Knee Osteoarthritis Progression after Distal Femur Closing Wedge Osteotomy

Background: Despite the conservative treatment of tibio-femoral osteoarthritis through realignment osteotomies, the rate of total knee replacements following an osteotomy is increasing. The aim of this study was to identify the factors associated with the progression of knee osteoarthritis after a medial closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy. Methods: Hospital-based observational study on 20 patients who underwent a medial closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy evaluating the progression of osteoarthritis using the Kellgren and Laurence classification. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the variation in the progressive stage of the Kellgren and Laurence classification of knee osteoarthritis preoperatively and at the final follow up. Univariate analysis made it possible to determine the factors associated with progression. The final significance threshold for statistical tests was set at 5% (p Results: Overall, the mean follow-up of 46 months ± 6.6 months, with a mean age of 43 years (range: 27 - 69 years) and a female predominance (M: F = 3/7). The progression of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis following a medial closing-wedge distal femoral osteotomy is associated with valgus or varum malalignment been a moderate valgus (OR 6.2 [1.5 - 42.7] at 95% CI;p-value = 0.02), a correction of the mechanical deviation angle with a valgus alignment (OR 2.7 [0.9 - 8.3] at 95% CI), and loss of correction (OR 3.8 [1.3 - 11.6] at 95% CI;p -value) for the lateral compartment while varus alignment (OR 1.7 [0.9 - 8.3] 95% CI, p-value = 0.05) and with rupture of the lateral cortex (OR 2.8 [1.7 - 11.5] 95% CI, p-value = 0.02) were those of the medial compartment. Conclusion: Distal femur closing wedge osteotomy does not definitively interrupt the progression of valgus knee osteoarthritis. The factors associated with the progression of this pathology are modifiable. Taking them into account when performing this surgical technique could improve the osteotomy survival curve.

Surgical Management of Recent Traumatic Epiphyseal Fractures-Detachments of the Distal Femur at Gabriel TouréUniversity Hospital

Traumatic epiphyseal detachment fractures of the distal end of the femur are a rare lesion whose severity is linked to disabling sequelae such as limb length inequality or most often axial deviation. In this report, surgical treatment aims to reconstruct the anatomy of the distal femur, to avoid secondary displacements and to allow early mobilization of the knee. Surgery carried out mainly by the technique of plugging in or screwing, opened or better still closed, can be a source of complications including migration of pins, infections, knee stiffness, and growth disorders. The aim of this work was to describe their epidemiological, anatomo-clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary aspects in the Department of Orthopedics-Traumatology at the CHU Gabriel TOURE. It was a retrospective study over 30 months from July 2019 to December 2021. In fact, it concerned 42 patients with traumatic epiphyseal detachment of the distal femur occurring within 21 days or less, on a healthy knee with cartilage fertile treated surgically and followed in the department. However, the diagnosis of traumatic epiphyseal detachment of the distal femur was retained thanks to the clinical examination and supplemented by radiographic images of the knee from the front and from the side. The treatment was surgical. The functional results were evaluated according to the functional criteria of the Eastern Orthopedic Traumatology Society (SOTEST). Forty-two patients included 32 boys and 10 girls of average age of 12 years with extremes of 8 years and 16 years. The lesions were classified according to the Salter Harris classification. We noted 24% type I (n = 10), type II 71% (n = 30), type III 2% (n = 1), type IV 2% (n = 1). Union was achieved in all patients within an average of 6 weeks with extremes of 4 and 12 weeks. The functional result was considered good in 20% of cases and very good in 80%. Traumatic epiphyseal detachment fractures of the distal end of the femur are a rare lesion whose severity is linked to disabling sequelae such as limb length inequality or most often axial deviation. Surgical treatment aims to reconstruct the anatomy of the distal femur, to avoid secondary displacements and to allow early mobilization of the knee.

