphomedusae species. Furthermore, the bacterial community structures in the different DOM sources, jellyfish-incubated media, Kabeltonne seawater, and artificial seawater (DOM-free) were significantly different, as revealed by automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis fingerprints. Catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) revealed a rapid species-specific shift in bacterial community composition. Gammaproteobacteria dominated the community instead of the Bacteroidetes community for C. lamarckii, whereas Gammaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated the community for C. hysoscella. The significant differences in the bacterial community composition and succession indicate that the components of the DOM released by jellyfish might differ with jellyfish species.

Dissolved Organic Matter-Complexed Iron in Two Rivers with Different Types of Soils in Watershed Area

Concentrations of dissolved organic matter (DOM), dissolved humic substances (DHS), and DOM-complexed Fe (DOM-Fe) in Yamakuni and Oita Rivers, Japan, of which headstream is near in location, flow pass length is similar, but watershed soil type differs, were investigated. Soil organic matter level was higher in black Andosols distributing 67% of the watershed area of the Oita River than in Cambisols covering 90% of the watershed area of Yamakuni River. However, the DOM concentration in the Yamakuni River (0.44 - 1.62 mg·C·L-1) tended to be higher than that in the Oita River (0.13 - 1.37 mg·C·L-1). DHS accounted for 49% - 80% of DOM in both rivers. Fe and DOM-Fe concentrations showed a trend to increase toward downstream but decrease at the estuary in both rivers. DOM-Fe accounted for 26% - 90% and 55% - 93% of dissolved Fe in the Yamakuni and Oita Rivers, respectively. Correlation analysis suggested that the DOM-Fe concentration in the river water was controlled by the capacity for supplying Fe ions rather than that for supplying DOM. Although the ability to form a complex with Fe was suggested to be greater in the DOM in the Oita River than that in the Yamakuni River, the DOM-Fe concentration at the estuary was similar in the two rivers. Thus, the effect of soil organic matter level in the watershed area on the supply of Fe or DOM-Fe to the estuarine ecosystem was not significant.

废弃菌菇棒与牛粪共堆肥过程中DOM的光谱特征研究

堆肥是废弃菌菇棒资源化利用的重要途径,而堆肥过程中溶解性有机物(Dissolved organic matter,DOM)的变化特征对探究堆肥反应过程具有重要意义。因此,为探究废弃菌菇棒与牛粪共堆肥过程中DOM的光谱特征及废弃菌菇棒的腐殖化过程,采用紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和荧光光谱(FS),对堆体中DOM的结构与组成变化进行研究。UV-Vis结果表明,随着堆肥的进行,DOM的不饱和度和芳构化程度增强;紫外光谱特征参数SUVA254、SUVA269和SUVA280增大,E250/E365值(250和365 nm处吸光度的比值)降低,说明堆肥中木质素类物质被分解转化为芳香化合物,芳香化程度加深,且DOM分子量增加;E253/E203(253和203 nm处吸光度的比值)和A240~400(240~400 nm范围内紫外光谱的积分面积)增大表明DOM苯环上脂肪链被氧化分解,产生了羟基、羰基等官能团,使得分子缩聚程度及腐殖化程度加深。FTIR结果表明,DOM中脂肪族类和多糖类物质逐渐减少,芳香族类物质含量增加。发射荧光光谱418 nm处的荧光峰表明初始物料中含有大量结构相对复杂的类腐殖物质;334和418 nm处的荧光峰红移至428 nm附近,说明结构简单的物质不断被分解利用,芳香基团进一步缩合,形成共轭程度高、结构更复杂的类腐殖质物质。同步荧光光谱中蛋白质类物质区积分面积比例(APLR)降低了42.1%,富里酸类物质区积分面积比例(AFLR)和胡敏酸类物质区积分面积比例(AHLR)分别增加14.0%和152.3%,说明类蛋白质物质和单芳香族化合物不断被分解利用,而类胡敏酸物质和类富里酸物质不断形成,同时存在富里酸类物质向更稳定的胡敏酸类物质转化的过程。利用三维荧光光谱结合平行因子分析将DOM解析为类富里酸(C1)、类胡敏酸(C2)和类蛋白物质(C3)三类组分。与堆肥初期相比,堆肥结束时C1和C2组分占比分别增加22.42%和126.91%,C3组分占比降低73.32%,且C1和C2组分占比之和达90.04%,表明类蛋白物质含量降低,类腐殖物质显著增加,最终成为DOM的主要成分。研究显示,废弃菌菇棒与牛粪共堆肥DOM的芳香化和腐殖化程度随堆肥的进行逐渐加深,且主要发生在堆肥前期。

Improved speciation of dissolved organic nitrogen in natural waters: amide hydrolysis with fluorescence derivatization

The objective of this study was to improve primary-amine nitrogen (1°-N) quantification in dissolved organic matter (DOM) originating from natural waters where inorganic forms of N, which may cause analytical interference, are commonly encountered. Efforts were targeted at elucidating organic-N structural criteria influencing the response of organic amines to known colorimetric and fluorescent reagents and exploring the use of divalent metal-assisted amide hydrolysis in combination with fluorescence analyse...