Surgical Treatment of Recent Traumatic Epiphyseal Detachments of the Distal Femur in the Orthopedic and Traumatological Surgery Department of the CHU Bocar Sidy Sall de Kati: About 20 Cases

Introduction: To our knowledge, no scientific study has been conducted at the university hospital of Kati on recent traumatic epiphyseal detachment fractures of the distal femur. However, every day, children present in consultation for knee trauma. Conjugal plate fractures are by definition single to children. Any break in any solution of continuity of this plate is called an epiphyseal fracture or detachment. Objectives: To evaluate the results of surgical treatment of traumatic epiphyseal in detachments of the distal femur recent in children and adolescents. Patients and Method: This was a 13-month prospectively collected longitudinal descriptive study from September 1, 2016 to September 30, 2017. We identified and reviewed 20 medical records of recent traumatic epiphyseal detachments of the distal femur. The parameters studied were sociodemographic, lesion, surgical technique and evolutionary. Results: During the study period, the most affected group age was 12 to 17 years (85%) with an average of 14.65 ± 1.61 years (6 and 20 years). The victims were male (95%). The most frequent etiology was road traffic accident (95%), with a mean time to care of 26.42 ± 10.21 hours and Type II was frequently encountered (85%) with 35% of immediate complications. Cross-bracketing was the most commonly used surgical technique (85%). The result was good (65%). Conclusion: This study allowed us to observe a significant hospital incidence of epiphyseal detachment fractures of the distal femur. Cross pinning was the most commonly used surgical technique with fewer complications (35%) and a satisfactory result in 90% of cases.

Distal femur complex fractures in elderly patients treated with megaprosthesis:Results in a case series of 11 patients

BACKGROUND Surgical treatment of complex fractures of the distal femur in the elderly is controversial.Osteoporosis and pre-existent osteoarthritis are common comorbidities in the elderly which add to the need for early walking and rapid restoration of function and also pose significant obstacles to achievement of satisfactory results with standard fixation techniques.Recently,several authors have suggested that primary arthroplasty could be a viable alternative option to standard fixation techniques in selected patients with complex distal femur fractures.AIM To present our experience with 11 cases of distal femur fractures treated with knee arthroplasty and large femoral resection in a population of patients over the age of 85.METHODS Data from 11 consecutive patients(10 females,1 male)presenting with acute intra-articular supracondylar or intercondylar distal femur fractures and with pre-existent primary osteoarthritis who were treated with primary knee arthroplasty were recorded.We collected standard demographic data,comorbidities and patient reported outcomes including Visual Analogical Scale(VAS),Oxford Knee Score(OKS)and Barthel’s Index.Post-operative joint range of motion(ROM)and standard radiographic data were also collected.RESULTS At a mean follow-up of 23.2 mo,all of the implants were well-positioned and osteointegrated.Furthermore,all the patients were alive and walking either independently or with walking aids.There was a marked improvement in pain(VAS 4.5 postop vs 1.9 at the last follow-up),OKS score(29.5 postop vs 36.81 at the last follow-up),ROM(96.2°postop vs 102°at the last follow-up)and restoration of pre-injury ambulatory status(average Barthel Index 77.3).The radiographic evaluations showed good restoration of the articular geometry.No deaths and no complications were recorded.CONCLUSION In conclusion,we believe that knee megaprosthesis in the case of complex fractures of the distal femur is a valid surgical choice.This is particularly true in elderly patients with severe osteoporosis and pre-existing osteoarthritis.It is important to note that this surgery should be performed by surgeons with proven experience in prosthetic hip and knee surgery and that a scrupulous selection of the cases is completed.

Low-grade central osteosarcoma of distal femur, resembling fibrous dysplasia

We report a case of a 32 year-old male, admitted for a lytic lesion of the distal femur. One month after the first X-ray, clinical and imaging deterioration was evident. Open biopsy revealed fibrous dysplasia. Three months later, the lytic lesion had spread to the whole distal third of the femur reaching the articular cartilage. The malignant clinical and imaging features necessitated excision of the lesion and reconstruction with a custom-made total knee arthroplasty. Intraoperatively, no obvious soft tissue infiltration was evident. Nevertheless, an excision of the distal 15.5 cm of the femur including 3.0 cm of the surrounding muscles was finally performed. The histological examination of the excised specimen revealed central low-grade osteosarcoma. Based on the morphological features of the excised tumor, allied to the clinical findings, the diagnosis of low-grade central osteosarcoma was finally made although characters of a fibrous dysplasia were apparent. Central low-grade osteosarcoma is a rare, well-differentiated sub-type of osteosarcoma, with clinical, imaging, and histological features similar to benign tumours. Thus, initial misdiagnosis is usual with the condition commonly mistaken for fibrous dysplasia. Central low-grade osteosarcoma is usually treated with surgery alone, with rare cases of distal metastases. However, regional recurrence is quite frequent after close margin excision.

Treatment of distal femur fractures in a regional Australian hospital

AIM:To review our outcomes and compare the results of the Less Invasive Stabilization System(LISS)to other implants for distal femur fracture management at a regional Australian hospital.METHODS:The LISS is a novel implant for the management of distal femur fractures.It is,however,technically demanding and treatment results have not yet been assessed outside tertiary centres.Twenty-seven patients with 28 distal femur fractures who had been managed surgically at the Mackay Base Hospital from January 2004 to December 2010 were retrospectively enrolled and assessed clinically and radiologically.Outcomes were union,pain,Lysholm score,knee range of motion,and complication rates.RESULTS:Twenty fractures were managed with the LISS and eight fractures were managed with alternative implants.Analysis of the surgical techniques re-vealed that 11 fractures managed with the LISS were performed according to the recommended principles(LISS-R)and 9 were not(LISS-N).Union occurred in67.9%of fractures overall:9/11(82%)in the LISS-R group vs 5/9(56%)in the LISS-N group and 5/8(62.5%)in the alternative implant group.There was no statistically significant difference between pain,Lysholm score,and complication rates between the groups.However,there was a trend towards the LISS-R group having superior outcomes which were clinically significant.There was a statistically significant greater range of median knee flexion in the LISS-R group with compared to the LISS-N group(P=0.0143)and compared with the alternative implant group(P=0.0454).CONCLUSION:The trends towards the benefits of the LISS procedure when correctly applied would suggest that not only should the LISS procedure be performed for distal femur fractures,but the correct principle of insertion is important in improving the patient’s outcome.

Is Distal Femur Locking Plate a Superior Implant in Distal Femur Fracture?

In spite of advances in techniques and improvements in surgical implants, confusion still prevails regarding use of specific implants in distal femur fracture. Fractures in the distal femur have posed considerable therapeutic challenges throughout the history of fracture treatment. Most of these surgical failures were due to inadequate fixation of the fracture fragments. The Aim of the study is to determine whether distal femur locking plates are superior implants than dynamic condylar screw and distal femur nail. A prospective and observational study was done in Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Sri Ramachandra Medical Collage, Chennai between Jan. 2011 and Jan. 2015. Patients with distal femoral fractures, admitted into the hospital, were treated using various modes of internal fixation and followed up over a period of six months to one year and their functional outcome was evaluated. The functional and radiological assessment of patients during follow-up was done using Neer’s criteria. The use of any one of the implant, i.e. distal femur locking plates, dynamic condylar screw or distal femur nailing for internal fixation, depends on the type of fracture and the pre operative planning and intra operate decision of the surgeon. In our study, 38% of fractures treated by Dynamic condylar screw, 72% of fractures treated by distal femur locking plate and 42% of fractures treated by Distal femur supracondylar nail had excellent/satisfactory results. Locking plates had better outcome in both extra-articular and intra-articular group. They also had better outcome in both younger and older age groups.

A Novel Method to Fix Type C3 Distal Femur Fractures with Bone Defect Loss Using “Harms Cage”

A case of compound C3 distal femur fracture with 12 cm bone defect. After thorough debridement, the Harms cage was used to reconstruct the medial column and the fracture was fixed with the locking distal femur plate laterally. The Harms cage prevents the cantilever effect and eliminates the need for medial plating. This avoids another medial incision and preserves medial biology. At 18 months’ follow-up, plain radiographs demonstrated full reconstruction of the medial column with good range of motion at the knee joint. This technique avoids the need of dual plating in these fractures with good results.