洞庭湖DOM组成与有机碳收支对江湖水力连通的响应

洞庭湖是我国最大的通江湖泊之一,为探究洞庭湖溶解性有机物(DOM)组成、(DOC)收支与江湖水力连通间的内在关联,于2018年5月、7月、9月和11月在洞庭湖湘、资、沅、澧4支流和长江荆南松滋、虎渡、藕池3个入湖口以及洞庭湖出湖口城陵矶采集水样,并探究洞庭湖流域DOM的组成分异特征及其对江湖水力连通的响应.结果表明,入湖河流和城陵矶DOM吸收系数a254和陆源类腐殖酸组分C1在7月最高.DOC由入湖口(2.4±1.3mg)/L下降至出湖口(2.1±0.3)mg/L,而a254由入湖口(9.7±2.2)m^(-1)上升至出湖口(10.1±1.7)m^(-1).微生物培养前的DOC浓度为(2.4±1.0)mg/L,微生物降解后的DOC浓度为(2.1±0.9mg)/L,DOC的微生物活性,即BDOC最高值出现在澧水为50.3%.5月、7月、9月和11月入湖的DOC通量分别为(63.7±43.6)×10^(3)t,(60.1±7.3)×10^(3)t,(27.6±3.6)×10^(3)t,(31.9±13.9)×10^(3)t.洞庭湖因自身水力滞留时间短,导致DOM在湖内运移过程中较少被降解,全湖DOM来源组成受流域不同季节来水条件影响较大.

基于CDOM光谱特征的泥页岩产气特征评价

泥页岩中可溶有机质(DOM)组成和可降解性是影响生物气形成的重要因素,开发简便有效的方法来评估可溶有机质的组成、官能团特征和微生物活性等,可为泥页岩生物气田产气机制分析提供关键的基础信息。采集了柴达木盆地涩探1井1219~1309 m泥质岩心,基于有色可溶有机质(CDOM)的三维荧光(EEM)和紫外可见吸收光谱特征,分析了可溶有机质的组分、官能团特征和易降解程度,了解了产甲烷菌可利用底物的分布情况。结果表明:涩探1井岩心有机质以易降解的类色氨酸荧光组分C1和C3为主,占比70.54%;荧光组分、荧光参数HIX、BIX和吸光系数E_(253)/E_(203)、SUVA_(254)共同指示1219~1222 m和1285~1301 m2个层位有机质腐殖化程度较低,芳香性较弱,为潜在的产气活跃层位。研究表明CDOM光谱可以作为分析泥页岩可溶有机质特征的有效方法,其结果反映了产甲烷菌可利用底物和微生物活性等特征,为烃源层系内生物产气预测提供有效的重要信息。

供水管网系统中DOM解析与DBPs生成特征

为保障城市供水安全,实现南方某市优质饮用水入户,通过对目前供水管网水质情况进行调查分析,明确供水管网系统中溶解性有机物(DOM)在不同季节、余氯及停留时间等参数条件下对消毒副产物(DBPs)生成情况的影响。研究表明:供水管网系统中常规水质指标如浑浊度、余氯和溶解性有机物主要取决于出厂水的浓度,供水管网中余氯变化较大,在管道中进行补氯有利于提升供水管网中不利点的居民饮用水安全。紫外和荧光光谱分析方法在供水管道中检测方便、检测限较低且不受其他工艺影响且检测浓度较低,可有效指示供水管道中存在的异常风险。三氯甲烷与卤乙酸是供水管网系统中主要存在的DBPs,其生成受到出厂水水质、管道、管道距离及季节性等多因素的影响,在供水管线中的含量变为随管线距离增长而增大;在温度较高的季节DBPs生成浓度高、反应速度快,应受到重点关注。

水厂臭氧-生物活性炭工艺对短链PFCs及DOM去除特性的中试

全氟化合物(PFCs)在水环境中广泛分布并存在潜在毒性,活性炭吸附是目前被认为从饮用水中去除PFCs的有效技术之一。然而,关于臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BAC)在实际水体中对短链PFCs去除特性的研究较少,因此在目前地表水环境中短链PFCs的污染水平不断升高的背景下,亟需评估该工艺的应用效果。文中以水厂砂滤产水为水源,研究了3种短链PFCs(PFBA、PFPeA、PFHxA)和溶解性有机物(DOM)在连续运行90 d的O3-BAC中试装置中的去除效果,同时探讨了关停臭氧和臭氧的投加量对短链PFCs和DOM去除效果的影响。结果表明,随着运行时间的延长,3种短链PFCs在O3-BAC中试中的去除率显著下降并且出现了PFCs穿透和解吸附现象,去除率下降程度为:PFBA>PFPeA>PFHxA,而DOM相关的DOC、UV_(254)和Φ_((T,n))指标的去除率下降程度则相对缓慢。臭氧的投加能够氧化DOM从而改善短链PFCs在炭滤中的吸附去除,关停臭氧后流入炭滤的DOM会抢占已吸附短链PFCs的吸附位点,使PFCs解吸附提前发生。过高的臭氧投加量又会使更具竞争性的低分子量有机物增多,从而削弱炭滤对短链PFCs的去除能力。