Evaluation of results of open distal femur fractures with primary fixation and antibiotic impregnated collagen

Purpose:Distal femoral fracture is one of the most common lower limb injuries and accounts for less than 1%of all fractures.Open fracture takes 5%-10%of the all distal femoral fractures,which is at an increased risk of complications.There were limited studies which documented the outcomes of such cases.The present study aims to evaluate the outcome and complications in these fractures using primary definitive fixation with condylar locking plate and antibiotic impregnated collagen sheet secondary to aggressive debridement.Methods:This is a prospective study conducted in a tertiary care orthopaedic hospital in northern India.Thirty patients of open distal femoral fractures were managed by primary definitive fixation with condylar locking plate and antibiotic impregnated collagen sheet secondary to aggressive debridement.They were followed for minimum of six months.Patients were followed up monthly for first four months,at six months and one year after surgery.Clinical and radiological signs of healing,any complications,time to union,and functional outcome were assessed.Results:The mean age of patients was 44.33 years(range 20-82 years)with male predominance of 66.7%.According to Gustilo-Anderson classification,there were 5,15 and 10 patients with open grade I,II and IIIA distal femoral fractures respectively.According to orthopaedic trauma association(OTA)classification,majority of patients in our study were of C3 type.The mean time to bony union was 5.6 months(range 4-9 months).Average postoperative knee range of motion(ROM)at the latest follow-up was 98°(range 70°-120°).Lysholm knee scoring scale showed excellent score in 11 patients,good in 9 patients,fair and poor in 5 patients each;however,there was no significant correlation with fracture pattern types(p<0.05).Knee stiffness was the major complications encountered in the study.The knee ROM was<90°in 5 patients and 90°-120°in rest of the patients,while 1 patient had extensor lag of 10°.One patient had implant failure and lost to follow-up;3 patients had deep infection.Conclusion:An approach of primary definitive fixation with condylar locking plate and antibiotic impregnated collagen sheet secondary to early aggressive debridement in open distal femur fractures shows significant results in terms of functional and radiological outcomes with minimal complications.

两种方法治疗学龄期儿童股骨下段不稳定型骨折的疗效比较

目的比较股骨远端90°锁定钢板与弹性髓内钉治疗学龄期儿童股骨下段不稳定型骨折的疗效。方法采用随机数字表法将75例学龄期股骨下段不稳定型骨折患儿分成观察组(采用股骨远端90°锁定钢板治疗,38例)与对照组(采用闭合或切开复位弹性髓内钉治疗,37例)。记录手术情况、骨折复位及愈合情况、术后再移位发生率。采用HSS评分评价膝关节功能。结果患儿均获得随访,时间6~24个月。术中出血量、术中透视次数观察组均少于对照组(P<0.05)。术后3 d X线片显示两组骨折均复位良好。两组骨折愈合时间2.5~5个月。末次随访时,HSS评分优良率观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。术后再移位发生率观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论与弹性髓内钉相比,股骨远端90°锁定钢板治疗学龄期儿童股骨下段不稳定型骨折,术中出血量、透视次数更少,术后骨折再移位率更低,疗效更好。

股骨远端90°锁定钢板与克氏针治疗大龄儿童股骨髁上骨折的疗效比较

目的比较股骨远端90°锁定钢板与克氏针治疗大龄儿童股骨髁上骨折的疗效。方法采用随机数字表法将61例大龄儿童股骨髁上不稳定型骨折患儿分为观察组(31例,采用股骨远端90°锁定钢板治疗)和对照组(30例,采用闭合或切开复位克氏针治疗)。记录两组手术情况、疼痛VAS评分、骨折愈合情况以及骨折再移位率,采用Johner-Wruhs标准评价疗效。结果患儿均获得随访,时间6~24个月。手术时间、术中透视次数观察组短(少)于对照组(P<0.05)。术后1个月疼痛VAS评分观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。两组骨折均愈合,时间3~5个月。末次随访时采用Johner-Wruhs标准评价的疗效优良率观察组高于对照组(P<0.05)。随访期间观察组1例(3.2%)骨折再移位,对照组8例(26.7%)骨折再移位,骨折再移位率观察组小于对照组(P<0.05)。结论股骨远端90°锁定钢板治疗大龄儿童股骨髁上骨折,无需塑形、固定牢固、符合生物力学特点,效果良好;与克氏针治疗相比,手术时间更短,术中透视次数更少,患儿可以更早功能锻炼,骨折再移位率更低。

膝外翻矫形术中股骨远端不同截骨角的生物力学实验研究

目的研究膝外翻股骨远端截骨术(DFO)中股骨远端不同截骨角的生物力学特征。方法采集1例典型的有症状股骨髁上畸形的膝外翻女性志愿者MRI及CT影像数据,构建膝外翻的骨-关节三维有限元模型,并建立7个不同截骨角度的矫形术后模型。对膝外翻模型的股骨远端机械轴外侧角(mLDFA)、胫骨近端内侧角(MPTA)、胫骨-股骨机械轴夹角、力线通过距离进行测量。观察分析膝关节伸直位状态下内外侧间室关节接触力再分布、关节软骨与半月板应力。结果力线通过距离受矫形角度影响明显,在矫形6°~7°时跨过50%界线。胫骨-股骨机械轴夹角受矫形角度影响,其在矫形5°~6°逐渐转为负值。MPTA不受矫形角度影响。mLDFA受到矫形角度影响,矫形角度每增加1°,mLDFA也随之增加1°。冠状面截骨角度为7°时,胫骨-股骨机械轴通过膝关节间隙冠状面的48.6%处,膝关节内外侧间室关节接触力分布为外侧40%、内侧60%,内外侧间室关节软骨应力分布最均匀,膝关节股骨侧软骨外侧间室应力峰值5.2 MPa、内侧5.5 MPa,胫骨侧外侧间室应力峰值6.0 MPa、内侧6.2 MPa。结论DFO治疗膝外翻时截骨角度对内外侧间室关节接触力再分布、软骨应力具有显著影响。矫形后胫骨-股骨机械轴经过胫骨平台中点略内侧,呈轻度内翻时,关节软骨应力分布更为均衡,内外侧间室关节接触力分布接近人体正常膝关节状态。

钢板内固定治疗股骨下端单髁骨折

2019年3月~2022年3月,我科采用钢板内固定治疗12例股骨下端单髁骨折(Hoffa骨折)患者,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组12例,男10例,女2例,年龄28~67岁。均为闭合Hoffa骨折。左侧4例,右侧8例。致伤原因:交通事故伤9例,高处坠落伤2例,摔伤1例。

抗生素骨水泥柱占位联合植骨治疗股骨远端开放骨折骨缺损的疗效分析

目的:探讨抗生素骨水泥柱占位联合髂骨植骨在股骨远端开放骨折骨缺损治疗中的有效性及初步疗效。方法:回顾性分析2014年10月至2021年3月采用抗生素骨水泥柱占位联合髂骨植骨技术治疗股骨远端开放骨折骨缺损16例,其中男12例,女4例;年龄28~68岁。车祸伤11例,高处坠落伤5例,Gustilo分型Ⅰ型3例,Ⅱ型5例,ⅢA型8例。采用AO分型:C2型9例,C3型7例。从受伤至接受最终植骨手术时间为4~119 d。骨缺长损度2~10 cm。记录患者骨折愈合时间、并发症、膝关节功能Merchan评分。结果:本组16例患者均获得随访,随访时间9~29个月。16例患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无术后感染、钢板断裂、肢体短缩及膝内外翻畸形等并发症。骨折愈合时间为4~10个月。膝关节功能根据Merchan评分标准评估,优8例,良4例,可3例,差1例。结论:采用抗生素骨水泥柱占位联合髂骨植骨治疗股骨远端开放复杂骨折骨缺损有助于预防感染、协助骨折复位,增加固定强度,减少植骨量,是一种有效的手术方式。

股骨远端骨折治疗进展

股骨远端骨折是临床上常见的一类骨折。随着内固定器械的发展、治疗理念与技术的提高,股骨远端骨折的治疗有了新的进展。本文就股骨远端的解剖结构,以及股骨远端骨折的发生机制与分型、临床诊断、治疗历史演变与研究方向作一综述。

假体柄长度与股骨远端肿瘤术后假体无菌性松动的关系

目的探究假体柄长度对股骨远端肿瘤膝关节假体置换术后假体无菌性松动的影响。方法选择自2015年6月至2021年6月于四川友谊医院行膝关节假体置换术的164例股骨远端肿瘤患者作为研究对象,根据术后随访2~8年期间假体无菌性松动情况将患者分为未松动组和松动组。未松动组126例,男71例,女55例;年龄25~69岁,平均(47.69±5.48)岁。松动组38例,男24例,女14例;年龄27~70岁,平均(46.12±5.33)岁。比较两组患者的临床资料。采用Kaplan-Meier法分析假体柄长度与假体使用寿命的关系;采用随机森林算法及多因素Logistic回归分析影响患者术后假体无菌性松动的因素;相关性E值法分析研究结果的敏感性;限制性立方样条图分析假体柄长度与患者术后假体无菌性松动的剂量-效应关系;建立预测模型并评价其预测效能。结果Kaplan-Meier法分析结果显示,假体柄长度与假体使用寿命有关(P<0.001);下肢力线距膝关节中心距离增加是患者术后假体无菌性松动的危险因素(P<0.05),假体柄长度、髓腔柄与股骨直径比值、机械轴股骨远端外侧角、术后髋-膝-踝角增加是保护因素(P<0.05);敏感性分析显示E=2.015;男性患者或女性患者中,假体柄长度与术后假体无菌性松动均不存在非线性关系(P>0.05);当模型预测术后假体无菌性松动概率为0.80时,约登指数最高(77.77),准确度为92.24%,敏感度为85.63%,特异度为92.14%,受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.825(95%CI:0.766~0.884,P<0.001)。结论下肢力线距膝关节中心距离、假体柄长度、髓腔柄与股骨直径比值等是股骨远端肿瘤患者膝关节假体置换术后假体无菌性松动的影响因素,建议外科医生应选择较长的假体柄和较粗的髓腔柄,增加假体髓腔柄与股骨直径和髓腔直径的贴合度,同时术后应定期检查下肢力线偏倚情况,及时重建下肢力线。

逆行髓内钉与锁定加压钢板治疗股骨远端骨折患者的临床效果研究

探究股骨远端骨折患者采用逆行髓内钉与锁定加压钢板治疗的临床价值。选取2021年2月—2023年2月修文县人民医院收治的76例股骨远端骨折患者为研究对象,依照随机数字表法将患者分为对照组和观察组,每组各38例。对照组使用锁定加压钢板手术方式治疗,观察组使用逆行髓内钉手术方式治疗。结果显示,对比围术期相关指标,观察组手术时间、住院时间以及完全负重时间较对照组更短,切口长度和术中出血量和对照组比较更小(P<0.05);对比治疗优良率,观察组总有效率较对照组更高(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组膝关节屈曲度、膝关节功能评分、生活自理能力评分三项指标高于对照组,疼痛评分低于对照组,差异有意义(P<0.05);对比并发症发生率,观察组比对照组低(P<0.05)。研究发现,针对股骨远端骨折患者临床治疗时采用逆行髓内钉术式较锁定加压钢板手术创伤更小,术后恢复快,治疗优良率高,术后并发症少,可有效改善患者膝关节功能,提高生活自理能力,值得推广。

股骨髓内钉远端锁钉置入的模型骨实验

背景:髓内钉置入内固定是治疗股骨干骨折的经典方案,其远端瞄准架被广泛应用于远端锁钉的置入,提高了远端锁钉置入的准确率,但其失败率仍然不容忽视。研究出一种可实现远端锁钉快速且精准锁钉的新技术,减少徒手锁钉时的X射线放射性损伤,是当务之急。目的:比较占位压杆技术和徒手锁钉技术在股骨髓内钉远端锁钉置入中的效果。方法:建立发生压杆偏移不能准确置入远端锁钉的股骨模型骨8个,分2组处理:占位压杆组(n=4)采用占位性压杆技术,在原压杆孔相邻位置重新钻孔后进行准确压杆,再进行远端锁钉孔斯氏针的置入;徒手锁钉组(n=4)采用C臂监视下的徒手锁钉技术完成远端锁钉孔斯氏针的置入。比较两组置钉的X射线曝光次数、锁钉时间及置钉准确率。结果与结论:(1)占位压杆组X射线曝光次数少于徒手锁钉组(P <0.05),锁钉时间短于徒手锁钉组(P <0.05);两组的置钉准确率均为100%;(2)结果表明,占位压杆技术和徒手锁钉技术均能准确地完成股骨髓内钉远端锁钉的置入,占位压杆技术相比徒手锁钉技术具有手术时间短和X射线辐射少的优点。

有限元分析3种内固定方式治疗伴有内侧骨缺损的C3型股骨远端骨折

目的:伴有内侧骨缺损的股骨远端C3型骨折预后差,目前尚无治疗伴有内侧骨缺损的股骨远端C3型骨折的金标准。本研究采用有限元分析比较股骨远端外侧单钢板、逆行髓内钉和内外侧双钢板这3种治疗伴有内侧骨缺损的股骨远端C3型骨折的内固定方式的生物力学特点,旨在为临床选择内固定治疗方式提供理论依据。方法:选取1位43岁体重60 kg男性志愿者,无股骨骨折及骨病史,股骨X线及CT检测表明骨质条件无异常。运用螺旋CT对志愿者的股骨全长进行层厚1 mm的断层扫描,通过有限元分析方法基于CT采集数据建立伴有内侧骨缺损的股骨远端C3型骨折仿真模型,并分别建立股骨远端外侧解剖钢板(单钢板组)、逆行髓内钉(逆行髓内钉组)以及内外侧双钢板(双钢板组)固定的三维模型。模拟60 kg体重男性行走步态中单足负重中立位受力情况,对装配模型施加300 N轴向应力,观察各组模型中内植物的应力、剪切力、位移、股骨应力分布及骨折端位移情况。结果:单钢板组、逆行髓内钉组、双钢板组的内植物应力峰值分别为149.300、59.281、58.038 MPa,应力峰值均在股骨远端骨缺损部位。单钢板组、逆行髓内钉组、双钢板组的内植物剪切力峰值分别为77.867、30.136、33.505 MPa,均出现在股骨远端骨缺损部位。单钢板组、逆行髓内钉组、双钢板组的内植物位移峰值分别为1.34、1.25、0.83 mm,骨折端位移峰值分别为1.529、1.264、0.880 mm,股骨应力峰值分别为72.682、112.430、40.716 MPa。结论:在治疗伴有内侧骨缺损的股骨远端C3型骨折的3种模型中,双钢板组的内植物位移及应力峰值最小,股骨应力峰值最小,出现内固定断裂风险最低,可能是治疗伴有内侧骨缺损的股骨远端C3型骨折的更好选择。

关节镜联合股骨远端内侧闭合楔形截骨术治疗膝外翻合并骨性关节炎的临床效果

目的分析关节镜联合股骨远端内侧闭合楔形截骨术治疗膝外翻合并骨性关节炎的临床效果。方法选取粤北人民医院2017年1月—2021年12月收治的40例膝外翻合并骨性关节炎患者为研究对象,采用随机数表法进行分组,每组20例。对照组采取关节镜联合股骨远端外侧开放楔形截骨术治疗,观察组采取关节镜联合股骨远端内侧闭合楔形截骨术治疗。对比两组近期临床效果差异。结果观察组的骨愈合时间为(13.50±2.50)周,短于对照组的(18.00±2.00)周,差异有统计学意义(t=6.286,P<0.05)。术后1个月KOOS评分均较同组术前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组术后1个月的KOOS评分与对照组相比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后1个月股胫角度、膝关节功能评分均较同组术前升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。观察组的骨折延迟愈合发生率10.00%、切口血肿发生率5.00%,与对照组的5.00%、5.00%比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.000、0.526,P>0.05)。结论关节镜联合股骨远端内侧闭合楔形截骨术治疗膝外翻合并骨性关节炎的临床效果与关节镜联合股骨远端外侧开放楔形截骨术相当,但骨愈合时间更短。